199 research outputs found
Allergological diagnostics and current allergens in occupational dermatology
No full textA broad spectrum of various substances may cause occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Often, it is difficult to identify potentially or truly relevant allergens at the workplace. Therefore, the consulting physician must have a comprehensive knowledge of possible allergens in different occupations to perform specific diagnostics and to initiate efficient secondary prevention by allergen avoidance. In this review, we give some practically relevant general comments on patch testing in occupational dermatitis, followed by a discussion of important occupational allergens in those occupational groups most frequently affected by occupational dermatitis. Finally, recommendations on which allergens should be tested in the respective occupational groups are given or reported from the literature
Fragrance mix I and II: results of breakdown tests
No full textSince the late 1970s, a fragrance mix (FM I) consisting of amyl cinnamal, cinnamal, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, isoeugenol and oakmoss absolute (Evernia prunastri) has been used as a screening agent for contact allergy to fragrances in the baseline patch test series. In 2005, another mix (FM II) was added, consisting of citronellol, coumarin, farnesol, hexyl cinnamal and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC). Leading allergens are oakmoss absolute and isoeugenol in FM I, and HICC in FM II. The aim of the present study was analyse, if the internal ranking of fragrance allergens has changed in the course of the years, and to analyse cross reactivity between selected fragrance compounds. Retrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 1998-2013 (FM I), and 2005-2013 (FM II). The ranking of the most frequent allergens in the FMs is largely unchanged, except for an increase in sensitization to hexyl cinnamal. Limitations of exposure to oakmoss absolute, isoeugenol and HICC in cosmetics and body care products had a positive effect, as confirmed by the declining proportions of sensitized patients. Nevertheless, they remain the most important fragrance allergens in FM I and FM II. FM I and FM II are valuable tools for screening for fragrance allergy. However, a diagnosis of fragrance allergy cannot be made by patch testing with FM I and FM II alone. In case of suspected fragrance allergy and/or positive test reaction to FM I or FM II, testing the full mix breakdown and other fragrance allergens is obligatory. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by didecyldimethylammonium chloride in a geriatric nurse
No full textIs the irritant benzalkonium chloride a contact allergen? A contribution to the ongoing debate from a clinical perspective
No full textBackground: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a well-recognized irritant. However, doubts exist that it is also a contact allergen. Objective: Analysis of clinical patch test data addressing the reaction profile and synchronous reproducibility of BAC 0.1% in petrolatum (pet.) and possible increases in risk of BAC contact allergy in certain (occupationally exposed) subgroups. Patients / Methods: Data of 42 898 patients tested with BAC 0.1% in pet. in 3 different series (topical drugs, ophthalmics, and disinfectants) in the departments of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (http://www.ivdk.org) between 1996 and 2006 was analysed. Results: Overall, morphologically 'positive' reactions were rare, 0.6-1.5%, with a total of 41 stronger positive reactions. Concordance, assessed in 3322 patients tested in duplicate, was low (kappa coefficient 0.15, 95% CI: 0-0.31). Positive test reactions were observed significantly more often in the disinfectants series compared with the 2 other series, indicating that suspected exposure to disinfectants may be associated with sensitization. However, variation of stronger BAC test positivity across potentially relevant (occupational) groups was non-significant. Conclusion: This analysis of routine clinical data and a number of previous reports add further, if weak, evidence to the notion that BAC is a contact allergen, albeit a very rare one
Is cocamidopropyl betaine a contact allergen? Analysis of network data and short review of the literature
No full textThere is no general agreement on whether cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a skin sensitizer. Objective. To examine the evidence for CAPB being a (non-)sensitizer. Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of data on patch testing with CAPB 1% aqua collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology from 1996 to 2009, with a focus on the patch test reaction profile, and demographic and clinical features of CAPB positives, supplemented by a literature review. Results. Eighty-three thousand eight hundred and sixty-four patients were patch tested with CAPB 1% aqua, yielding 2.16% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06-2.26%] positive (2.03% + and 0.13% + + /+ + + ) and 4.6% non-allergic reactions. Thus, the reaction index was-0.368 and the positivity ratio was 94.2%. Reproducibility on synchronous patch testing (n = 6534) was poor [Cohen's kappa: 0.29 (95% CI 0.25-0.32)] and results upon retesting (n = 1157) were almost non-reproducible [kappa: 0.12 (95% CI 0.05-0.19]. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed an increased risk associated with being male and aged >= 40 years, with atopic dermatitis, with scalp dermatitis, with being a hairdresser, and with a 48-hr patch test application. When only + + or + + + reactions were used as a conservative outcome, only the elevated risk in males and in patients with atopic dermatitis remained significant. Conclusion. The vast majority of positive reactions to CAPB are presumably false positive. Allergic reactions are very rare. This would support the notion of CAPB being 'not a significant skin sensitizer', in line with current classification systems
Risk of sensitization to fragrances estimated on the basis of patch test data and exposure, according to volume used and a sample of 5451 cosmetic products
No full textThe risk of sensitization cannot be derived from the frequency of sensitization to allergens alone, as exposure also should be considered. The occurrence of 26 fragrances in 5451 products based on the labelling of the ingredients was documented. Use volumes were provided by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA). Frequency of sensitization to fragrances was analysed based on IVDK data from September 2007 to December 2009. As an estimate of sensitization risk, the sensitization exposure quotient (SEQ) was calculated as the quotient of the relative frequency of sensitization and the relative frequency of use/labelling. The SEQs (the risk) varied greatly, offering a ranking regarding risk of sensitization: oak moss, tree moss, farnesol, methyl 2-octynoate (methyl heptine carbonate) and isoeugenol at the top of the list indicating a (very) high risk of sensitization, butylphenyl methylpropional (Lilial (R)), hexyl cinnamal, citronellol, linalool and limonene at the bottom, indicating a (very) low risk of sensitization. Compounds with a high risk were found to be classified as potent allergens according to the LLNA. High frequencies of sensitization may be put into perspective by the frequent use of certain fragrances. Despite infrequent use, others (with higher potencies or too high use concentrations) may turn out to be associated with an increased risk. Hazard assessment should be supplemented by risk assessment. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.cosmetic and fragrance industry (associations
Knüttelversiges Disputatorium. : Eine disharmonische Introduktions-Phantasie.
No full textHandwritten 20-page manuscript by Daniel Lessmann. Also included are a typed transcript and an explanatory letter by
H.G. Reissner.Daniel Lessmann wrote this play for his student Adolf Herz and his siblings Emmy, Toni, Luise, Jette, Emanuel, and
Betty, the children of the banker Leopold Edler von Herz, in whose house in Vienna Lessmann lived from the fall of 1817 to the spring
of 1820. The entire action takes place in Herz’s house, where the children and Lessmann himself appear, as does Ignaz v. Neuwall , who
belongs to one of nine ennobled Jewish families residing in Vienna at that time.Born in Soldin, Neumark (today Myślibórz, Poland) on January 18, 1794, Lessmann was an author who took part in the
German national uprising against Napoleonic rule. He committed suicide in Wittenberg on September 1, 1831.The original German-language inventory is available in the folde
Contact allergy to preservatives. Analysis of IVDK data 1996-2009
No full textP>Background Understanding the early events of the immune response, through the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) by Toll-like receptor (TLR)9-sensing, could contribute to the evaluation of immune dysregulation in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Objectives We decided to investigate innate immunity in CIU and the mechanisms implicated in the modulation of interferon (IFN)-alpha production by pDC upon TLR9 activation. Methods Patients with CIU (n = 31) and healthy control subjects (HC, n = 36) were enrolled in the study. Leucocytes cultured with the TLR9 ligand, CpG type A, or with inhibitory-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) were used to determine IFN-alpha secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Enumeration of pDC, intracellular IFN-alpha and signal transducers and activators of transcription protein (STAT) (1 and 4) phosphorylation were assessed by flow cytometry. TLR9 and regulatory factor-7 mRNA transcripts were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Evidence of pDC in the skin lesions of patients was analysed with immunohistochemistry staining. Results The findings show a decreased IFN-alpha secretion induced by CpG A by leucocytes, due to the diminished IFN-alpha expression on pDC in CIU. It was mediated by TLR9-activation since inhibitory-ODN further suppressed TLR9-induced IFN-alpha secretion. A normal pDC percentage and degree of activation by the expression of costimulatory molecules was observed in CIU, with the rare presence of pDC in the skin lesion. In addition, an increased constitutive STAT1 phosphorylation on nonstimulated lymphocytes and a downregulation of TLR9 mRNA transcripts after CpG A activation were verified in patients with CIU. Conclusions The findings showed an innate immune response in CIU disturbed by impairment of the pDC response to TLR9 activation
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