13 research outputs found
Conception d'un moteur asynchrone adapté à une double alimentation (réduction des pertes supplémentaires induites par une alimentation de type M.L.I.)
No full textCe mémoire traite des pertes supplémentaires développées asynchrones de fortes puissances. Le premier chapitre est consacré à la modélisation de l'ensemble machine-convertisseurs en régime sinusoïdal et non sinusoïdal. L'auteur y développe un calcul analytique des diverses inductances des enroulements statoriques et rotoriques en fonction des différents paramètres géométriques de la machine. Il met en évidence quelques caractéristiques offertes par la double alimentation telle que la possibilité de réduire considérablement les pertes fer dans le cas d'une machine à champs rotorique et statorique inverses. Le second chapitre s'intéresse au choix des dimensions des conducteurs et de leur subdivision pour différentes configurations de bobinage ainsi que l'influence de la température sur les pertes supplémentaires. Les expressions analytiques sont calculées à partir d'un modèle monodirectionnel. L'auteur met en évidence pour chaque type d'enroulement et motif d'alimentation l'existence d'une hauteur critique des conducteurs qui minimise les pertes par effet Joule. Le troisième chapitre traite des pertes fer supplémentaires. L'auteur s'appuie sur une approche expérimentale et une modélisation thermique de la machine. L'étude est menée sur une macvhine asynchrone de 4kW équipée au stator de thermocouples. Des essais d'échauffements pour différents motifs d'alimentation ont permis de trouver une loi permettant de prédire les pertes de fer à partir de celles obtenues en régime sinusoïdal en fonction du taux de distorsion et de la fréquence de découpage du signal d'alimentation. Dans le quatrième chapitre l'auteur compare pour une machine connue, les pertes pour différents types de commande M.L.I. L'auteur montre que la commande à E/f=Cte suit le même profil que les pertes en régime sinusoïdal avec une majoration et que celles-ci sont largement inférieures à celles obtenues avec une M.L.I. sinus-triangle ou M.L.I calculée.This memory treats about additional losses developed in high power induction motors. The first chapter is devoted to the modelling of the machine-converters association with sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal wave forms. The author develops an analytical calculation of the different inductances of the stator and rotor windings according to the geometrical parameters of the machine. It underlines some characteristics offered by the double feeding such as the possibility of reducing considerably the iron losses in the case of opposite rotor and stator fields. The second chapter relates to the choice of the dimensions of the wires and of their subdivisions for different configurations of windings and discusses the temperature influence on the additional losses. The analytical expressions are calculated with a one-dimensional model. The author underlines that for each type of winding and current wave form, a critical height of the conductors which minimises the copper losses exists. The third chapter treats on additional iron losses. The author uses an experimental approach and a thermal modelling of the machine. The study is undertaken on an asynchronous machine of 4kW equipped at the stator with thermocouples. Temperature-rise tests for various voltage wave forms made it possible to find a law for predicting the iron losses from those obtained in sinusoidal mode according to the distortion rate and the sampling frequency of the signal. In the fourth chapter the author compares for a known machine, the losses for different type of PWM control. The author shows that the law with E/f=Constant follows the same profile as the losses in sinusoidal mode but with an increase and that they are largely lower than those obtained with a sine-triangle PWM or for a calculated PWM.BELFORT-BU L. FEBVRE (900102102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Differences in review quality and recommendations for publication between peer reviewers suggested by authors or by editors.
Get PDFCONTEXT: Many journals give authors who submit papers the opportunity to suggest reviewers. Use of these reviewers varies by journal and little is known about the quality of the reviews they produce. OBJECTIVE: To compare author- and editor-suggested reviewers to investigate differences in review quality and recommendations for publication. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Observational study of original research papers sent for external review at 10 biomedical journals. Editors were instructed to make decisions about their choice of reviewers in their usual manner. Journal administrators then requested additional reviews from the author's list of suggestions according to a strict protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Review quality using the Review Quality Instrument and the proportion of reviewers recommending acceptance (including minor revision), revision, or rejection. RESULTS: There were 788 reviews for 329 manuscripts. Review quality (mean difference in Review Quality Instrument score, -0.05; P = .27) did not differ significantly between author- and editor-suggested reviewers. The author-suggested reviewers were more likely to recommend acceptance (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.66) or revise (odds ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-4.97). This difference was larger in the open reviews of BMJ than among the blinded reviews of other journals for acceptance (P = .02). Where author- and editor-suggested reviewers differed in their recommendations, the final editorial decision to accept or reject a study was evenly balanced (50.9% of decisions consistent with the preferences of the author-suggested reviewers). CONCLUSIONS: Author- and editor-suggested reviewers did not differ in the quality of their reviews, but author-suggested reviewers tended to make more favorable recommendations for publication. Editors can be confident that reviewers suggested by authors will complete adequate reviews of manuscripts, but should be cautious about relying on their recommendations for publication
A JAMAIS (ALL THE WAY) du Film - THE JOKER IS WILD / Robert CHABRIER - James Van HEUSEN. SANS AMOUR (LOVING YOU) du Film - AMOUR FRENETIQUE / J. BROUSSOLLE et M. LEONARD - M. STOLLER -J. LEIBER ; Vicky AUTIER ; Orchestre dir : WAL-BERG
No full textTitre uniforme : [All the way]BnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
MA PRIERE (MY PRAYER) / Maurice VANDAIR - Georges BOULANGER. A JAMAIS (ALL THE WAY) du Film - THE JOKER IS WILD / Robert CHABRIER - James Van HEUSEN. SARAH / Jacques PLANTE - Charles AZNAVOUR. SANS AMOUR (LOVING YOU) du Film AMOUR FRENETIQUE / Jean BROUSSOLLE - Maurice LEONARD - Mike STOLLER - Jerry LEIBER ; Vicky AUTIER ; Orchestre dir : WAL-BERG
No full textTitre uniforme : [All the way]Titre uniforme : [Ma prière]Titre uniforme : [Sarah]BnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
BAMBINO (Guaglione) / NISA - J. LARUE - FANCIULLI. LES LILAS BLANCS / Léo LELIEVRE - H. VARNA - F. ROUVRAY - F. DOELLE. LA MER / Charles TRENET. GOOD NIGHT, SWEETHEART / Marc CAB - H. VARNA - DAWSON - Ray NOBLE - CAMPBELL - CONNELLY ; Vicky AUTIER ; Orchestre : Joe MOUTET
No full textTitre uniforme : [Bambino]Titre uniforme : [Bambino]BnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière
Vitamin D supplementation and breast cancer prevention : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Get PDFIn recent years, the scientific evidence linking vitamin D status or supplementation to breast cancer has grown notably. To investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer incidence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing vitamin D with placebo or no treatment. We used OVID to search MEDLINE (R), EMBASE and CENTRAL until April 2012. We screened the reference lists of included studies and used the “Related Article” feature in PubMed to identify additional articles. No language restrictions were applied. Two reviewers independently extracted data on methodological quality, participants, intervention, comparison and outcomes. Risk Ratios and 95% Confident Intervals for breast cancer were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. In sensitivity analysis, we assessed the impact of vitamin D dosage and mode of administration on treatment effects. Only two randomized controlled trials fulfilled the pre-set inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis included 5372 postmenopausal women. Overall, Risk Ratios and 95% Confident Intervals were 1.11 and 0.74–1.68. We found no evidence of heterogeneity. Neither vitamin D dosage nor mode of administration significantly affected breast cancer risk. However, treatment efficacy was somewhat greater when vitamin D was administered at the highest dosage and in combination with calcium (Risk Ratio 0.58, 95% Confident Interval 0.23–1.47 and Risk Ratio 0.93, 95% Confident Interval 0.54–1.60, respectively). In conclusions, vitamin D use seems not to be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer development in postmenopausal women. However, the available evidence is still limited and inadequate to draw firm conclusions. Study protocol code: FARM8L2B5L
Beam Forming ARMA for Electronic War Applications
No full textThis paper deals with 2 methods, allowing to fous the radiated field of the radiated field of an ARMA, for electronic war application the field strenghening is obtained without having to increase the input power. It can be done through simple bending of the antenna or applying a specific phase law
Breast cancer management in low resource countries (LRCs): Consensus statement from the Breast Health Global Initiative
No full textThe Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) brought together international breast cancer experts to discuss breast cancer in low resource countries (LRCs) and identify common concerns reviewed in this consensus statement. There continues to be a lack of public and health care professionals'awareness of the importance of early detection of breast cancer. Mastectomy continues to be the most common treatment for breast cancer; and a lack of surgeons and anesthesia services was identified as a contributing factor in delayed surgical therapy in LRCs. Where available, radiation therapy is still more likely to be used for palliation rather than for curative treatment. Tumor receptor status is often suboptimally performed due to lack of advanced pathology services and variable quality control of tissue handling and processing. Regional pathology services can be a cost-effective approach and can serve as reference, training and research centers. Limited availability of medical oncologists in LRCs often results in non-specialist providing chemotherapeutic services, which requires additional supervision and training. Palliative care is an emerging field in LRCs that requires investment in training and nfrastructure development. A commitment and investment in the development of breast cancer care services by LRC governments and health authorities remains a critical need in LRCs. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Adams EJ, 2008, BRIT J RADIOL, V81, P304, DOI 10.1259-bjr-77023750; Adebamowo C A, 2000, West Afr J Med, V19, P179; Adebamowo CA, 2008, BREAST CANCER RES TR, V110, P183, DOI 10.1007-s10549-007-9694-5; Adesunkanmi ARK, 2006, BREAST, V15, P399, DOI 10.1016-j.breast.2005.06.008; Agarwal G, 2009, WORLD J SURG, V33, P2069, DOI 10.1007-s00268-009-0150-z; Agarwal T, 2003, EUR J CANCER, V39, P52, DOI 10.1016-S0959-8049(02)00459-8; Ajekigbe A T, 1991, Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), V3, P78, DOI 10.1016-S0936-6555(05)81167-7; Akarolo-Anthony SN, 2010, BREAST CANCER RES, V12, DOI 10.1186-bcr2737; Akhigbe AO, 2009, BMC CANCER, V9, DOI 10.1186-1471-2407-9-203; American Cancer Society, 2007, GLOB CANC FACTS FIG; Anderson BO, 2008, CANCER, V113, P2221, DOI 10.1002-cncr.23844; Anderson BO, 2006, BREAST J, V12, pS3, DOI 10.1111-j.1075-122X.2006.00199.x; 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Effect of anastrozole on bone mineral density and lipid profiles when used to prevent breast cancer in high risk postmenopausal women
No full textPhDThe role of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in breast cancer has expanded since their introduction in
the mid-1990s. They are superior to tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with
oestrogen dependant tumours in the metastatic, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant settings and are
currently been explored as chemopreventive agents. When compared to tamoxifen they are
known to reduce bone mineral density (BMD), increase fracture rate, increase joint symptoms,
and may also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The International Breast Cancer
Intervention Study-II (IBIS-II) is the only breast cancer prevention randomised trial studying
the role of anastrozole versus placebo in preventing breast cancer in postmenopausal women
with a high risk of breast cancer.
Methods
This thesis focus on four main areas: (a) Analysis of data from the bone sub-study of the IBISII
study, exploring the effects of anastrozole on bone mineral density at 12 and 36-months, and
the ability of bisphosphonates treatment to reduce bone loss in women with low mineral density
(BMD) at baseline. (b) Analysis of data from the prevention stratum of the IBIS-II study,
exploring the effect of anastrozole on cholesterol fractions. (c) Analysis of the data from the
Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial, exploring different risk factors
for fractures in women with breast cancer who received either anastrozole or tamoxifen for five
years (d) Analysis of data from the prevention stratum of the IBIS-II study, exploring if baseline
25(OH) vitamin D levels predicted arthralgia within one year of study.
Results
Women with normal BMD at baseline had a significant BMD loss at lumbar spine and total hip
for both anastrozole and placebo. However, the BMD loss at lumbar spine was significantly
11
greater with anastrozole. Osteopenic women, who received anastrozole plus risedronate, after
12-months of treatment gained significant bone density at lumbar spine compared to women
receiving anastrozole without risedronate, but not at total hip. At 36 months, there was no
significant gain in bone density either at lumbar spine or total hip. In osteoporotic women,
risedronate abrogated the detrimental effect of anastrozole, after 12 months of treatment,
significantly at lumbar spine, but not at total hip. After 36 months of treatment, risedronate still
abrogated the effect of anastrozole at lumbar spine, but not significantly. These 12 and 36-
months data suggest that bone loss associated with anastrozole may be manageable with DXA
monitoring and bisphosphonate use.
Use of anastrozole did not lead to any significant changes in total cholesterol and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared with placebo, except that anastrozole marginally
decreased TC levels. These data support the lack of cardiovascular toxicity with anastrozole
seen in the adjuvant trials.
Using a model containing the following risk factors; age, weight/height/BMI, geographical
regions, smoking, use of statins and other medication at baseline, previous chemotherapy,
previous radiotherapy and trial therapy, only treatment, age and geographical regions were
found to be significantly associated with fracture risk.
No significant effect of baseline vitamin D levels were seen on the risk of musculoskeletal
symptoms in healthy postmenopausal women at a high risk of breast cancer. The serum 25 (OH)
vitamin D levels significantly increased in the anastrozole group from baseline to 12 months,
when compared with placebo
Hypovitaminosis D in developing countries-prevalence, risk factors and outcomes
No full textHypovitaminosis D is a prevalent disorder in developing countries. Clinical manifestations of hypovitaminosis D include musculoskeletal disorders, such as nonspecific muscle pain, poor muscle strength and low BMD, as well as nonmusculoskeletal disorders, such as an increased risk of respiratory infections, diabetes mellitus and possibly cardiovascular diseases. In developing countries, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D varies widely by and within regions; prevalence ranges between 30-90percent, according to the cut-off value used within specific regions, and is independent of latitude. A high prevalence of the disorder exists in China and Mongolia, especially in children, of whom up to 50percent are reported to have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 12.5 nmol-l. Despite ample sunshine throughout the year, one-third to one-half of individuals living in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 25 nmol-l, according to studies published in the past decade. Hypovitaminosis D is also prevalent in children and the elderly living in Latin America. Risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in developing countries are similar to those reported in Western countries and include extremes of age, female sex, winter season, dark skin pigmentation, malnutrition, lack of sun exposure, a covered clothing style and obesity. Clinical trials to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on classical and nonclassical clinical outcomes in developing countries are needed. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. 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