45 research outputs found
Estimation of Consumption Functions Using Savings Motive Hypothesis (SMH)
No full textIn this paper a new consumption function is derived based on savings motive hypothesis (SMH). The major theory behind the SMH is that households save part of their income in period 1 and transfer it to period 2. Implying that consumption in period 1 is the addition of autonomous consumption and variable consumption in period 2. The validity of the SMH is tested by using data from India, Kenya, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, UK and USA for the period 1970 to 2018. The data analyses are performed by using World Bank Data and generalized least squares (GLS) method. The paper demonstrates that estimation of the consumption function could be done more accurately by using SMH of the consumption function. The MSH is based on the psychological savings motive theory. Some results in the paper can be used in making both household and national welfare decisions e.g. making use of the short run global marginal propensity to consume that is found to be 0.43
The Semantic Web as a Semantic Soup
No full textThe Semantic Web is currently best known for adding metadata to web pages to allow computers to 'understand' what they contain. This idea has been applied to people by the Friend of a Friend project which builds up a network of who people know through their descriptions placed on web pages in RDF. It is here proposed to use RDF to describe a person and to have their RDF document follow them around the Internet. The proposed technique, dubbed Semantic Cookies, will be implemented by storing a user's RDF in a cookie on their own computer through the browser. This paper considers the concept of Semantic Cookies and investigates how far existing technology can be pushed to accommodate the idea
Effects of Technological Progress And Productivity on Economic Growth In Uganda
No full textAbstractThe study focused on the effects of technological progress and productivity on economic growth in Uganda within the, 1971 – 2009 period. The study found out that growth in technological progress resulted in economic growth, whereas increase in either capital productivity or labor productivity gave rise to reduction in economic growth within the aforementioned period. Capital productivity or labor productivity could have caused reduction in economic growth because labor productivity growth might have caused workers to enjoy more leisure instead of working more or growth in capital productivity could have made capital more efficient and resulted in more idle capacity; thus causing depletion of output through reduction in the capital or labor used in production. Theoretical models developed were empirically tested after transforming them into the relevant econometric models. The relevant variables were simulated from annual disposable income, annual real GDP and annual investment expenditures using the celebrated Cobb-Douglas production function
Intertemporal Government Budget Constraint: Debts and Economic Growth in Ethiopia, 1990–2018
No full textThis paper uses the intertemporal government budget constraint model, linear logarithmic functions (for better regression results), annual time series data and the generalized least squares technique to examine the effects of external debt and external debt servicing on economic growth in Ethiopia between 1990 and 2018. Alemayahu and Zerfu (1998) confirm that the level of debt in Ethiopia is beyond the capacity of the country to service it.
This problem then begs the following major research questions: Does external debt or its servicing crowd out investment in Ethiopia? What have been the effects and estimates of (i) external debt and (ii) external debt servicing on economic growth in Ethiopia? The major hypotheses are: (a): External debt does not enhance economic growth. (b) External debt servicing depresses economic growth.
Data were collected from the World Bank and United Nations. The major findings of the paper are: (1) That increases in external debt enhanced economic growth in Ethiopia within the sample period, ceteris paribus; and (2) That external debt servicing had negative effect on economic growth in Ethiopia.
The paper also suggests maintaining reasonable levels of external debt by the government of Ethiopia to enhance economic growth, and avoiding excessive borrowing that might create difficulties in debt servicing (i.e. debt overhang). As a result of its findings, one future research topic this paper would proposes is: “Determination of the Sustainable Debt Levels for Enhancing Rapid Economic Growth in Ethiopia.
Semiometrics: producing a compositional view of influence
No full textHigh-impact academic papers are not necessarily the most cited. For example, Einstein's 'Special Relativity' paper from 1905 received (and continues to receive) fewer citations from other papers than his 'Brownian Motion" paper of the same year, despite the former radically changing the course of an entire scientific discipline to a much greater extent. Similarly, 'impact' metrics using citation count alone are, it is argued, not adequate for determining the scientific influence of papers, authors or small groups of authors. Although valid, they remain controversial when used to determine influence of larger groups or journals. While the term 'impact' has become closely linked to a journal's citation-based Journal Impact Factor score, this thesis uses the term 'influence' to describe the wider effectiveness of research, combining citation and metadata analysis to allow richer calculations to be performed over large-scale document networks. As a result, more qualitative influence ratings can be determined and a broader outlook on scientific disciplines can be produced. These ratings are best applied using an ontology-based data source, allowing more efficient inference than under a traditional RDBMS system, and allowing easier integration between heterogeneous data sources. These metrics, termed 'Semantic Bibliometrics' or 'Semiometrics', can be applied at a variety of levels of granularity, allowing a compositional framework for impact and influence analysis. This thesis describes the process of data preparation, systems architecture, metric value and data integration for such a system, introducing novel approaches at all four stages, thereby creating a working semiometrics system for determining influence at different semantic levels of granularity
Humanitarian Intervention and the Protection of Civilian Populations
No full textThe author interrogates the critical question of whether forcible humanitarian intervention be legitimised in spite of clear contradiction to the classical norms of inter-state relations. Classical approach puts emphasize on the principle of sovereignty when governments become the perpetrators of human rights abuses of their citizens, or if states have collapsed into civil war, chaos, and disorder. The author examines this security debate by juxtaposing the age-old doctrine of humanitarian intervention 'vis-à-vis' the imperatives of the concept of 'Responsibility to Protect'. The author argues that humanitarian intervention, due to the ambiguities and controversies surrounding its application, has become an anachronism, which ultimately led to the conceptualisation of Responsibility to Protect vulnerable populations. This approach is based on its concerns with human security as against that of the state and its relevance as arbiter to the longstanding discord between sovereignty and intervention
Retraction notice to “Rechargeable Batteries for Energy Storage: A review” [e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy 8 (2024) 100510]
No full textThis article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).Suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper were discovered.The paper was originally submitted by Ehsan Kianfar as single author. Co-authors Chou-Yi Hsu, Yathrib Ajaj, Ghadir Kamil Ghadir, Hayder Musaad Al-Tmimi, Zaid Khalid Alani, Ausama A. Almulla, Mustafa Asaad Hussein, Ahmed Read Al-Tameemi, Zaid H. Mahmoud, Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa, Farshid Kianfar, and Sajjad Habibzadehwere were added to the revised paper without explanation and without exceptional approval by the journal editor, which is a violation of the journal's policies. The publisher reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to these changes.The Editor has determined that the authorship and the findings of the article cannot be relied upon and has decided to retract the article
Bank credit and transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in Uganda
No full textAbstract. This paper examines the effect of monetary policy on bank credit in Uganda during the January 2008 to December 2017 period. By using macro level monthly data, it tests for the existence of monetary policy transmission channels, in particular the presence of bank credit channel in the economy of Uganda. This is done by showing that bank credit growth in Uganda is affected by monetary policy shocks. Before conducting data analysis, tight bank credit models were built with the view of making the analysis mimic the actual behavior of bank credit and the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Data used in the empirical analysis are from Bank of Uganda. Empirical analysis is conducted by using the generalized least squares (GLS) technique. The advantage with the GLS method is that it is generally more efficient because it eliminates both serial correlation and variance values that are not constant. The empirical results establish presence of the bank credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Uganda. Secondly, the empirical tests conducted establish that the relationship between reserves and loans typically operates in the reverse way to that described in some economics textbooks. Similarly, the relationship between bank deposits and bank deposits is found in principle to operate only during the current month in the reverse way to that described in some economics textbooks. Thirdly, empirical tests conducted indicate that 1 percent increase in money supply (M2) is responsible for causing 2.2 percent monthly increase in bank deposits in Uganda during the sample period, ceteris paribus.Keywords. Financialization, Political economy, Financial regulation.JEL. C01, C10, G18, P16, P34
Humanitarian intervention and the protection of civilian populations
No full textThe author interrogates the critical question of whether forcible humanitarian intervention be legitimised in spite of clear contradiction to the classical norms of inter-state relations. Classical approach puts emphasize on the principle of sovereignty when governments become the perpetrators of human rights abuses of their citizens, or if states have collapsed into civil war, chaos, and disorder. The author examines this security debate by juxtaposing the age-old doctrine of humanitarian intervention vis-à-vis the imperatives of the concept of ' Responsibility to Protect'. The author argues that humanitarian intervention, due to the ambiguities and controversies surrounding its application, has become an anachronism, which ultimately led to the conceptualisation of Responsibility to Protect vulnerable populations. This approach is based on its concerns with human security as against that of the state and its relevance as arbiter to the longstanding discord between sovereignty and intervention
AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE PACIFIC: REFLECTIONS ON PEACEKEEPING IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA (BOUGAINVILLE)
No full textThis paper examined conflicts and regional security in the Pacific. The paper has as its focus the roles of Australia and New Zealand (and the Pacific Islands Forum) in managing security in the Pacific using Papua New Guinea (Bougainville) and the Solomon Islands as case studies. It documented their peacekeeping experiences, and interrogated whether these operations were successes or not and why. Furthermore, the author explored whether the peacekeeping experiences in the Pacific and lessons learnt from these operations might be applicable to, and/or be helpful in developing a useful peacekeeping model for other regions. The argument of this paper is that, although Australia and New Zealand regional security management role is based on security concerns of the region but the national interests of these dominant states are also at play and a key factor that shape the nature and direction of interventions. As well, the dynamics of these operations have revolved around interaction between and among local, regional and global political factors. The author argued that peacekeeping in the Pacific (especially in Bougainville and the Solomon Islands) may not offer an appropriate peacekeeping model in such-conflict ridden settings as Africa where armed violence are more complex, protracted and involve full-scale military actions as opposed to low-intensity and localised conflicts in the Pacific, but some of the peacekeeping lessons from the region may be helpful to other peace operations, especially Peacekeeping the 'Pacific Way'. </jats:p
