29,908 research outputs found
Desmodium Jiang, Tian & Pan, 2022, s. str.
No full textKey to <i>Desmodium s. str.</i> taxa naturalized in China: <p> 1. Pods linear, slender; articles narrowly elliptic, ca. 3 × as long as wide......................................................................... <i>D. scorpiurus</i></p> <p>1. Pods narrowly oblong; articles orbicular, triangular or nearly so, nearly as long as wide or slightly longer....................................2</p> <p> 2. Both sutures of pods constricted between articles, moniliform...................................................................................... <i>D. tortuosum</i></p> <p>2. Adaxial suture of pods straight or somewhat undulate, abaxial suture constricted between articles.................................................3</p> <p> 3. Adaxial surface of leaflet with a silvery plaque along the midvein............................................................................... <i>D. uncinatum</i></p> <p> 3. Adaxial surface of leaflet without plaque.......................................................................................................................... <i>D. intortum</i></p>Published as part of <i>Jiang, Kai-Wen, Tian, Bin & Pan, Bo, 2022, Legume additions to the flora of China, pp. 1-21 in Phytotaxa 532 (1)</i> on page 4, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.532.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5900839">http://zenodo.org/record/5900839</a>
FIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B from B. Liu 550 (two sheets in HITBC), showing the persistent stipels of leaves. C. Pod enclosed by calyx. D. Pod. E. Seed. A & B by Bo Pan, C, D & E by Kai-Wen Jiang from B. Pan s. n. (NPH), a seed specimen collected from Yunnan, China. in Legume additions to the flora of China
No full textFIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B from B. Liu 550 (two sheets in HITBC), showing the persistent stipels of leaves. C. Pod enclosed by calyx. D. Pod. E. Seed. A & B by Bo Pan, C, D & E by Kai-Wen Jiang from B. Pan s. n. (NPH), a seed specimen collected from Yunnan, China.Published as part of Jiang, Kai-Wen, Tian, Bin & Pan, Bo, 2022, Legume additions to the flora of China, pp. 1-21 in Phytotaxa 532 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.532.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/590083
Pueraria Jiang, Tian & Pan, 2022, s. str.
No full textKey to the Chinese taxa of Pueraria s. str.: 1. Stipules not lobed at base, linear........................................................................................................................................................2 1. Stipules lobed at base, sagittate..........................................................................................................................................................7 2. Keels larger than wings......................................................................................................................................................................3 2. Keels equal to wings...........................................................................................................................................................................6 3. Stems nearly glabrous; stipules caducous; pods glabrous........................................................................................................ P. bella 3. Stems hirsute with yellowish hairs in all parts; stipules persistent; pods hirsute...............................................................................4 4. Bracts shorter than bracteoles; calyx 7–8 mm; standard ca. 8 mm in diam; pods 4–9 cm × 8–13 mm; leaflets usually entire................................................................................................................................................................................. P. montana var. montana 4. Bracts longer than bracteoles; calyx 8–20 mm; standard 10–18 mm in diam; pods 5–14 cm × 8–13 mm; leaflets often 3-lobed.................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 5. Calyx 8–10 mm; standard 10–12 mm in diam; wings subequal to keels; pods 5–9 cm × 8–11 mm............... P. montana var. lobata 5. Calyx up to 20 mm; standard 16–18 mm in diam; wings slightly shorter than keels; pods 10–14 cm × 10–13 mm.............................................................................................................................................................................................. P. montana var. thomsonii 6. Leaflets up to 14.5 × 12 cm, with lateral ones entire; inflorescences up to 17 cm, axis with retrorse hairs; keels not auriculate................................................................................................................................................................................................. P. bouffordii 6. Leaflets up to 8 × 6.5 cm, with lateral ones 3-lobed; inflorescences up to 48 cm, axis without retrorse hairs; keels auriculate at base......................................................................................................................................................................................... P. xyzhui 7. Standard 22–25 mm in diameter.................................................................................................................................... P. grandiflora 7. Standard no more than 20 mm in diameter 8. Bracts longer than flower buds.................................................................................................................................. P. alopecuroides 8. Bracts shorter than flower buds..........................................................................................................................................................9 9. Leaflets suborbicular, entire or irregular 5–7-lobed........................................................................................................... P. calycina 9. Leaflets ovate, 2- or 3-lobed................................................................................................................................................... P. edulisPublished as part of Jiang, Kai-Wen, Tian, Bin & Pan, Bo, 2022, Legume additions to the flora of China, pp. 1-21 in Phytotaxa 532 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.532.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/590083
Pan tu: Jiang Qing
No full text向群文化室.文字:叛徒 - 江青;下款:向群文化室宣 1976.12.裝裱後高寬: 110 x 50 cm.Xiang qun wen hua shi.Wen zi : Pan tu - Jiang Qing; Xia kuan : Xiang qun wen hua shi xuan 1976.12.Zhuang biao hou gao kuan : 110 x 50 cm
Li Jieren’s “River Fiction Trilogy” and the Scene, Ritual, and Spatial Concepts of Vernacular Architecture in the Ba and Shu Region: With Thoughts on the Role of Local Fictions in the Study of Vernacular Architecture. “大河三部曲” 与巴蜀风土 建筑的空间观念 —兼论地方小说在风土建筑研究中的作用.
No full text聚焦李劼人于 1930 年代创作的以晚清时期的成都 为时空背景的地方小说“大河三部曲”中郝姓士绅 的宅院, 结合小说文本, 参考民居实例复原其平 面布局; 进而梳理郝家在宅院中日常生活、仪式 和会客的场景; 并通过分析不同关系人物的活动 与建筑布局的关系, 讨论巴蜀地区传统风土宅院 的空间观念; 最后探讨了利用地方小说来解读传 统风土建筑的意义及局限。Focusing on Li Jieren’s local novels, known as the “River Fiction Trilogy” written in the 1930s that described the Hao house in Chengdu in late Qing dynasty as the spatiotemporal background, the paper first reconstructs its layout based on the novel’s text and reference of vernacular architecture, and it examines the scenes of daily life, rituals, and social gatherings within different spaces of the Hao house. Further, by analyzing the relationship between the activities of various characters and the architectural layout, the paper discusses the spatial concepts of traditional vernacular houses in the Ba and Shu region. Finally, it explores the significance and limitations of using local novels to interpret traditional vernacular architecture
The Formation and Characteristics of Dispersed Clan Villages in the Ba-Shu Region: A Case Study of the QU Settlement in Luxian 巴蜀宗族散村的形成与特征:以泸县屈氏聚落为例
No full text巴蜀地区的传统乡村以散村为主要形态,但这些分散的宅院背后的宗族关系长期被研究者忽视。关于散村形成、特征的研究不足导致保护不宜。基于对巴蜀风土建筑和聚落的广泛调研,作者发现位于四川泸县的宗族散村实例—屈氏聚落,进而对该聚落中留存还相对较多的物质遗存进行调查和历史研究,并结合屈氏自清初到民国近三个世纪的家族发展历程,尝试回答巴蜀宗族聚落为何形态分散,以及在散居情况下如何增强宗族结构的问题。文章最后讨论了揭示散村背后的宗族关系在风土建筑的历史研究和遗产保护方面的启示。Traditionally,the countryside in the Ba-Shu region was characterized by dispersed settlement patterns. However,the clan networks underlying these scattered houses have long been overlooked by researchers,leading to inadequate preservation practices. Drawing from the author’s extensive ethnographic-type fieldwork,this article focuses on a representative case of dispersed clan villages in Luxian,Sichuan Province,once inhabited by the QU family prior to the Land Reform. Building on a comprehensive census and historical investigation of the material remains within this settlement,combined with an analysis of the QU family’s development in nearly three centuries—from the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic era—this article examines why clan settlements in the Ba-Shu region tend to adopt dispersed patterns. It further explores the structure of this settlement. The article concludes by discussing the insights gained from uncovering the clan connections behind dispersed villages,particularly in the context of history and preservation of vernacular architecture
Italian Rural Architecture 意大利乡村建筑
No full text早于1964 年由奥地利裔建筑师伯纳德 ·鲁道夫斯基在纽约现代艺术博物馆举办的“没有建筑师的建筑”展览28 年,意大利理性主义建筑的倡导者和辩护人朱塞佩 · 帕加诺(1896—1945 年)与瓜涅罗 · 丹尼尔于1936 年在第六届米兰三年展中共同策划了“地中海盆地乡村建筑展”。该展览展出了380 幅乡村建筑的大幅黑白照片,其中大部分由两位策展人拍摄。《意大利乡村建筑》(米兰Ulrico Hoepli 出版社1936年版)是此次展览的图文实录。译者已获得出版社授权,对该书进行翻译。
本次发表的内容主要摘自书中试图回答“为什么研究乡村建筑”的引言部分——乡村建筑被视为体现功能理性的道德和美学价值的典范;结尾部分则引用了原书末尾对意大利乡村建筑美学特征的总结。原稿文字未分段,译者根据自己的理解并参考作者的其他文章进行了分段处理。
图片的选择和排序遵循作者在原书中间部分构建的意大利乡村建筑形式演变序列,即从茅草堆到双坡顶再到平屋顶的进化过程,同时选取了几则体现“形式产生源于实用需求”这一作者观点的案例,如敞廊、塔楼、室外楼梯等。图片以原书黑白照片与译者及他人新拍摄的照片相结合的方式呈现,并配以书中相应的文字。Twenty-eight yearsbefore Bernard Rudofsky’s (1905–1988) exhibition Architecture Without Architects at the Museum ofModern Art (MoMA) in New York in 1964, Italian architect Giuseppe Pagano (1896–1945), a pioneeringfigure and defender in the Italian RationalArchitecture (Architettura razionale) movement,co-curated the exhibition of Architettura ruralenel bacino del Mediterraneo (Rural Architecturein the Mediterranean Basin) with Guarniero Danielat the 6th Milan Triennial (Triennale di Milano)in 1936. The exhibition featured 380 large-formatblack-and-white photographs of rural architecture,the majority of which were taken by the curatorsthemselves. The book Architettura rurale Italiana(Rural Architecture in Italy, Milan: Ulrico Hoepli,1936) serves as the illustrated documentation ofthis exhibition.
The translator has obtained permissionfrom the publisher to render this work inChinese and English.The content presented in this article primarilyexcerpts from the introduction section of the book,which attempts to answer the question ‘Why studyrural architecture?’ Rural architecture is regarded asa paradigm that embodies the moral and aestheticvalues of functional rationality. The concludingsection quotes the summary at the end of the bookregarding the aesthetic characteristics of Italianrural architecture. Since the original manuscriptlacks paragraph breaks, the translator has dividedthe text into sections according to his interpretationand by referencing Pagano’s other works.
The selection and arrangement of photographs follow the evolutionary sequence of Italian rural architectural forms as outlined in the middle section of the original book, progressing from haystacks to double-pitched roofs and then to flat roofs. Several cases featuring loggias, towers, and external staircases are included to illustrate the authors’ argument that architectural forms evolve from practical needs. The illustration section presents both the original black-and-white photographs from the book and new ones taken by the translator along with various other photographers, accompanied by corresponding explanations drawn from the original text
From Huguang to Bashu: Types and Characteristics of Vernacular Courtyard Houses in the Bashu Region from the Perspective of Migration 湖广基型巴蜀衍化——移民视角下巴蜀风土宅院类型与特征
No full text明末清初大规模的“湖广填四川”移民活动对巴蜀地区的建筑产生了巨大影响。文章首先以方言为线索区分巴蜀土著与移民之别,结合历史图像和田野调查找到巴蜀土著风土宅院的原型,并发现移民在巴蜀地区的营建带有原乡风土建筑的特征,据此文章尝试对巴蜀地区的宅院进行分类,认为主要存在三种基型,分别与土著、两湖移民和客家移民相对应;这三种基型的形成及其在巴蜀的衍化过程,反映了不同方言片区建筑文化的相互影响、土著与移民的交流,以及移民对巴蜀地方条件的适应。文章最后以重庆江津陈宅为
例,经过分析发现过廊这一关键空间是由陈氏原乡湘中地区游亭空间衍化而形成的,可作为移民文化对巴蜀地区原有建筑产生影响的有力证据。The historical migration policy of ‘Huguang tian Sichuan’ (Huguang filling Sichuan) in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (c. 16th–17th centuries) had a significant impact on the architecture of the Bashu region (Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality centred around the Sichuan Basin). This article first distinguishes the geographical distribution of the indigenous Sichuan communities and the migrant communities based on dialect zoning. It then identifies the architectural prototypes of the indigenous vernacular courtyard houses in the Bashu region through historical images, field investigations, and the characteristics of migrant architecture. It reveals that these vernacular dwellings demonstrate distinctive features from their original regions. Upon these research outcomes, the article categorises the vernacular courtyard houses in the Bashu region into three prototypes, related to those built by the indigenous communities, migrant communities from the Lianghu region (Hubei and Hunan provinces), and those from the Hakka areas in the Minyuegan region (Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi provinces), respectively. The emergence of these three prototypes and their evolution in the Bashu region demonstrate the interactions between architectural cultures in different dialect zones, the exchanges between the indigenous and migrant communities, and the migrants’ adaptation to the local conditions. Finally, the article examines the Chen Family Residence in Jiangjin, Chongqing, pointing out that the baoting (embraced pavilion) space in the courtyard, which connects the halls and forms the primary ceremonial space along the central axis, evolved from the youting (pavilion) in central Hunan Province from which the Chen family migrated in the early Qing Dynasty. It is a compelling architectural evidence of the migration activities prompted by the ‘Huguang tian Sichuan’ policy
The Role of "Oral History" Method in the Study of Vernacular Architecture: The Interview with Chen Hongyou 口述史方法在风土建筑研究中的作用——以访谈重庆江津陈宅后人陈洪佑为例
No full text风土建筑史研究注重文献和实物的二重证据,对于一些保存状况堪忧、民间文献欠缺的风土宅院,口述史方法在研究建造背景、再现建筑场景和复原建筑形式三方面发挥了重要作用。文章以访谈重庆江津陈宅的后人陈洪佑为例,就以上三方面作用展开:首先,结合口述信息和地方志材料,梳理陈宅的修建过程和建造背景;其次,结合平面布局和关于各空间功能仪式的口述内容,分析其空间形制特征;最后,结合口述史和周边风土建筑特征对陈宅进行修复探索。Research on the history of vernacular architecture lies on the dual evidences of both literature and architecture. For some vernacular houses that are poorly preserved and lack of folk documentation, the “oral history” method plays an important role in investigating construction background, reproducing architectural scenes, and recovering architectural form. This article illustrates the three roles of the “oral history” method through the interview with Hongyou Chen, a descendant of the Chen family who built and lived in his courtyard house for generations. First, though combining the oral information and folk literature, the article sorts out the construction process of the Chen family residence and the family’s migration background. Second, it analyzes the layout feature of the house by mapping functions and rituals known from the interview. Third, it presents a hypothetical reconstruction design of the house based on its status, the oral information collected, and the characteristics of surrounding vernacular dwellings
- …
