1,722,001 research outputs found
On thirty imitative poems by Jiang Yan
Full text linkOne of the literary peculiarities of Jiang Yan (404-505) of Liang (梁) during the Southern Dynasty period (南朝) is that he was good at imitaing the poems of other poets. In Chinese literature, generally speaking, it is common thing to compose imitative poems; it is not a special thing seen only in the poems of Jiang Yan. His thirty imitative poems recorded in "Wen Xuan" (文選) are, nevertheless, different from those of such other poets as Lu Ji (陸機) and Xie Ling-Yun (謝靈運), both in the method and attitude of their composition. In this series of imitative poems, he did not intend to express his own feelings and thoughts, but by adopting the styles and themes of the poems chosen, he intended to make them as similar as possible to the poems of thirty poets from the Han (漢) to the Liu Song (劉宋). To do this, he used the same vocaburary and styles of the original poems. (This was quite different from most imitative poets who simply adopted a theme to follow in their "imitation".) By doing this, he intended, at the same time, to preset a history of literature from the Han to the Liu Song by means of the five-syllable poem. And I think that, judging from his goals in composing these poems, they were successful for the most part. Through this series of poems we see that Jiang Yan was not only a good poet, but he was also as equally excellent a historian of literatuse as was Shen Yue (沈約), a near contenporary. The reason why he could compose such poems, I am convinced, was that he had a peculiar ability to keep his own inner beeling out of his works. This talent is rather like that of a novelist vLrho creats fiction and yet does not impose his own feelings and situations upon his works. Another reason might be that his literary activity was apt to diversionary, and this attitude goes well togerther with his personal detatchment from his works. In short, while Jiang Yan is generally considered as being typical of the sentimenetal poets of the Six Dynasties (六朝), in these poems I think we see something quite different from the usual imitative poems
Imitations of the Self: Jiang Yan and Chinese Poetics
No full textImitations of the Self reevaluates the poetry of Jiang Yan (444–505), long underappreciated because of its pervasive reliance on allusion, by emphasizing the self-conscious artistry of imitation. In context of “imitation poetry,” the popular genre of the Six Dynasties era, Jiang’s work can be seen as the culmination of central trends in Six Dynasties poetry. His own life experiences are encoded in his poetry through an array of literary impersonations, reframed in traditional literary forms that imbue them with renewed significance. A close reading of Jiang Yan’s poetry demonstrates the need to apply models of interpretation to Chinese poetry that do justice to the multiplicity of authorial self-representation
Micro- and nano-encapsulation and controlled-release of phenolic compounds and other food ingredients:
No full textThe health promotive properties of phenolic compounds attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of their biological and pharmacological effects including antioxidative and cytoprotective functions. Green tea catechins and curcumin have been extensively studied and they both show strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but low bioavailability is always a problem. Therefore, effective delivery systems could be a solution to enhance their oral bioavailability.
In this study tea catechins were encapsulated in two W/O/W double emulsion systems, protein-polysaccharide complex coacervates and emulsifiers/polysaccharide stabilized double emulsion. Physicochemical characteristics were determined for both systems. The coacervate encapsulation achieved 90.5% encapsulation efficiency, and the other double emulsion reached 94.5% efficiency. Coacervate-encapsulated catechins were stable in artificial gastric juice, and could target-release catechins in small intestinal juice triggered by pH.
Curcumin was dissolved in medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and further emulsified in water. Curcumin nano-emulsions had average particle sizes of 150.5nm and 148.4nm for 1% and 1.5% curcumin, respectively. The encapsulation efficiencies were 77.5% for 1% curcumin emulsion and 71.5% for 1.5% emulsion. Oral administration of nano-emulsified curcumin could inhibit TPA-induced edema on mouse ears by 100%, and significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory factors IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-9, and cyclin D1 dose-responsively. The anti-inflammatory effects directly indicated enhanced bioavailability of curcumin.
Protein-polysaccharide coacervation was further applied to enzyme encapsulation. α-Amylase can form coacervate with κ-carrageenan under optimized conditions, and reach 99.3% encapsulation efficiency. Enzyme kinetics showed that encapsulation could strongly protect α-Amylase from acid denaturation, suggesting that the stoichiometric complexation of α-amylase did not alter the active binding sites of enzyme.
In summary, low cost, convenient and highly efficient encapsulation methods using food grade natural biopolymers have been developed to encapsulate nutraceuticals or enzyme. The encapsulation systems have protective, target-releasing, and bioavailability enhancing functions.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-130)by Yan Jian
Multiple multi-tier sustainable supply chain management: a social system theory perspective
Full text linkA multi-tier supply chain is a complex system as it covers a focal company and multiple tiers of suppliers in a complex supply chain network. This study explores the complexity in multi-tier sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) through a social systems theory perspective. We carried out a case study on IKEA China’s sustainable cotton initiative and examined its five cotton-textile supply chains. The primary data were collected through 22 semi-structured interviews with managers of IKEA China and their multi-tier suppliers. The findings suggest that in order to cope with environmental complexity in implementing multi-tier sustainable initiatives, focal companies tend to create both internal complexity and collaborative complexity in a variety of governance mechanisms. In addition, environmental overlap and available collaborative complexity increase in this process and can feed back into systems to facilitate further creation of requisite variety. We contribute to the multi-tier SSCM literature through providing an in-depth understanding of nuanced mechanisms of managing different tiers of suppliers to cope with complexities by adopting a social systems theory perspective. We also contribute to multi-tier supply chain governance mechanisms from an evolution perspective
Surface plasmon resonance sensor based at metallic subwavelength structures
No full textSimulated transmission spectrums and the change of the transmission peak position with the refractive index by the finite-difference time-domain method are present. The considered structure is the two-dimensional metallic square hole and trapezoid hole array, and the change of the transmission peak position with the refractive index can achieve about 1000 nm RIU-1. In comparison, the sensor properties of the metallic trapezoid hole array is better than that of the metallic square hole array. Meanwhile, the field intensity enhancement and localization of the metallic trapezoid hole are better. Meanwhile, these array structures can extensively apply to biochemical sensor devices design and localized field enhancement device so on. ? 2015 The Authors.SCI(E)[email protected]
- …
