210 research outputs found
Geochemical character and material source of sediments in the eastern Philippine Sea
No full textBased upon analyses of grain-size, rare earth element (REE) compositions, elemental occurrence phases of REE, and U-series isotopic dating, the sediment characteristics and material sources of the study area were examined for the recently formed deep-sea clays in the eastern Philippine Sea. The analytical results are summarized as follows. (1) Low accumulation rate, poor sorting and roundness, and high contents of grains coarser than fine silt indicate relatively low sediment input, with localized material source without long distance transport. (2) The REE Contents are relatively high. Shale-normalized patterns of REE indicate weak enrichment in heavy REE (HREE), Ce-passive anomaly, and Eu-positive anomaly. (3) Elemental occurrence phases of REE between the sediments with and without crust are similar. REE mainly concentrate in residual phase and then in ferromanganese oxide phase. The light REE (LREE) enrichment, Ce-positive anomaly, and Eu-positive anomaly occur in residual phase. Ferromanganese oxide phase shows the characteristics of relatively high HREE content and Ce-passive anomaly. (4) There are differences in each above mentioned aspect between the sediments with and without ferromanganese crust. (5) Synthesizing the above characteristics and source discriminant analysis, the study sediments are deduced to mainly result from the alteration of local and nearby volcanic materials. Continental materials transported by wind and/or river (ocean) flows also have minor contributions
An optimality account of tone-vowel interaction in Northern Min
No full textThis dissertation aims at constructing a fully articulated theory of tone-vowel interaction within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). It examines the nature of this phenomenon in Northern Min languages, as well as various Southeast Asian languages. The questions addressed are (i) what is the nature of tone-vowel interaction? (ii) how do they relate to each other? Two important findings emerge from the investigation. First, tonal types and syllable types are closely related to each other. That is, different groups of tones occur only in a certain kind of syllables. These cooccurrence restrictions are identified as a correlation between tonal contour and syllable weight. Second, tone does not directly affect vowel distributions and alternations. Rather, it is the relative syllable positions in which a vowel occurs and the number of segments present in a syllable that trigger vowel distributions and alternations. These findings lead to the conclusion that tone and vowel do not interact directly and that there is no feature-to-feature correlation between them. Their interaction lies in the prosodic anchor mediating between them. To account for the correlation between tonal contour and syllable weight and the close relationship between syllable structures and vowel features, I propose a prosodic anchor hypothesis which attributes the tone-vowel interaction to the mora and its function as an anchor for both tone and vowel.
The theory proposed in this thesis contains two sets of constraints. The first set governs linking of tones to moras. The examination of moras as tone-bearing units shows that moras differ with respect to how many and what kind of tones they may bear. Thus, Head Binarity (i.e. a nuclear mora must bear two tones) accounts for the quantitative distinction between tonal contours and syllable weight in Fuzhou, whereas the tonal sonority hierarchy (i.e. *+UPPER* > *-RAISED*) and their harmonic association to the moraic structures (i.e. the constraint ranking *NUC/[-RSD] >> *NUC/[+UPR]) explain the phenomenon of a L tone restricted to the non-nuclear mora in Fuqing. I further show that the interaction of the constraints is capable of deriving the unmarkedness of tonal systems, as well as the cross-linguistic variation of tonal distributions.
The second set of constraints regulates the relation between syllable structures and vowel features. It has been observed that linking of vowel features to prosodic anchor in tight syllables is more restrictive than in loose syllables. This asymmetry is expected under the prosodic anchor hypothesis since the tight syllables are argued to contain one less mora than the loose ones. I further demonstrate that the interaction of the basic syllable structure constraints with the faithfulness constraints can automatically derive the vowel distribution patterns.
Two kinds of stress effects on tone-vowel interaction are identified. First, stressed syllables always preserve their lexical specifications (either tonal or segmental). Second, the vocalic changes in unstressed syllables (i.e. the non-final syllable of a domain) involve reduction of syllable weight. These stress effects can be captured by the constraints Prominence Alignment and Prominence Reduction, respectively. The former assigns a metrical grid to a rightmost syllable, hence preserving its lexical properties, while the latter prohibits a stressed syllable from having two moras. I show that these constraints, interacting with the constraints on syllabification, can successfully derive vowel alternating pairs in disyllabic words.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Ping Jiang-KingJiang-King, P. (1996). An optimality account of tone-vowel interaction in northern min. Thesis (Ph. D. -- University of British Columbia)This work was supported by two research grants awarded to Doug Pulleyblank by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC No. 410-91-0204 and 410-94-0035)
Pathogenic Profile Characteristics and Clinical Risk Factor Analysis of Patients Who Died from Sepsis Combined with Pulmonary Infection by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing
No full textShao-Xiong Chen, Ri Lin, Jiang-Long Shi, Wei Lin, Xing-Feng Yu, Jia-Yi Chen Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fuqing Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuqing, Fujian, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jia-Yi Chen; Xing-Feng Yu, Fuqing Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Qingrong Road No. 267, Fuqing, Fujian, 350300, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 139 5912 0913, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Sepsis is one of the major diseases that seriously threatens human health, and its incidence and in-hospital morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Applying metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology to analyze the differences in pathogenic profiles and clinical factors in patients surviving and dying from sepsis combined with pulmonary infections provides diagnostic value and application for clinical purposes.Methods: Sixty-three BALF samples from patients with sepsis combined with pulmonary infection from Fuqing Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University were collected, and all of them were tested by simultaneous mNGS and conventional microbial combined test (CMT) to compare the pathogenic profiles and clinical indices of patients who survived and died of sepsis combined with pulmonary infection and to further compare the diagnostic differences between mNGS and CMT in patients who survived and died of sepsis combined with pulmonary infection. We analyzed the diagnostic value of mNGS for sepsis combined with pulmonary infection.Results: A total of 141 strains of pathogens were isolated from 63 samples of patients with sepsis combined with pneumonia at suspected infection sites, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are predominant, and higher ApacheII, LAC, P and PT are all risk factors affecting the death of septic patients.Conclusion: Applying the mNGS method to patients with sepsis combined with pneumonia can improve the positive detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms and focus on death-related risk factors such as pathogenic bacteria species as well as clinical laboratory indices, which can guide clinicians to take appropriate measures to treat patients with sepsis and reduce the occurrence of death.Keywords: sepsis, mNGS, clinical diagnosis, death, risk factor
Planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca and benthic foraminifera δ18O of sediment core MD06-3047B
No full textMg/Ca ratios measured on 50-60 shells of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber alba. Shells were picked from the 250-300 micrometer size fraction and occasionally from the 200-250 if not enough specimens were available from the 250-300 fraction. Sea water temperature estimates were calculated using the following equation T = ln(Mg/Ca/0.30)/0.089 (doi:10.1126/science.289.5485.1719). Stable oxygen isotope ratios were measured on planktonic (Globigerinoides ruber alba) and benthic foraminifera (Cibicides wuellerstorfi). 25-30 shells from the 250-300 micrometer size fraction were used for each measurement on planktonic foraminifera and 5-8 specimens from the 300-355 micrometer size fraction for benthic foraminifera
Large deviations for stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion
No full textAbstractA joint large deviation principle for G-Brownian motion and its quadratic variation process is presented. The rate function is not a quadratic form due to quadratic variation uncertainty. A large deviation principle for stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion is also established
Deviation inequalities for quadratic Wiener functionals and moderate deviations for parameter estimators
No full textLarge deviations for stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion
No full textA joint large deviation principle for G-Brownian motion and its quadratic variation process is presented. The rate function is not a quadratic form due to quadratic variation uncertainty. A large deviation principle for stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion is also established.Large deviations G-Brownian motion G-stochastic differential equation
Moderate deviations for squared radial Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
No full textWe study moderate deviations for maximum likelihood estimators of parameters in generalized squared radial Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. The moderate deviation principles of the two parameters are established.
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