1,720,995 research outputs found
The use of know-how on the interaction between grapevine and pests or diseases to improve integrated protection strategies
No full textFertility, longevity, oviposition dynamic and sex-ratio of Scaphoideus titanus Ball
Full text linkThe Nearctic leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), was accidentally introduced into Europe and has become a vector of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’ which
causes “Flavescence dorée” disease of grapevine. To increase the efficiency of S. titanus control, a phenology model was developed to simulate the successive occurrences of egg hatching, nymphal instars and adult emergence (Rigamonti et al. 2011). This model is a useful tool for adaptive management of vineyard populations and was extended to a multiannual infestation pattern model that could be used for strategic purposes, policy design and research work (Rigamonti et al., 2013). In field application, the model requires the quantification of various biological parameters of S. titanus to estimate the population density. These parameters include fecundity rate, the oviposition dynamic and the longevity of females. A field study was undertaken during two years with the aim to quantify the number of eggs contained in the abdomen of females collected using two different methods,
yellow sticky traps and frappage. The sex ratio analysis confirmed the protandry of S. titanus independently of the sampling technique although the percentage of males was higher for a longer time on the yellow sticky traps placed horizontally inside the vine canopy. On average, 7.6±1.5 eggs/female were found between July and October 2012 and 8.6±1.51 eggs/female during the same period in 2013. At the beginning of the adult emergence, more than 98% of the females did not have eggs and this percentage decreased regularly and rapidly during the first three weeks after emergence began and remained between 0% and a maximum of 13% until October. The number of eggs showed an important variability, but most females had between 6 and 10 eggs. To explain the dynamic observed in the field, a second study was conducted in the lab, in cages at a constant temperature of
23°C. The aim was to quantify female longevity and oviposition duration and rate. The results confirmed that the females began oviposition on average only 8±2 days after mating and their longevity was in average 61±24 days. During this time, the oviposition was in average of 37.6±23.3 eggs/female and the dead females contained in average of 13±6 eggs. These preliminary results indicate that the data reported in the literature underestimated both the real oviposition potentiality of the females and their longevity. Thus, it seems necessary to undertake a specific study to quantify these parameters at different temperatures
Impact of four years application of the minimal fingicide strategy for downy mildew control on the plant recovering capacities of Vitis vinifera cv Merlot
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Precise Agriculture: Effective Deep Learning Strategies to Detect Pest Insects
No full textPest insect monitoring and control is crucial to ensure a safe and profitable crop growth in all plantation types, as well as guarantee food quality and limited use of pesticides. We aim at extending traditional monitoring by means of traps, by involving the general public in reporting the presence of insects by using smartphones. This includes the largely unexplored problem of detecting insects in images that are taken in noncontrolled conditions. Furthermore, pest insects are, in many cases, extremely similar to other species that are harmless. Therefore, computer vision algorithms must not be fooled by these similar insects, not to raise unmotivated alarms. In this work, we study the capabilities of state-of-the-art (SoA) object detection models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the task of detecting beetle-like pest insects on nonhomogeneous images taken outdoors by different sources. Moreover, we focus on disambiguating a pest insect from similar harmless species. We consider not only detection performance of different models, but also required computational resources. This study aims at providing a baseline model for this kind of tasks. Our results show the suitability of current SoA models for this application, highlighting how FasterRCNN with a MobileNetV3 backbone is a particularly good starting point for accuracy and inference execution latency. This combination provided a mean average precision score of 92.66% that can be considered qualitatively at least as good as the score obtained by other authors that adopted more specific models
Influence of pruning wood management and suckering on Scaphoideus titanus Ball density in two distinct wine-growing area
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Analyse de la structure génétique des populations du mildiou de la vigne (Plasmopara viticola)
No full textIntegrated Protection and Production in Viticulture
No full textThese last years were marked by increased problems of flavescence dorée in vineyards
leading to an increased activity of our research group on it, and the emergence of new models,
as well as the arrival of Lobesia botrana in the United States and of Drosophila suzukii in
Europe. I hope we will contain any invasion of pierce disease in Europe in the vineyards.
I wish we would see one day efficient biological agents against pathogens, and soon the
development of molecular tools for early diagnostics in the vineyards and in reservoir host.
It is noteworthy that new organisation of the meetings with a plenary session dedicated to
IPM allowed to exchange more between entomologist and pathologist and I hope it was in
favour to the transfer of the knowledge and methods into practice.
We had the pleasure during these last meetings to see more countries participating,
especially people outside from the WPRS area, which highlights how the European viticulture
and vine protection is attractive and our group is active. I sincerely thank my colleagues who
helped me during these years for managing the different sub-groups: Cesare Gessler, Hans
Kassemeyer, Andrea Lucchi, Michael Meixner, Denis Thiery, Tirtza Zahavi, Carlo Duso, and
Christoph Hoffmann. I greatly appreciate their help and experience in animating the meetings,
in sharing their knowledge, in reviewing the papers, but also their friendship which makes our
IOBC meetings so friendly. I also would like to thank our two liaison officers Sylvia Blümel
and Mauro Jermini who were or are the warrantors of the IOBC institution. But of course, the
group is there because people dedicate a lot of their time to organise the meetings. Then I
would like to give a particular thank to Hans, Denis, Cesare, Gudrun and all their staff, for
organising the meetings, taking the financial risk, to make them so that we only keep in
memory the beautiful adventures of sharing knowledge and good wines and of encounters
with local people involved into viticulture and passionate by it.
This bulletin is the shortest we had since these last seven years (Figure 1) and it
highlights that because the stakes of science are increasingly competitive it became more
complicated to publish in grey literature. Maybe more systematic publications or special
issues in the Biocontrol journal or others could help to perpetuate the production of our
IOBC-WPRS group.
The reduction of pesticides and Biological control, which is the heart of IOBC-WPRS, is
becoming more and more evident in the European legislation, especially for viticulture. But it will probably be necessary for our
group to open up to new themes such as plant-pathogen interactions, varietal resistance,
biodiversity, ecology, precision viticulture, diagnostic tools and participatory science. Our
winegrowers are always more innovative to make new wines, let us be the same for an agroecological
viticulture
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