830 research outputs found
Near-anoxia, hypoxia, and 1-methylcyclopropene improve long-term storage potential of Cortland and McIntosh apples
No full textThe potential of oxygen and temperature acclimation using sequential controlled atmosphere (SeCA), or Initial Low Oxygen Stress (ILOS) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was investigated to improve quality retention in 'Cortland' and 'McIntosh', two apple cultivars poorly adapted to long-term storage. Good firmness retention and few storage disorders were evident in 'McIntosh' after 174 days storage in SeCA (O2 and CO 2 approximately halved every 58 days) in which temperature also was lowered from 3°C to 0°C. With 'Cortland' apples a combination of ILOS and 1-MCP resulted in retention of harvest firmness and extremely low incidence of physiological disorders, especially superficial scald. Quebec-grown 'Cortland' stored continuously at 0°C developed low temperature breakdown (LTB). Neither 1-MCP nor ILOS prevented its development. However, in 'McIntosh' an acclimation period of at least 30 days at 3° prior to storage at 0°C successfully inhibited development of LTB and also eliminated core browning, a low temperature-related disorder
In conversation: transgenerational attachment trauma, the infant, and the family therapist
No full textThis paper shares a far-ranging set of conversations between professors Jennifer McIntosh, Louise Newman, and Carol George, all child and family practitioners, and infant mental health (IMH) and attachment specialists. They explore the domain of infant–family work with high-risk populations experiencing complex relational and intergenerational trauma. George and McIntosh discuss the intersection between family therapy and IMH from an attachment perspective. They explore what family therapy can offer to supporting coherence in caregiving states of mind, beyond the offerings of traditional dyadic mother–baby models of intervention. They highlight the infant's contribution to family work, and the application of attachment theory in a family therapy context. Newman and McIntosh discuss a sensitive and graded approach to high-risk family work with an infant. Newman reflects on when and whom to invite to a family session and the power of enabling the family to speak the unspeakable in the presence of the baby, supporting a future focused path for trauma integration and recovery. For family therapists who may be new to IMH work, there are some important offerings about integrating these fields, bringing into play the family therapist's deep grasp of curiosity, circularity, and capacity to reconceptualise with an IMH perspective on early relational trauma
Postharvest physiological disorders, diseases and mineral concentrations of organically and conventionally grown McIntosh and Cortland apples
No full text Environmental effects and human health risks associated with synthetic chemicals has prompted several apple growers to convert to organic production. Postharvest physiological disorders, diseases and mineral concentrations of organically and conventionally grown McIntosh and Cortland apples stored in refrigerated (3 °C) ambient air and controlled atmospheres were evaluated for 2 consecutive years. More of the conventionally grown apples were marketable after storage. Organically grown apples had higher incidence of storage rots, apple scab and russetting. Production method did not influence core browning. Organically grown McIntosh stored in ambient air for 8 mo had the highest incidence of senescent breakdown. Conventionally grown McIntosh stored in CA for 8 mo had the highest incidence of internal browning. Conventionally grown McIntosh stored in air had a higher incidence of scald than organically grown McIntosh. After 4 mo of storage in air, organically grown McIntosh had a higher incidence of splitting. Production method did not influence calcium or magnesium concentrations. Organically grown apples had higher phosphorus and potassium concentrations and lower nitrogen concentrations. Key words: Malus domestica, organic apple production, controlled atmosphere, storage disorders, storage rots, whole fruit mineral concentrations </jats:p
A commentary on infant mental health knowledge within the training of family therapists
No full textThis paper considers the role of academic training programs in the integration of family therapy and infant mental health (IMH) curricula. It takes the form of a conversation between senior academic staff of the Bouverie Centre in Australia and the special issue editors. Robyn Elliott and Colleen Cousins are family therapists, trauma specialists, and academics at the Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University. Robyn supervises the development and delivery of the Master of Clinical Family Therapy, accredited by the Australian Association of Family Therapy. Colleen is a psychologist and family therapist and coordinates the Graduate Certificate of Family Therapy program. They are in dialogue here with the special issue co-editors, Jessica Opie and Jennifer McIntosh. We consider the degree to which current family therapy training holds the infant in mind, and approaches to deepening the future training nexus between IMH and family therapy
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Quantifying the Role of Hydrologic Variability in Soil Carbon Flux
No full textSoil carbon (C) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool. While inputs to this system are fairly well constrained, the diverse factors driving soil C efflux remain poorly understood. Carbon in surface soils is mobilized via two distinct pathways: CO₂ gas flux and dissolved C flux. The goal of this study was to quantify the role of hydrologic variability in mobilizing carbon as gaseous and dissolved fluxes from near-surface soils, and to determine their relative magnitudes. Data were collected through 2010 and 2011 from two subalpine sites in Arizona and New Mexico. I observed no significant variability in dissolved fluxes, and these values were low at all sites. In contrast, CO₂ fluxes were large (from 0.22 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ to 5.27 g C m⁻² d⁻¹) and varied between sites and between years. My results suggest that in arid montane forests soil carbon flux is critically linked to water availability.Release after 31-Jan-201
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Elemental and Isotope Geochemistry of Appalachian Fluids: Constraints on Basin-Scale Brine Migration, Water-Rock Reactions, Microbial Processes, and Natural Gas Generation
No full textThis study utilizes new geochemical analyses of fluids (formation water and gas) collected predominately from Devonian organic-rich shales and reservoir sandstones from the northern Appalachian Basin margin to investigate basin scale hydrologic processes, water-rock reactions, microbial activity, and natural gas generation. Elemental and isotopic composition of co-produced formation waters and natural gas show that the majority of methane in Devonian organic-rich shales and reservoir sandstones is thermogenic in origin with localized accumulations of microbial gas. Microbial methanogenesis appears to be primarily limited by redox buffered conditions favoring microbial sulfate reduction. Thermal maturity (bioavailability) of shale organic matter and the paucity of formation waters may also explain the lack of extensive microbial methane accumulations. Iodine and strontium isotopes, coupled to elemental chemistry demonstrate basin scale fluid flow and clay mineral diagenesis. Evidence for this is based on anomalously high ¹²⁹I/I values sourced from uranium deposits (fissiogenic production of ¹²⁹I) at the structural front of the Appalachian Basin. Radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (up to 0.7220), and depleted boron and potassium concentrations support smectite clay diagenesis at temperatures greater than 120 °C. The development of fissiogenic ¹²⁹I as a tracer of basin scale fluid flow is a novel application of iodine isotopes provided that the sources of cosmogenic and anthropogenic ¹²⁹I are reasonably well constrained. The anomalously high ¹²⁹I/I in Appalachian Basin brines may be alternatively explained by microbial fractionation based on a correlation with decreasing δ¹³C-DIC values and decreasing sulfate concentrations in the range of sulfate reduction. These results demonstrate that the microbial fractionation of iodine isotopes may be possible and an important consideration when interpreting ¹²⁹I/I, regardless of the source of ¹²⁹I. Results from this study have important implications for understanding the controls on and origins of natural gas production in sedimentary basins; tectonically and topographically driven basin scale fluid flow, including diagenetically induced waterrock reactions and mineral ore deposition related to orogenesis; and an improvement of the use of iodine isotopes for understanding large scale fluid flow, and possibly its use as a tracer of organic matter diagenesis and the distribution of radionuclides in the environment
The Persistence of Brines in Sedimentary Basins
No full textBrines are commonly found at depth in sedimentary basins. Many of these brines are known to be connate waters that have persisted since the early Paleozoic Era. Yet questions remain about their distribution and mechanisms for retention at depth in the Earth's crust. Here we demonstrate that there is insufficient topography to drive these dense fluids from the bottom of deep sedimentary basins. Our assessment based on driving force ratio indicates that sedimentary basins with driving force ratio > 1 contain connate waters and frequently host large evaporite deposits. These stagnant conditions appear to be relatively stable over geological time and insensitive to factors such as glaciations, erosion, compaction, and hydrocarbon generation.NSERC [RGPIN-2017-05568]; National Science Foundation [EAR-1322805]; W.M. Keck Foundation6 month embargo; published online: 08 May 2018This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
A Mountain‐Front Recharge Component Characterization Approach Combining Groundwater Age Distributions, Noble Gas Thermometry, and Fluid and Energy Transport Modeling
No full textMountain-front recharge (MFR), or all inflow to a basin-fill aquifer with its source in the mountain block, is an important component of recharge to basin-fill aquifer systems. Distinguishing and quantifying the surface from subsurface components of MFR is necessary for water resource planning and management, particularly as climate change may impact these components in distinct ways. This study tests the hypothesis that MFR components can be distinguished in long-screened, basin-fill production wells by (1) groundwater age and (2) the median elevation of recharge. We developed an MFR characterization approach by combining age distributions in six wells using tritium, krypton-85, argon-39, and radiocarbon, and median recharge elevations from noble gas thermometry combined with numerical experiments to determine recharge temperature lapse rates using flow and energy transport modeling. We found that groundwater age distributions provided valuable information for characterizing the dominant flow system behavior captured by the basin-fill production wells. Tracers indicated the presence of old (i.e., no detectable tritium) water in a well completed in weathered bedrock located close to the mountain front. Two production wells exhibited age distributions of binary mixing between modern and a small fraction of old water, whereas the remaining wells captured predominantly modern flow paths. Noble gas thermometry provided important complementary information to the age distributions; however, assuming constant recharge temperature lapse rates produced improbable recharge elevations. Numerical experiments suggest that surface MFR, if derived from snowmelt, can locally suppress water table temperatures in the basin-fill aquifer, with implications for recharge elevations estimated from noble gas thermometry. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.National Science Foundation6 month embargo; first published online 11 December 2020This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
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Fate(s) of Injected CO₂ in a Coal-Bearing Formation, Louisiana, Gulf Coast Basin: Chemical and Isotopic Tracers of Microbial-Brine-Rock-CO₂ Interactions
No full textCoal beds are one of the most promising reservoirs for geologic carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration, as CO₂ can strongly adsorb onto organic matter and displace methane; however, little is known about the long-term fate of CO₂ sequestered in coal beds. The "2800' sand" of the Olla oil field is a coal-bearing, oil and gas-producing reservoir of the Paleocene–Eocene Wilcox Group in north-central Louisiana. In the 1980s, this field, specifically the 2800' sand, was flooded with CO₂ in an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project, with 9.0×10⁷m³ of CO₂ remaining in the 2800' sand after injection ceased. This study utilized isotopic and geochemical tracers from co-produced natural gas, oil and brine from reservoirs located stratigraphically above, below and within the 2800' sand to determine the fate of the remaining EOR-CO₂, examining the possibilities of CO₂ migration, dissolution, mineral trapping, gas-phase trapping, and sorption to coal beds, while also testing a previous hypothesis that EOR-CO₂ may have been converted by microbes (CO₂-reducing methanogens) into methane, creating a microbial "hotspot". Reservoirs stratigraphically-comparable to the 2800' sand, but located in adjacent oil fields across a 90-km transect were sampled to investigate regional trends in gas composition, brine chemistry and microbial activity. The source field for the EOR-CO₂, the Black Lake Field, was also sampled to establish the δ¹³C-CO₂ value of the injected gas (0.9‰ +/- 0.9‰). Four samples collected from the Olla 2800' sand produced CO₂-rich gas with δ¹³C-CO₂ values (average 9.9‰) much lower than average (pre-injection) conditions (+15.9‰, average of sands located stratigraphically below the 2800' sand in the Olla Field) and at much higher CO₂ concentrations (24.9 mole %) than average (7.6 mole %, average of sands located stratigraphically below the 2800' sand in the Olla Field), suggesting the presence of EOR-CO₂ and gas-phase trapping as a major storage mechanism. Using δ¹³C values of CO₂ and dissolved organic carbon (DIC), CO₂ dissolution was also shown to be a major storage mechanism for 3 of the 4 samples from the Olla 2800' sand. Minor storage mechanisms were shown to be migration, which only affected 2 samples (from 1 well), and some EOR-CO₂ conversion to microbial methane for 3 of the 4 Olla 2800' sand samples. Since methanogenesis was not shown to be a major storage mechanism for the EOR-CO₂ in the Olla Field (CO₂ injection did not stimulate methanogenesis), samples were examined from adjacent oil fields to determine the cause of the Olla microbial "hot-spot". Microbial methane was found in all oil fields sampled, but indicators of methanogenesis (e.g. alkalinity, high δ¹³C-DIC values) were the greatest in the Olla Field, and the environmental conditions (salinity, pH, temperature) were most ideal for microbial CO₂ reduction in the Olla field, compared to adjacent fields
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Mapping Fresh And Brackish Groundwater To Inform Better Management Of Decreasing Groundwater Levels In The Willcox Basin, SE Arizona
No full textAdoption of the recent Lower-Colorado River Basin Drought Contingency Plan will make Arizona more dependent on groundwater to meet water resource demands (Colorado River Drought Contingency Plan Authorization Act 2019). Knowing the extent and distribution of fresh and brackish groundwater in relation to existing wells and water table elevations would enable water managers and users to better quantify how much water is available. This study focuses on the Willcox Basin in southeastern Arizona, where groundwater levels have experienced and continue to experience significant declines, yet there is increasingly high demand for groundwater for irrigated agriculture. The current water table is approaching the terminal depths of numerous wells in some locations. Based on the lithology and data obtained from local wells, the saturated thickness of fresh groundwater averages 280 ft across the basin. Near the Willcox Playa, the saturated thickness of brackish water averages 100 ft; no other brackish groundwater was found with depth from wells in other parts of the basin. It is still unknown how much deeper the fresh water extends, or if water becomes brackish with depth, because the data are limited by a lack of deep wells in the basin, and a similar lack of geophysical surveys
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