977 research outputs found
Bennett Reimer Papers
No full textBennett Reimer (born 1932), a wind player, music educator and noted author, held the John W. Beattie Endowed Chair in Music position at Northwestern University where he was Chair of Music Education Department, Director of the Ph.D Program in Music Education, and founder and Director of the Center for the Study of Education and the Musical Experience.The collection consists of published books and accompanying materials, unpublished works, journal articles, guest lecture materials and drafts of speeches given by Reimer, and materials related to books Reimer published for Silver-Burdett Music. This collection is unprocessed; an inventory is available upon request
A molecular perspective on carbon capture
No full textLimiting carbon output is indeed one route to a sustainable future, but in parallel, what if the waste carbons could be efficiently recaptured and effectively recycled—i.e., flipping carbon from a waste to a resource? Unlike separating plastic containers from a bin, extracting gaseous carbon dioxide and monoxide (among other products) from the atmosphere is a large-scale problem that requires molecular solutions. Herein, Jeff Reimer discusses the challenges, opportunities, and emerging material technologies for carbon capture
Incorporating commodity stockholding into a general equilibrium model of the global economy
No full textThomas W. Hertel, Jeffrey J. Reimer and Ernesto Valenzuel
Antipathozoanthus hickmani Reimer & Fujii 2010, sp. n.
No full textAntipathozoanthus hickmani sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BC6BFB57-105C-4EC4-AEF4-87CC8B33DBDE Figures 1, 5, 7, 9, Tables 1, 2, 3 Etymology. Named after Dr. Cleveland Hickman, Jr., who graciously invited the first author to the Galápagos, and collected the first specimens of this new species. Noun in the genitive case. Material examined. Type locality: Ecuador, Galapagos: Floreana I., La Batielle, 1.2904°S 90.4989°W. Holotype: Specimen number MHNG-INVE-67495. Colony of approximately 40 polyps connected by well-developed coenenchyme on two branches of Antipathes galapagensis Diechmann, 1941 branches. Both branches approximately 7 cm long. Polyps approximately 1.5–4.0 mm in diameter, and approximately 1.0–6.0 mm in height from coenenchyme. Coenenchyme covers branches of antipatharian. Polyps and coenenchyme sand encrusted, cream-yellow in color. Collected from La Batielle, Floreana I., Galapagos, Ecuador, at 31.4 m by A. Chiriboga (AC), March 13, 2007. Preserved in 99.5% ethanol. Paratypes (all from Galapagos, Ecuador): Paratype 1. Specimen number CMNH-ZG 05883. Collected from Roca Onan, Pinzon I., at 27 m by AC, March 14, 2007. Figure ļ. Antipathozoanthus hickmani sp. n. in situ in the Galapagos. a holotype MHNG-INVE-67495 showing the entire colony covering an Antipathes galapagensis, with living antipatharians visible in the background. Image by Angel Chiriboga (AC) b specimen MISE 441 at Don Ferdi, Bainbridge Rocks, Santiago I., at 23 m by JDR, March 9, 2007 c and d specimen MISE 474, Roca Onan. Pinzon I., at 35 m by AC. All scale bars: 1 cm except in a (10 cm). Paratype 2. Specimen number USNM 1134064. Collected from Cousins Rock, at 28 m by James D. Reimer (JDR), March 10, 2007. Other material (all from Galapagos, Ecuador): MISE 03-221, Cousins Rock, at 12 m by AC on October 9, 2003; MISE 03-539, Cousins Rock, at 20 m by CH on November 11, 2003; MISE 03-549, Cousins Rock, at 23 m by CH on November 11, 2003; MISE 04-341, Elizabeth Bay, Isabela I., at 25 m by G. Edgar (GE) on December 2, 2003; MISE 440, Don Ferdi, Bainbridge Rocks, at 22 m by JDR, March 9, 2007; MISE 441, Don Ferdi, Bainbridge Rocks, at 23 m by JDR, March 9, 2007; MISE 444, Cousins Rock, Galapagos, Ecuador, at 21 m JDR, March 10, 2007; MISE 474, La Batielle, Floreana I., at 35 m by AC, March 14, 2007. Sequences. See Table 1. Description. Size: Polyps in situ approximately 4–12 mm in diameter when open, and approximately 4–15 mm in height. Morphology: Antipathozoanthus hickmani has approximately 40 bright yellow and/ or red tentacles, with long red, yellow, or cream-colored polyps that extend well clear of the coenenchyme (Figure 1). Tentacles are almost always longer than the expanded oral disk diameter. Cnidae: Basitrichs and microbasic p-mastigophores (often difficult to distinguish), holotrichs (large and medium), spirocysts (see Table 2, Figure 9). Table ļ. Examined zoanthid specimens for new species from the Galapagos Islands, and GenBank Accession Numbers. NA = not available or data not acquired. aSpecimens with the designations such as 03-560 are from 2001-2004 surveys (see Reimer et al. 2008b). Other specimens are from 2007 and have either specimen numbers (e.g. 471) in JDR’s collection, or museum type specimen numbers as given. Abbreviations: USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA, CMNH: Chiba Prefectural Natural History Museum, Japan, MHNG: Natural History Museum of Geneva, Switzerland, MISE: Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. bLatitude and longitude values that are negative represent South and West values respectively, while positive values (latitude only) represent North values. cCollector abbreviations: CH = C. Hickman, Jr., LV = L. Vinueza, AC = A. Chiriboga, GE = G. Edgar, JDR = JD Reimer, RP = R. Pepolas, FL = F. Liss, BR = B. Riegl, DR = D. Ruiz, FR = F. Riveiria, OB = O. Breedy, MV = M. Vera. Differential diagnosis. Differs from Antipathozoanthus macaronesicus (Ocaña & Brito, 2004) (with regards to distribution; Galapagos as opposed to Cape Verde), coloration (no red or cream colors observed in A. macaronesicus), substrate (Antipathes galapagensis as opposed to Tanacetipathes cavernicola Opresko, 2001). Other morphologically similar and undescribed zoanthids (epizoic on antipatharians, similar sizes, yellowish in color) have been recorded from Madagascar and Japan (specimens in JDR’s collection), although these other specimens were found on different antipatharian species than Antipathozoanthus hickmani, and were never red or cream in color. Antipathozoanthus hickmani is the only zoanthid in the Galápagos found on living Antipathes galapagensis (Table 3). Habitat and distribution. All collected samples from Galapagos were on the black coral Antipathes galapagensis, at depths of 12 m to 35 m. Although A. galapagensis is found throughout the archipelago, Antipathozoanthus hickmani colonies were observed only at Santiago, Floreana, Isabela and Pinzon Islands, and it may be that this genus has a patchy distribution in the Galápagos. A. hickmani is potentially also found at Isla del Coco (Costa Rica) on the same antipatharian species, based on Museo de Zoologia, University of Costa Rica specimen UCR 827, although this has yet to be confirmed with detailed examinations. Biology and associated species. Antipathozoanthus hickmani may cover only a portion of a living Antipathes galapagensis black coral colony, or cover the entire colony, suggesting this species may be parasitic. Some A. hickmani specimens were found on completely dead A. galapagensis colonies or branches. Notes. Previously mentioned in Reimer et al. (2008b, 2010) and Hickman (2008) as Parazoanthus sp. G1.Published as part of Reimer, James & Fujii, Takuma, 2010, Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galapagos Islands, pp. 1-36 in ZooKeys 42 (42) on pages 6-14, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.42.378, http://zenodo.org/record/57665
Software for qualitative research: 2. Some thoughts on ‘aiding’ analysis
No full textIn this paper the author examines how Korea's export-oriented economy has laid its new foundation for global competitiveness by deepening interfirm linkages. Korea's interfirm linkages refer mainly to the relationship between large and small firms. Recent corporate restructuring in the large and small firm sectors has caused denser and highly dynamic intercorporate networks to arise. The author argues that the globalizing of economy in Korea is encouraged by efficacious global - local transactions via large - small firm networks, a matter ignored by most analysts. Major foci are on analyzing the forms, structures, governing mechanisms, and function of large - small firm networks
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A Phenomenological Study of High-Field Optically Pumped 13C NMR in Diamond
No full textNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful spectroscopic technique capable of probing the local electronic environment in a wide array of materials. The sensitivity of an NMR experiment is proportional to a net nuclear spin polarization that is often generated by placing the sample of interest in a static external magnetic field and allowing the spin state populations to come to thermal equilibrium. Unfortunately these thermal polarizations are exceedingly small. Even with a 23.5 Tesla magnet, the strongest currently available, the room temperature 1H polarization is only 0.0081%. Significant sensitivity enhancements can be achieved by hyperpolarizing the nuclear spin system. Transferring polarization from electrons to nuclei, also known as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), is one method by which this hyperpolarization is achieved. Optically pumped NMR (OPNMR) is a form of DNP, which uses laser light to athermally polarize a reservoir of electron spins which in turn athermally polarize coupled nuclei. For much of its history solid state OPNMR involved transferring polarization from photo-excited conduction electrons to hyperfine coupled nuclei in zincblende semiconductors at temperatures ≤ ~80 K. Within the last decade it was found that OPNMR of 15N, 14N, and 13C in single crystal diamond is possible via optically polarized negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) defects. The best characterized form of OPNMR in diamond is a hyperfine-mediated phenomenon that takes advantage of the NV- excited state level anti-crossing that occurs when the external field is set to ~50 mT. A high-field form of 13C optical pumping has been observed at 7.05 and 9.4 T, well beyond the level anti-crossing. Polarization rates, lifetimes, and magnitudes are influenced by the concentrations of NV- and P1 defects in the diamond. Two of the samples characterized in this study have defect concentrations that allow for the generation of room temperature 13C polarizations up to 200 times that of thermal equilibrium. Both positive and negative polarizations are observed. The sign and magnitude of the polarization exhibit an extraordinary sensitivity to the orientation of the crystal with respect to the polarization of the electric field vector of the optical illumination incident on the sample. For example, the sign of the polarization can flip with as little as a 0.5° change in the orientation of the crystal. The mechanism responsible for this high-field pumping process remains unknown. Progress in developing a theoretical model is hindered by the simultaneous presence of four defect orientations for every orientation of the crystal
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Optical Orientation of Nuclear Spins
No full textNuclear spins are harnessed in many important technologies, including the well established fields of magnetic resonance imaging for medical diagnostics, magnetic resonance spectroscopy in analytical chemistry as well as emerging technologies in quantum information and spintronics. All of these technologies either harness, or are subject to, the behavior of a nuclear spin ensemble. To achieve the most desirable behavior, (large spectroscopic signal or reduction of unwanted fluctuations) the nuclear spin ensemble should be prepared in a pure quantum state. In practice, this ``polarization" is typically created by allowing the energy levels of the spins in an applied magnetic field achieve thermal equilibrium. Unfortunately, even with the largest magnets available with fields greater than 20 Tesla, the separation between energy levels is much smaller than kT for all but extreme refrigerated systems. It is then desirable to achieve pure nuclear spin states which are not at thermal equilibrium with the environment. In order to do this, it is necessary to create a situation in which a pure quantum state can be created in a system other than the nuclear spin which then interacts with the nucleus to create a more pure nuclear spin state. In this work we harness the pure photon spin state of circularly polarized light as well as spin transition selection rules of a deep electronic defect in diamond to polarize nuclei. In the first case, we use circularly polarized photons to excite spin polarized electrons in the semiconductor gallium arsenide which equilibrate with bound electronic states at recombination centers. These bound states then polarize nearby nuclear spins through the magnetic hyperfine interaction. While this hyperfine mechanism of nuclear spin polarization was previously known, we have identified a new regime of low optical absorption where the coupling of nuclear quadrupole moments to electric field gradients near recombination centers is the dominant mechanism of nuclear spin polarization. Through a combination of experiment and theory, we determine relative rates of these two mechanisms depending on the rate of optical absorption. Since optical absorption varies as a function of depth in a sample, we predicted that control of these two mechanisms is possible as a function of position in the sample. Using the stray field of a superconducting magnet to supply the gradient field for magnetic resonance imaging, we were able to directly observe patterns of nuclear magnetization on a micron length scale. When combined with in-plane control of the laser and NMR pulse sequences, this technique will give rise to fully 3-dimensional patterns of nuclear magnetization. These patterns may be created in bulk gallium arsenide without the need for lithography or other microfabrication techniques. These regions of magnetized nuclei will enable magnetic control over drifting electrons in future spintronics devices.The paramagnetic nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond provides a different tool to control nuclei. The ground state spin triplet of this defect may be easily polarized into the Sz=0 state with visible optical illumination. The polarization is due to the symmetry and selection rules within the defect itself and does not require polarized photons. We discovered that, with a sufficient density of defects, the 13C nuclei in the diamond lattice are spontaneously polarized upon illumination of the sample. We attribute this polarization to a highly refrigerated ``spin temperature" among the energy levels created by the magnetic dipole interaction of the many spins in the defect ensemble. This energy reservoir is in thermal contact with the 13C nuclei, which are driven to highly athermal spin states. We theoretically investigate the thermodynamics of the defect spin ensemble, first with a two-spin ``toy model" and more recently have begun a many-spin theoretical approach. The polarization of nuclei in diamond has application in the quenching of nuclear fluctuations in quantum information systems and as a platform for signal enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
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Magnetic Resonance Investigations of Adsorbate Dynamics in Metal-Organic Frameworks
No full textMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous materials, are crystalline networks of metal clusters or ions connected by organic linkers through coordination bonds. These frameworks exhibit a rich diversity of structures, chemistries, and topologies, as evidenced by the explosion of new MOF structures in the last decade. However, the nearly infinite number of possible network connectivities and framework compositions, as well as the significant impact of minor changes in reaction conditions on the structure obtained, impedes optimization. Although high-throughput synthesis can greatly accelerate the discovery of new materials, the speed of subsequent characterization, such as gas adsorption measurements, limits the rate of optimization. In response to this challenge, we describe the development of a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) porosity screening tool that uses NMR relaxation times of adsorbed molecules to estimate porosity. The diffusion and exchange processes uncovered during the development of this NMR screening tool highlight the lack of a molecular understanding of how adsorbed molecules, or guests, move in metal-organic frameworks. Thus, we investigate adsorbate dynamics in detail using NMR relaxation and diffusion experiments. Our relaxation experiments, combined with molecular simulations, establish the presence of a new condensation phenomenon occurring in a model adsorbate-MOF system. Our diffusion studies explore the interplay between the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction energy and this new condensation phenomenon on adsorbate diffusion in MOFs. These fundamental investigations, as well as our more practical efforts in developing a porosity screening tool, provide detailed insight into molecular dynamics in confined systems, and this knowledge possesses broad implications for applications in separations and catalysis
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Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Structure and Dynamics in Rare Earth Phosphate Materials
No full textThis thesis develops magnetic resonance techniques to characterize the structure and proton dynamics of rare earth phosphates. Structural characterization is accomplished primarily through the use of 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Spectroscopic characterization is used to develop chemical shift references on calcium and lanthanum phosphate materials in order to better understand the phases and phosphate environments in a calcium lanthanum phosphate glass-ceramic material. Similar methods are used to characterize cerium orthopohsphate, a material that has often been called "NMR invisible" in the literature, and the phosphate structures that are formed when two differing synthetic approaches are performed. Structural characterization is enhanced through the use of double resonance techniques, such as 1H -31P cross polarization (CP) MAS NMR and heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectroscopy. Such techniques are a powerful way to associate protons present in the material with phosphate hosting sites in the material. In a strontium cerium metaphosphate glass-ceramic, 31P MAS NMR spectroscopic, relaxation, and variable temperature techniques are used to characterize and identify the structure of this partially crystalline material, while 1H -31P cross polarization (CP) MAS NMR allows the preferred proton hosting site in the material to be identified. In order to measure proton dynamics in the rare earth phosphates, field gradient NMR techniques are adapted to the particular challenges of rare earth phosphates. Relatively low proton conductivities in the materials being studied suggest that proton motion in these materials will be slow. The combination of slow proton motion, the known short 1H relaxation times of rare earth phosphates, and the required high temperatures at which proton diffusion takes place rule out standard field gradient techniques that have been developed for liquids. Small scale pulsed field gradient NMR probe designs and stray field steady gradient NMR have been investigated, and methods by which one can make such measurements more straightforward are discussed. It is demonstrated that high temperature stray field steady gradient NMR methods can measure proton self diffusion in a relatively proton-rich barium lanthanum metaphosphate glass
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