171,094 research outputs found
T.J. Jefferies Livery Stables on Ave C. NE
No full textPhotograph of T.J. Jefferies Livery Stables. Three men and five horses are shown in front of the stable
Photograph of Robert L. Jefferies with his colleagues
No full textPhotograph of Robert L. Jefferies (right) with his colleagues David Wedin (left) and Corey Goldman (middle), c. 199
Continued control of pneumococcal disease in the UK - the impact of vaccination
No full textStreptococcus pneumoniae, also known as the pneumococcus, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were first introduced for routine use in the USA in 2000, although the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was not introduced into the UK's routine childhood immunization programme until September 2006. After its introduction, a marked decrease in the incidence of pneumococcal disease was observed, both in the vaccinated and unvaccinated UK populations. However, pneumococci are highly diverse and serotype prevalence is dynamic. Conversely, PCV7 targets only a limited number of capsular types, which appears to confer a limited lifespan to the observed beneficial effects. Shifts in serotype distribution have been detected for both non-invasive and invasive disease reported since PCV7 introduction, both in the UK and elsewhere. The pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV, Synflorix; GlaxoSmithKline) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13, Prevenar 13; Pfizer) have been newly licensed. The potential coverage of the 10- and 13-valent conjugate vaccines has also altered alongside serotype shifts. Nonetheless, the mechanism of how PCV7 has influenced serotype shift is not clear-cut as the epidemiology of serotype prevalence is complex. Other factors also influence prevalence and incidence of pneumococcal carriage and disease, such as pneumococcal diversity, levels of antibiotic use and the presence of risk groups. Continued surveillance and identification of factors influencing serotype distribution are essential to allow rational vaccine design, implementation and continued effective control of pneumococcal disease
View of the new church and National school house lately erected on Jefferies Hill at Hanham
No full text'This View of the New Church and National School House lately erected on Jefferies Hill at Hanham. Is respectfully dedicated to the Subscribers_sold in aid of the school funds. On Stone by S. G. Tovey. A. Pocock Lith Bristol. Bristol. Published. April 1841 by C. Mitchell 18 St. Augustines Parade.
Vaccine preventable meningitis in Malaysia: epidemiology and management
No full textWorldwide bacterial meningitis accounts for more than one million cases and 135,000 deaths annually. Profound, lasting neurological complications occur in 9-25% of cases. This review confirms the greatest risk from bacterial meningitis is in early life in Malaysia. Much of the disease burden can be avoided by immunization, particularly against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Despite inclusion of the Hib vaccine in the National Immunisation Programme and the licensure of pneumococcal vaccines, these two species are the main contributors to bacterial meningitis in Malaysia, with Neisseria meningitidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causing a smaller proportion of disease. The high Hib prevalence may partly be due to dated, small-scale studies limiting the understanding of the current epidemiological situation. This highlights the need for larger, better quality surveillance from Malaysia to evaluate the success of Hib immunization and to help guide immunization policy for vaccines against S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis.</p
What visual literacy is not!
No full textThis paper intends to help design educators reach a more informed understanding of visual literacy by stating what we already know it is not, in order to promote discussion on how it can be fostered. This paper is based on Jefferies’ PhD research from an empirical visual experiment carried out on a wide range of design practitioners, design students and the general public.
Specific terms of influence such as ‘fixed’, ‘cross-disciplines’ and ‘accessibility’ were highlighted for discussion when considering what visual literacy is not, and were consequently used to frame the problem. When considering each of these influences in terms of seeing; (a) Viewing visual language as a ‘fixed’ vocabulary does not allow for each working context to have its own visual value system. (b) Literacy of ‘cross-disciplines’ may not enable a way of seeing to be transferred between each design discipline. (c) ‘Accessibility’ in terms of a student’s ability to read or write an image can not be determined from a designer’s final product, as each individual and context is different.
It is proposed that debating the three identified areas will heighten design educators’ awareness and provide a valuable basis for future pedagogy practices
Lifestyle risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review
No full textOBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature for evidence of smoking and alcohol intake as independent risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).DESIGN: Systematic review.METHODS: MEDLINE (1946-May 2012) and EMBASE (1947-May 2012) were searched for studies investigating alcohol or smoking as risk factors for acquiring IPD and which reported results as relative risk. Studies conducted exclusively in clinical risk groups, those assessing risk factors for outcomes other than acquisition of IPD and studies describing risk factors without quantifying a relative risk were excluded.RESULTS: Seven observational studies were identified and reviewed; owing to the heterogeneity of study design, meta-analysis was not attempted. Five of six studies investigating smoking reported an increased risk of IPD in the range 2.2-4.1. Four of the six studies investigating alcohol intake reported a significant increased risk for IPD ranging from 2.9 to 11.4, while one reported a significant protective effect.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these observational data suggest that smoking and alcohol misuse may increase the risk of IPD in adults, but the magnitude of this risk remains unclear and should be explored with further research. The findings of this review will contribute to the debate on whether pneumococcal vaccine should be offered to smokers and people who misuse alcohol in addition to other clinically defined risk groups.</p
Molecular analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae clones causing invasive disease in children in Singapore
No full textStreptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of serious paediatric disease. However there is little published epidemiological data regarding invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in many countries in South East Asia, including Singapore. Baseline data for IPD is essential to inform policy regarding pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in Singapore. This is the first study to use multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to investigate clonal relationships among Singaporean IPD isolates. We characterised 86 invasive pneumococci isolated from Singaporean children using serotyping and MLST. The objectives were to compare Singaporean MLST data to worldwide data and to assess serotype distribution in relation to current PCV formulations. We observed 49 sequence types (STs); a high proportion of which, (n=16) were novel STs. Despite the presence of these novel STs, serotype distribution was similar to that observed elsewhere. Serotypes 14, 6B, 19A and 19F accounted for 85% of IPD cases. PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 covered 85%, 86% and 97% of IPD respectively. We have demonstrated a pressing need for larger studies to determine the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of circulating pneumococcal clones from both carriage and disease in Singapore
Distribution of epidemic anti biotic-resistant pneumococcal clones in Scottish pneumococcal isolates analysed by multilocus sequence typing
No full textSequence types of pneumococci isolated in Scotland between 1996 and 2003 were compared with those of globally prevalent antibiotic-resistant clones. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on 252 invasive pneumococcal isolates referred to the Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory. Isolates were not preselected for antimicrobial resistance, patient age or disease caused. Sequence types were compared with globally significant antimicrobial-resistant clones identified by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network (PMEN). Sequence types identical with three of the 26 PMEN clones were present in the Scottish collection; the clones were the Spain(9V)-3 clone (sequence type 156, seven isolates), the England(14)-9 clone (sequence type 9, eight isolates) and the Utah(35B)-24 clone (sequence type 377, one isolate). Many Scottish isolates related to PMEN clones had lower antimicrobial MICs than those described for the corresponding PMEN type strain. A number of single- (SLVs) and double-locus variants (DLVs) were present. Fifteen SLVs related to PMEN sequence types 37, 67, 90, 81, 156, 236 and 377 were detected. The collection contained 10 DLVs related to PMEN sequence types 37, 156, 173 and 338. The majority of SLVs and DLVs were penicillin- or erythromycin-sensitive variants of the resistant PMEN type strains. Capsule switching in isolates related to the PMEN clones was also detected. The highest levels of penicillin resistance were detected in sequence type 320 (serotype 1917), which is not a PMEN clone. These data suggest that PMEN clones are not widely distributed in disease-causing isolates in Scotland
B.R.F. Jefferies
No full textA purely analytic criterion is presented which characterises the commutativity of a finitecollection of (2 \Theta 2) selfadjoint matrices. Indeed, it is always possible to associate with such matrices their so called Weyl Calculus which is a matrix-valued distribution of finite order. It is shown that the matrices commute if and only if their associated Weyl Calculus is a distribution of order zero. Given a collection of n selfadjoint operators in H = C 2 ; say A 1 ; : : : ; A n , the Weyl Calculus for the n-tuple A = (A 1 ; : : : ; A n ) is an L(H)-valued distribution which represents a particular rule allowing the construction of certain functions of the matrices A 1 ; : : : ; A n . For ¸ = (¸ 1 ; : : : ; ¸ n ) 2 R n ; the operator h¸; Ai = P n j=1 ¸ j A j is again selfadjoint and hence ke ih¸;Ai k = 1: Let S(R n ) denote the Schwartz space of C-valued, rapidly decreasing functions on R n : More precisely then, the Weyl Calculus for A; [1; 2]; is the L(H)-valued distribu..
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