94 research outputs found
Parution ouvrage - Le français langue étrangère en questions ; pourquoi et comment enseigner le FLE?
No full textJean-Marc Defays, Jean-Claude Beacco, Fatima Chnane-Davin, Jean-Pierre Cuq, Jean-Marie Klinkenberg À notre époque où règne la mondialisation, nos sociétés sont de plus en plus multiculturelles et plurilingues. Pour communiquer efficacement, il est donc essentiel d'apprendre à connaitre la langue ainsi que la culture de l'Autre. Les professionnels de l'éducation se posent de nombreuses questions sur les meilleures méthodes et stratégies à mettre en place pour l'enseignement d'une langue ..
Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: Pathophysiology, treatment, and future strategy
No full textHenoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis is a rare kidney disease leading to chronic kidney disease in a non-negligible percentage of patients. Although retrospective studies suggest beneficial effects of some therapies, prospective randomized clinical trials proving treatment efficacy are still lacking. The dilemma of spontaneous recovery even in patients with severe clinical and histologic presentation and of late evolution to chronic kidney disease in patients with mild initial symptoms renders it difficult for clinicians to expose patients to treatment protocols that are not evidence-based. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of progression to chronic kidney disease in Henoch-Schönlein purpura patients could be achieved by designing prospective international multicenter studies looking at determinants of clinical and histopathological evolution as well as possible circulating and urinary markers of progression. Such studies should be supported by a database available on the web and a new histologic classification of kidney lesions. This paper reports clinical, pathologic, and experimental data to be used for this strategy and to assist clinicians and clinical trial designers to reach therapeutic decisions. Copyright © 2011 by the American Society of Nephrology.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
The glomerular permeability factors in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
No full textIt is currently postulated that steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), which are not related to the mutation of a gene coding for podocyte structures or for glomerular basement membrane proteins, result from a circulating factor affecting podocyte shape and function. T lymphocytes have for a long time been suspected to be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. The successful treatment of steroid-dependant nephrotic syndrome with rituximab suggests a potential role for B lymphocytes. Clinical and experimental data indicate roles for cytokines IL-13, TNFα, circulating cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (member of the IL-6 family), circulating hemopexin, radical oxygen species, and the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in the development of nephrotic syndrome. Podocyte metabolism modifications—leading to the overexpression of the podocyte B7-1antigen (CD 80), hypoactivity of the podocyte enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3 b (SMPDL3b), and to the podocyte production of a hyposialylated form of the angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4)—are mechanisms possibly involved in the changes in the podocyte cytoskeleton leading to SSNS and or SRNS. Different multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms can be advocated for SSNS and SRNS. The present paper reviews the experimental and clinical data upon which the different hypotheses are based and reports their possible clinical applications.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
CD80 and suPAR: Diagnostic and pathogenic value in minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?
No full textSCOPUS: le.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Pitfalls in recommending evidence-based guidelines for a protean disease like Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis
No full textSCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children
No full textHenoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis in children, in whom prognosis is mostly dependent upon the severity of renal involvement. Nephritis is observed in about 30% of children with HSP. Renal damage eventually leads to chronic kidney disease in up to 20% of children with HSP nephritis in tertiary care centres, but in less than 5% of unselected patients with HSP, by 20 years after diagnosis. HSP nephritis and IgA nephropathy are related diseases resulting from glomerular deposition of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1. Although both nephritides present with similar histological findings and IgA abnormalities, they display pathophysiological differences with important therapeutic implications. HSP nephritis is mainly characterized by acute episodes of glomerular inflammation with endocapillary and mesangial proliferation, fibrin deposits and epithelial crescents that can heal spontaneously or lead to chronic lesions. By contrast, IgA nephropathy normally presents with slowly progressive mesangial lesions resulting from continuous low-grade deposition of macromolecular IgA1. This Review highlights the variable evolution of similar clinical and histological presentations among paediatric patients with HSP nephritis, which constitutes a challenge for their management, and discusses the treatment of these patients in light of current guidelines based on clinical evidence from adults with IgA nephropath
The difficulty in considering modifiable pathology risk factors in children with IgA nephropathy: Crescents and timing of renal biopsy
No full textThe need for an early diagnosis of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is particularly felt in children since they have a long life expectancy. However, IgAN has a slowly progressive course and renal function can even remain unchanged for decades. The long-term predictive value of modifiable risk factors, such as proteinuria and proliferative/ inflammatory lesion at renal biopsy, remains unknown. Interest has focused on crescents, which represent a clear risk factor for renal vasculitides. A number of rare cases of extracapillary IgAN involving >40 % of glomeruli have been reported, but in most cases of IgAN crescents involve <10 % of glomeruli. The long-term effect of small noncircumferential crescents detected by chance or without a clinical picture of progressive IgAN is still unknown. The Oxford study failed to find a predictive value of crescents in either children or adults, and these results were confirmed by the recent VALIGA study on 1,147 patients with IgAN (174 children). A recent study reports a correlation between the time elapsed from the diagnosis of urinary abnormalities and renal biopsy which suggests that crescents are associated with disease onset and then likely undergo a healing process into sclerotic lesions, which are commonly detected in biopsies performed years after onset. The authors of this study propose that primary IgAN may have similarities with Henoch– Schoenlein purpura nephritis, which presents with acute glomerular damage, mesangial proliferation, endocapillary leucocyte infiltration and crescent formations, and that these lesions can undergo resolution with sclerotic healing. This hypothesis is highly suggestive of the silent progression of several cases of IgAN without clear clinical changes, stressing once more the need for a combined clinical and pathological evaluation of children with IgAN that considers both the underlying pathogenetic event and its possible evolution.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Le FLE en questions
No full textÀ notre époque où règne la mondialisation, nos sociétés sont de plus en plus multiculturelles et plurilingues. Pour communiquer efficacement, il est donc essentiel d’apprendre à connaitre la langue ainsi que la culture de l’Autre. Les professionnels de l’éducation se posent de nombreuses questions sur les meilleures méthodes et stratégies à mettre en place pour l’enseignement d’une langue étrangère telle que le français.
Comment enseigner la langue française à des apprenants allophones aux profils parfois très divers ? Comment articuler connaissance et pratique de la langue lors de l’apprentissage ? Comment motiver les apprenants et prendre en compte leurs spécificités dans l’élaboration des cours ? Comment évalue-t-on la maitrise d’une langue ? Peut-on vraiment enseigner une culture ?
Dans cet ouvrage, des experts du FLE mettent en avant de nombreux enjeux essentiels liés à l’enseignement du français langue étrangère. Ils proposent une approche générale et dynamique du sujet, abordant plus de 50 questions. Leurs réponses, à la fois concises et complètes, s’adressent non seulement aux enseignants, mais également à un public non spécialiste
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