66 research outputs found
An asymptomatic tongue nodule
No full textCysticercosis is a major health concern in developing countries, as it is a major cause of seizures in these countries. The tissues commonly affected are the neural tissues, muscle, heart, lungs, liver, subcutaeneous layers and peritoneum, but oral manifestations are rare. Present case is of an asymptomatic tongue nodule which was diagnosed as cysticercosis on histologic examination. Thus, emphasizing the importance of routine microscopic examination and diagnosis of apparently innocuous lesions of the oral cavity
The impact of a young radio galaxy: clues from the cosmic ray electron population
No full textIn the framework of hierarchical structure formation, active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback shapes the galaxy luminosity function. Low luminosity, galaxy-scale double radio sources are ideal targets to investigate the interplay between AGN feedback and star formation. We use Very Large Array and BIMA millimetre-wave array observations to study the radio continuum emission of NGC 3801 between 1.4 and 112.4 GHz. We find a prominent spectral break at ~10 GHz, where the spectrum steepens as expected from cosmic ray electron (CRe) ageing. Using the equipartition magnetic field and fitting JP models locally, we create a spatially resolved map of the spectral age of the CRe population. The spectral age of τint = 2.0 ± 0.2 Myr agrees within a factor of 2 with the dynamical age of the expanding X-ray emitting shells. The spectral age varies only little across the lobes, requiring an effective mixing process of the CRe such as a convective backflow of magnetized plasma. The jet termination points have a slightly younger CRe spectral age, hinting at in situ CRe re-acceleration. Our findings support the scenario where the supersonically expanding radio lobes heat the interstellar medium (ISM) of NGC 3801 via shock waves, and, as their energy is comparable to the energy of the ISM, are clearly able to influence the galaxy's further evolution
Malignant myoepithelioma of palate
No full textMalignant myoepithelioma is a rare salivary gland neoplasm, which accounts for less than 2% of all the salivary gland carcinomas. Majority of cases have been reported in parotid, and only 8 cases of involvement of the hard palate have been reported in the literature so far. Hereby, a case of painless, ulcerated palatal mass of 2 years of duration reported. A diagnosis of malignant plasmacytoid myoepithelioma was made with the aid of immunohistochemical analysis, and wide surgical excision was considered keeping in mind the biological behavior of the tumor
Oral submucous fibrosis: A global challenge. Rising incidence, risk factors, management, and research priorities
No full textOral submucous fibrosis is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity, with a high rate of malignant transformation. It is very common among habitual areca nut chewers. The pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis is not well established, but it is believed to be a disease of multifactorial origin, including areca nut chewing, ingestion of chilies, genetic factors, immunologic processes and nutritional deficiencies. Genetically susceptible individuals when exposed to areca nut chewing develop this disease over a variable period of time. Oral submucous fibrosis is considered to be a disease of collagen metabolism. Several genetic factors are reported but there is no consensus about the exact mechanism of disease initiation. Variations in histopathological presentation are noted among oral submucous fibrosis patients with habitual areca nut chewing in different forms and other additive agents, eg betel quid, pan masala and gutkha, together with a variety of tobacco habits. The role of epigenetic modifications, such as miRNA regulation, and DNA methylation is also being reported as part of the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. A combined approach, including analysis of genetic and epigenetic regulations with different habits, might be helpful to better understand the contributory factors and pathogenesis of this serious disorder
Evaluation of DNA damage in oral precancerous and squamous cell carcinoma patients by single cell gel electrophoresis
No full textContext: Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or "comet assay" is a rapid and very sensitive fluorescent microscopic method for detecting various forms of DNA damage at individual cell level.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to detect the extent of DNA damage in oral cancer, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and leukoplakia in comparison to normal individual.
Settings and Design: A total of 44 consecutive patients with oral cancer (n=26), leukoplakia (n=12) and OSMF (n=6) and 10 healthy normal volunteers with normal oral epithelia (controls) were recruited from Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital and were assessed for the extent of DNA damage using SCGE following clinical diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood was collected by venepuncture and comet assay was performed using SCGE. Mean tail length was compared between diagnostic groups and between different oral habit groups using t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson′s product moment correlation was used to examine the linear association between the extent of DNA damage and oral habit pack-years. Scheffe′s pair-wise test was employed to adjust for multiple comparisons.
Results: None of the controls were associated with any oral habits. Mean (±SD) tail lengths (in mm) for cancer (24.95 ± 5.09) and leukoplakia (12.96 ± 2.68) were significantly greater than in controls (8.54 ± 2.55, P<0.05). After adjustment, well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated carcinomas had significantly greater tail length than controls. Whereas the extent of DNA damage in cancer cases was significantly greater in leukoplakia than in compared to OSMF (11.03 ± 5.92), the DNA damage in latter was not different from controls. DNA damage for people with any oral habit (19.78 ± 7.77) was significantly greater than those with no habits (8.54 ± 2.55; P<0.0001).
Conclusions: DNA damage measured by SCGE is greater in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma, but not in OSMF. Deleterious oral habits are also associated with greater DNA damage
Extrafollicular Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumors: A Series of Five Rare Cases with an Insight into Its Clinicopathological Aspects
No full textAdenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), first described by Steensland in 1905, are benign, slowly enlarging, nonaggressive, odontogenic epithelial neoplasms comprising 3%–7% of all odontogenic tumors. They tend to originate from the dental lamina remnants or the reduced enamel epithelium. Mutation at codon 12 of KRAS oncogene (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. AOTs demonstrate three clinicopathological spectrums, namely follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. The extrafollicular AOTs are hypothesized to originate from a stimulus triggering the dental lamina remnants. While intraosseous follicular AOTs are fairly common (70.8%), the extrafollicular counterparts are infrequent (24%), and novel entities that may mimic other lesions due to the absence of tooth inside. Herein, we elucidate a series of five unique extrafollicular AOT cases with a relevant emphasis on its pathogenesis and clinico-radiological aspects. This report aims to add another significant record to the literature pertaining to the compilation of extrafollicular AOTs
Comparative distribution of Lysyl Oxidase (G473A) and NQO1 (C609T) polymorphism among tea-garden workers (habitual chewers of betel quid) of Darjeeling district and Kolkata city of West Bengal
No full textContext: Chewing of processed arecanut products with tobacco and betel quid has been attributed to many oral pathological conditions. These products are very popular among the youngsters of lower economic groups. Genetic predisposition has been now identified as a major risk factor for increasing the susceptibility toward the disease among these chewers. Aims: Our study mainly aims to find out the predisposition of LOX (G473A) and NQO1 (C609T) polymorphisms and present a comparison between the population (habitually exposed to processed arecanut and smokeless tobacco products) of a metro-city Kolkata and the tea-garden workers of Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Settings and Design: Subjects for the study was recruited from various oral health check-up camps organized in the tea-gardens of Darjeeling district and Kolkata city. Materials and Methods: Genotyping analysis was done through a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based approach. Statistical Analysis Used: A two-way contingency table analysis software (JAVASTAT: http://statpages.org/ctab2 × 2.html) using 95% confidence interval was used to study the distribution of genotypes among the populations. A P T (609) was found to be significantly higher among the north Bengal tea-garden workers [OR 0.480 (0.280-0.82) P = 0.01; 0.218 (0.091-0.524) P = 0.0001], respectively. Interestingly CT (21% in both) and TT (8% and 7%, respectively) were found to be equally distributed in the two populations. For LOX G > A (473) a significantly higher number of Kolkata individuals were found to carry the heterozygous GA allele in individuals aged <30 years [OR 3.779 (1.684-6.547) P = 0.001]. However, none were carrier of heterozygous GA allele of Kolkata population as compared with 29% north Bengal tea-garden workers aged above 31 years. Conclusions: A close observation of occurrence of oral diseases over time among such a population will be helpful to identify risk genotypes responsible for betel quid-induced oral diseases
Ewing′s sarcoma of mandible: A case report and review of Indian literature
No full textEwing′s sarcoma (ES) is a rare malignancy primarily affecting skeletal system and it is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults. It seldom occurs in the head and neck region. ES has poor prognosis because of uncontrolled metastatic potential making early diagnosis and intervention critical for survival of the patient. This paper reports a rare case of ES involving mandible in an 8-year-old girl with clinical, radiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical features
Surgical management of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis refractory to systemic antifungal treatment
No full textAbstractChronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC), earlier known as candidal leukoplakia, is a variant of oral candidiasis that classically presents as a white patch on the commissures of the oral mucosa and it is mostly caused by Candida albicans. Clinically, the lesions are usually asymptomatic and regress after appropriate antifungal therapy and correction of the underlying cause. If the lesions are untreated, a small portion may develop dysplasia and later progress into carcinoma. The purpose of this article is to report a case of CHC in a 57-year-old male patient with a significant smoking habit, who presented with a thick, nonscrapable, brownish-white coating on the dorsum of the tongue for 9 years. This case is of particular importance and concern because of the high risk for malignant transformation in CHC. The role of biopsy and histopathology is also stressed through this case report in arriving at a definitive diagnosis and treatment planning. Further, this case is interesting because it was refractory to local and systemic antifungal treatment and so, surgery was chosen as an alternative treatment modality considering the side effects of the prolonged use of antifungal drugs.</jats:p
MiRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in the serum of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD) patients
No full textObjective: Cell-free microRNAs have shown differential levels in the serum of individuals under disease conditions suggesting its potential to act as biomarkers. A population specific miRNA signature in oral cancer is reported in different studies. We aim to identify a set of serum specific miRNAs that may differentiate oral cancer, oral pre-malignant conditions from the healthy individuals. Design: We investigated the levels of 24 miRNAs in the serum of 47 Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, 20 patients with Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and 42 healthy controls from Eastern India. Small RNAs were isolated from serum samples followed by cDNA synthesis. Levels of miRNAs were determined using qRT-PCR. The sources of serum specific miRNAs were evaluated using GTEx-RNAseq and TCGA-HNSCC database. Results: Five miRNAs, miR-483–5p, miR-31–5p, Let-7b-5p, miR-486–5p and miR-30e-5p showed significant elevation in OSCC patients. An Elastic-Net model with 4 miRNAs classified OSCC from healthy controls with 80 % sensitivity, 64.3 % specificity, and 72.4 % accuracy. Mir-483–5p and miR-31–5p was significantly overexpressed in OSCC tissues as well as significantly higher in the serum of Leukoplakia and Verrucous carcinoma patients suggesting their potential as early disease markers. MiR-483–5p showed a consistent elevated level in the serum/plasma of oral cancer patients across different population and was found to be tumour specific while, the rest of the miRNAs showed variable results across different studies. Conclusions: Our study suggested that the serum miRNAs in oral cancer and pre-malignant disorder conditions can be used as a non-invasive marker for screening of these oral conditions
- …
