467 research outputs found
Gunfight Author Ryan Busse on Responsible Gun Ownership
No full textThis week’s guest is Ryan Busse, former senior executive in the firearms industry. Ryan\u27s new book, Gunfight, is an intimate and revealing account of his experience in that industry, his growing disillusionment with it and his ultimate exit.
In this conversation, we talk about rural household gun culture, the symbolism assault rifles take on in political division, and the rights and responsibilities of gun ownership in our country.https://scholarworks.umt.edu/anewangle_podcasts/1224/thumbnail.jp
Author self-citation in the general medicine literature.
No full textAuthor self-citation contributes to the overall citation count of an article and the impact factor of the journal in which it appears. Little is known, however, about the extent of self-citation in the general clinical medicine literature. The objective of this study was to determine the extent and temporal pattern of author self-citation and the article characteristics associated with author self-citation.We performed a retrospective cohort study of articles published in three high impact general medical journals (JAMA, Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine) between October 1, 1999 and March 31, 2000. We retrieved the number and percentage of author self-citations received by the article since publication, as of June 2008, from the Scopus citation database. Several article characteristics were extracted by two blinded, independent reviewers for each article in the cohort and analyzed in multivariable linear regression analyses. Since publication, author self-citations accounted for 6.5% (95% confidence interval 6.3-6.7%) of all citations received by the 328 articles in our sample. Self-citation peaked in 2002, declining annually thereafter. Studies with more authors, in cardiovascular medicine or infectious disease, and with smaller sample size were associated with more author self-citations and higher percentage of author self-citation (all p≤0.01).Approximately 1 in 15 citations of articles in high-profile general medicine journals are author self-citations. Self-citation peaks within about 2 years of publication and disproportionately affects impact factor. Studies most vulnerable to this effect are those with more authors, small sample size, and in cardiovascular medicine or infectious disease
sj-docx-1-cjk-10.1177_20543581241237322 – Supplemental material for The Association Between Intradialytic Symptom Clusters and Recovery Time in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: An Exploratory Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-cjk-10.1177_20543581241237322 for The Association Between Intradialytic Symptom Clusters and Recovery Time in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: An Exploratory Analysis by Arrti A. Bhasin, Jennifer M. MacRae, Braden Manns, Kelvin C. W. Leung, Amber O. Molnar, Jason W. Busse, David Collister, K Scott Brimble, Christian G. Rabbat, Jessica Tyrwhitt, Andrea Mazzetti and Michael Walsh in Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease</p
Praktyka postępowania z dokumentacją funduszu operacyjnego na przykładzie zachowanego zasobu archiwalnego po KW MO/WUSW w Radomiu (1975–1990)
No full textArtykuł poświęcony jest problematyce dotyczącej funduszu operacyjnego, z którego finansowane były działania aparatu bezpieczeństwa PRL w latach 1975-1990. Kwestię tę autor omówił na przykładzie województwa radomskiego i istniejących w tym okresie Komendy Wojewódzkiej MO oraz Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Spraw Wewnętrznych w Radomiu. Skupił się zarówno na stronie teoretycznej, m.in. przeanalizował obowiązujące wówczas przepisy prawne, jak i praktycznej. Przybliżył czytelnikowi stan zachowania materiałów archiwalnych Służby Bezpieczeństwa odnoszących się do tego zagadnienia, które znajdują się w zbiorach Delegatury IPN w Radomiu. Ponadto podkreślił znaczenie tego rodzaju dokumentacji dla oceny poszczególnych form aktywności SB, w tym tak ważnego obszaru, jakim było opłacanie tajnych współpracowników (wśród przykładów znalazł się też - co bardzo rzadkie - informator będący na etacie niejawnym).The article is devoted to the issues concerning the operational fund for financing the activities of the security apparatus of the Polish People’s Republic in the years 1975–1990. Its author discusses the issues from the example of the Radom province and the Provincial Headquarters of the MO (the Police Forces called “Citizen Militia”) and the Provincial Office of Internal Affairs in Radom that existed at that time. He focuses on theoretical and practical aspects thereof, analysing inter alia the legal regulations that were in force at that time. He familiarizes readers with the state of preservation of the Security Service archival materials concerning the issues kept among holdings of the IPN Branch in Radom. Moreover, he stresses the importance of this type of documentation for the assessment of individual forms of SB (Security Service) operation, including such important areas as payments to informal collaborators (among the examples there is also – which is very rare – an informant who was employed in an undisclosed position)
Methodological Quality of Chiropractic Mixed Methods Research: A Meta- Epidemiological Review and Application in a Health Services Evaluation of Chiropractic Integration and Prescription Opioid Use
No full textBackground: An increasing number of mixed methods studies have been conducted across health care professions in recent years. However, little is known about the methodological reporting quality among mixed methods studies involving chiropractic research.
Objective: To examine the methodological quality of published chiropractic mixed methods studies, provide recommendations for improving future chiropractic mixed methods research, and apply these recommendations in two mixed methods health services evaluations of chiropractic integration and prescription opioid use for spinal pain. Methods: We conducted a meta-epidemiological review of the chiropractic mixed methods literature and examined reporting quality using the Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study guideline and risk of bias using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We used generalized estimating equations to explore factors associated with higher methodological quality. We applied our findings in two sequential explanatory mixed methods investigations of the association between chiropractic care and opioid prescribing for non-cancer spinal pain.
Results: Among eligible mixed methods studies, we found that many were both poorly reported and at risk of bias. Publication in journals with an impact factor and/or more recent publication were significantly associated with higher methodological quality. In our sequential explanatory analyses, we found that receipt of chiropractic care was associated with decreases in initial opioid prescribing and long-term opioid use, and our qualitative results suggested these relationships were multi-factorial. Conclusion: We identified areas for improvement in the methodological reporting quality of chiropractic mixed methods research. Our mixed methods studies suggest that integration of chiropractic services into primary care centres may reduce the use of opioids for spinal pain.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)We reviewed the literature to assess the methodological reporting quality of mixed methods studies involving chiropractic research and found that most studies had important omissions. We applied these results to optimize methodologic reporting of two mixed methods studies on the association between chiropractic care and opioid prescribing. We found that patients with non-cancer spinal pain were less likely to receive an initial prescription for opioids if they accessed chiropractic care. Further, among chronic pain patients receiving opioids, we found that providing access to chiropractic care reduced their chances of continuing to receive opioids. The qualitative aspect of our studies provided important context to inform how patients and their primary care providers felt access to chiropractic care had reduced reliance on prescription opioids. These findings will increase awareness among researchers for opportunities to improve reporting quality of mixed methods research and highlight the potential role of chiropractic care in helping to address the opioid crisis
Prevalence and predictors of opioid use disorder following prescription of opioids for chronic noncancer pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
No full textBackground: Despite the many harms and limited efficacy of opioids in managing chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), they are commonly prescribed for these patients in North America. One of the harms associated with prolonged opioid use is opioid use disorder (OUD); however, the risk of addiction is uncertain. We systematically reviewed observational studies to establish the prevalence of (OUD), and to explore factors associated with OUD in patients with CNCP.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO from inception to December 2018 to identify studies that explored the prevalence of OUD or risk factors for OUD in patients with CNCP. Two specialists in addiction medicine reviewed each potentially eligible study, blinded to results, to ensure their outcome met DSM-5 criteria for OUD. We pooled estimates of OUD across eligible studies using random-effects models. When possible, we pooled estimates of association with OUD for all independent variables reported by more than one study.
Results: Twenty-two studies reported the prevalence of OUD, and six studies reported the association of 36 factors with OUD in patients with CNCP. The pooled prevalence of OUD was 20% (95% CI: 15% to 25%); however, we found evidence for small study effects (interaction p<0.001). When restricted to larger studies (≥900 patients), the pooled prevalence of OUD was 5.8% (95% CI: 2.8% to 9.5%; moderate certainty evidence). The prevalence of OUD was not associated with level of certainty of OUD criteria, under- or overestimation of instruments compared to DSM-5 criteria, severity of OUD, or risk of bias (interaction p values ranged from 0.34 to 0.92). Moderate certainty evidence demonstrated an association between OUD and male sex (OR 1.50 [95% CI: 1.05 to 2.14]; absolute risk increase (ARI) 2.7% [95% CI: 0.3% more to 5.8% more]), current smokers (OR 1.63; [95% CI: 1.25 to 2.12]; ARI 3.3% [1.3% more to 5.7% more]), and a history of mental health disorders (OR 1.49 [95% CI: 1.17 to 1.89]; ARI 2.6% [95% CI: 0.9% more to 4.6% more]). Low certainty evidence demonstrated an association between OUD and younger age (OR for every 10-year decrement, 1.60 [95% CI: 1.11 to 2.30]; ARI, 3.2% for every 10-year decrement [95% CI: 0.6% more to 6.6% more]). Moderate certainty evidence suggested no association between OUD and a history of alcohol abuse/dependence (OR 1.32 [95% CI: 0.84 to 2.07]; ARI 1.7% [95% CI: 0.9% less to 5.5% more]), and low certainty evidence suggested no association between OUD and a history of drug abuse (OR 1.51 [95% CI: 0.75 to 3.02]; ARI 2.7% [95% CI: 1.4% less to 9.9% more]).
Conclusion: Moderate certainty evidence suggests that 6% of CNCP patients prescribed opioids will develop OUD. Younger men who smoke, with a history of mental health disorders, are at higher risk. Additional research is needed to establish the association between OUD and a history of drug or alcohol abuse. ThesisMaster of Science (MSc)Opioids are commonly prescribed for patients with chronic pain that is not due to cancer; however, long-term opioid use inevitably leads to physical dependence and may result in addiction. Prior studies have reported extremely variable rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) following prescription for chronic noncancer pain, ranging from less than 1% to more than 50%, which has led to considerable confusion. My systematic review found moderate certainty evidence that the prevalence of OUD following prescription for chronic pain is 5.8% (95% CI: 2.8% to 9.5%). Patients who were younger, current smokers, males, and had a history of mental health disorders, had a higher risk of developing OUD. These findings will help support shared care decision-making between patients with chronic pain considering opioid therapy and their healthcare providers
PREVALENCE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG CURRENT AND FORMER MEMBERS OF THE CANADIAN ARMED FORCES
No full textObjective: This study aims to synthesize the literature regarding the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among current and former members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF).
Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception until June 2024 for studies reporting on the prevalence of PTSD among Canadian military personnel and veterans. We performed a Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation to stabilize the variance and then pooled the prevalence of PTSD across studies using a random-effects model. We assessed the credibility of subgroup effects using the Instrument to Assess the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) tool. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of evidence.
Results: We included 34 observational studies. The pooled prevalence of PTSD was 35.5%, however we found evidence of credible subgroup effects based on representativeness of the study population, and proportion of veterans included. High certainty evidence from 10 representative studies (n=58,060) suggests the prevalence of PTSD among active CAF members is 5.8% (95% CI: 4.1 to 7.8%). Moderate certainty evidence from 7 representative studies (n=13,194) suggests the prevalence of PTSD is probably 15.4% (95% CI: 7.5–25.4%) among CAF veterans.
Conclusions: We found high certainty evidence that 6 in every 100 CAF members live with PTSD, and moderate certainty evidence that 15 in every 100 Canadian veterans live with PTSD. These findings highlight the need for PTSD screening and access to care for current and former CAF members, and further research to identify evidence-based care.ThesisMaster of Science (MS
Richardson, Barbauld, and the construction of an early modern fan club
No full textMPhilMuch has been written about the life and long works of the eighteenth century epistolary novelist, Samuel Richardson, but the prospect of his position as the first celebrity novelist – responsible for courting his own fame as well as initiating his own fan club – has largely been ignored. The body of manuscripts housed at the National Art Library in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London provides the modern scholar with evidence of the skeletal beginnings of an early fan club. This thesis aims to show how these manuscripts were turned into a saleable commodity by the publisher and entrepreneur Richard Phillips, while under the guiding hand of another, slightly later, literary celebrity, Anna Laetitia Barbauld. In order to restore Richardson’s reputation amongst a new nineteenth century audience, Barbauld was required to construct her own idea of him as an eighteenth century celebrity author, and in doing so the insecurities of a self-professed, apparently diffident man, are revealed. Barbauld’s capacious, but heavily edited selection of letters is analyzed in this thesis, providing ample evidence that Richardson’s correspondents were more than just eager letter writers. By using Barbauld’s biography of Richardson this thesis aims to show how she manipulates the genre of life writing in her construction of him.
This thesis offers an alternative reading of how the Richardson manuscripts are viewed, redefining them as not simply a collection of letters, but as a collective entity, deliberately selected and archived as evidence of an early modern fan club, and its celebrity managing director
Numerical simulations of rotating axisymmetric sunspots
No full textA numerical model of axisymmetric convection in the presence of a vertical magnetic flux bundle and rotation about the axis is presented. The model contains a compressible plasma described by the non-linear MHD equations, with density and temperature gradients simulating the upper layer of the Sun's convection zone. The solutions exhibit a central magnetic flux tube in a cylindrical numerical domain, with convection cells forming collar flows around the tube. When the numerical domain is rotated with a constant angular velocity, the plasma forms a Rankine vortex, with the plasma rotating as a rigid body where the magnetic field is strong, as in the flux tube, while experiencing sheared azimuthal flow in the surrounding convection cells, forming a free vortex. As a result, the azimuthal velocity component has its maximum value close to the outer edge of the flux tube. The azimuthal flow inside the magnetic flux tube and the vortex flow is prograde relative to the rotating cylindrical reference frame. A retrograde flow appears at the outer wall. The most significant convection cell outside the flux tube is the location for the maximum value of the azimuthal magnetic field component. The azimuthal flow and magnetic structure are not generated spontaneously, but decay exponentially in the absence of any imposed rotation of the cylindrical domain
Additional file 1: of Healthcare provider knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices surrounding the prescription of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain in North America: protocol for a mixed-method systematic review
No full textPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) checklist. (DOCX 32 kb
- …
