739 research outputs found
[Jason Roach]
No full textJason Roach became the fifth Seahawk player to reach "The Show" during the 2003 Major League baseball season. Roach made his Major League debut on June 14, 2003, when he was the starting pitcher fro the New York Mets against the defending world champion Anaheim Angels in Anaheim, Calif.Trask ColiseumDisplay Case 10
The Retrospective Detective:Cognitive Bias and the Cold case Investigation
No full textMuch of the available research on police decision-making in criminal investigations tends to focus on the detrimental effects of cognitive bias in live/current homicide investigations, and not on how it might have a negative influence on investigative decision-making in cold case homicides. This arguably indicates the existence of a common assumption that, live or cold, criminal investigations require the same decision-making and so are vulnerable to the same bias and in the same ways. This chapter suggests that the very term ‘cold case’ is likely to have a different psychological bias effect on investigators of cold cases and to pose potentially a far stronger negative influence on the decisions that are made in cold as opposed to live cases. The idea that cold cases necessitate a different ‘investigative mindset’ to live cases is posited here, along with the suggestion that investigator confidence is likely to be undermined by an inherent framing effect which comes into play when people are told that they are to investigate a cold case, that does not with live cases. Also discussed are the implications of having to make decisions based on the result of numerous previous decisions made by prior police investigators, might have on cold-case investigators. This may in turn serve to increase the likelihood of confirmation bias when investigators review cold cases as they make decisions within a far more pessimistic frame than they do for live cases. The chapter ends with a tentative research agenda for increasing our understanding of decision-making processes in cold case homicide investigations
A reappraisal of the California Roach/Hitch (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Hesperoleucus/Lavinia) species complex
No full textBaumsteiger, Jason, Moyle, Peter B. (2019): A reappraisal of the California Roach/Hitch (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Hesperoleucus/Lavinia) species complex. Zootaxa 4543 (2): 221-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.
Practical Psychology for Policing
No full textAs contemporary policing becomes ever more complex, so knowledge of practical psychology becomes ever more important in everyday policing encounters, situations and contexts.This book suggests how new ways of applying psychological knowledge and research can be of benefit in a range of policing contexts, for example, beat patrols, preventing crime and using the self-selection policing approach to uncover serious criminality from less serious offences.Looking forward, Jason Roach suggests how psychological knowledge, research and policing might evolve together, to meet the changing challenges faced by contemporary policing.In encouraging critical thinking and practical application, this book is essential reading for both police practitioners and criminology, policing and psychology students
FIGURE 1 in A reappraisal of the California Roach/Hitch (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Hesperoleucus/Lavinia) species complex
No full textFIGURE 1. Historic, present, and translocated ranges of Hesperoleucus taxa in California. The range of the Northern Roach in Oregon is largely omitted. Overall range of each taxon is based on watersheds, so are only approximate, and should not be used for precise locational information. Representatives of each taxon may occasionally occur in areas from which they were historically present but are now shown as absent, such as low elevation regions of the Central Valley. The Cuyama River (southern California) apparently supports a population of Hesperoleucus, but its origins and relationships are unknown so it is omitted from this map.Published as part of Baumsteiger, Jason & Moyle, Peter B., 2019, A reappraisal of the California Roach/Hitch (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Hesperoleucus/Lavinia) species complex, pp. 221-240 in Zootaxa 4543 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261777
The disenfranchisement of prisoners : Roach v Electoral Commissioner & Anor - modernity v feudalism
No full textDavid Brown takes a road trip to Canberra for the Roach fixture at the High Court where modernity is attempting a fight-back against the resurrection of civil death. With echoes of Hunter S Thompson as rugby league follower, the author recounts a trip to Canberra to observe a case in which Vickie Lee Roach, an Indigenous woman prisoner, challenged (successfully as it later turns out) the Howard government's 2006 legislation disenfranchising all serving prisoners.\ud
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"West Texas Middleweight: The Story of LaVern Roach" author presentation
No full textFrank Sikes discusses his book "West Texas Middleweight: The Story of LaVern Roach." Available through the Texas Tech University Press
Terrorism’s Footprint of Fear
No full textTerrorists are often portrayed as the lowest form of combatant, labelled as murderers, criminals and madmen. Yet, this view is counterbalanced by the fact that those who engage in terrorism do so as a small minority at great risk to themselves, and occasionally even intentionally sacrificing themselves for their war or cause. A suicide-bomber is viewed as psychotic; a regular soldier who leads his troops forward to near-certain death can be heroic. Are these two types of combatant really so different? This chapter presents a fresh model for understanding terrorism and terrorists within the context of altruistic behaviour. The chapter draws on evolutionary approaches to understanding altruism in general in human behaviour, outlining the dynamics that allow altruism to function and flourish. Specific insights and models are then applied to terrorism, providing insight into our understanding of the individual psychology of terrorists as well as the contexts in which terrorist groups can emerge. We will not provide a full exposition of evolutionary psychology (EP), as other chapters in this book will address this. In addition, we do not pretend that all terrorism is altruistic (for any community), nor that altruism is the exclusive answer. Far from it, but we do contend that recognizing the altruistic dimension to terrorism is essential to fully understanding terrorism and, ultimately, moderating it. The words ‘terrorist’ and ‘altruist’ rarely appear in close proximity. Instead, terrorists are usually presented as deranged or cowardly. Occasionally, they are seen as freedom fighters, but the very existence of the alternative term makes clear that the terrorist is not virtuous. Terrorism stands as perhaps the most reviled form of combat, threatened only by its close relative, suicide-bombing, in the revulsion stakes. Contributing to the outcast nature of terrorism is the general trend for terrorism engagement to be very much a minority activity, even in communities and conflicts where there is otherwise widespread support for their activities (Alonso et al. 2008). Yet, for scholars of terrorism, the adage that one person’s terrorist is another one’s freedom fighter is a well-grounded recognition of the vacuous assumptions about terrorists’ motivations. Engaging in terrorism is a costly activity, with life and
limb on the line, suspension of a normal life – if this is even an option – inevitable and with little obvious gains to be made – the dreams of victorious triumph would seem unlikely to motivate any terrorist and the typical ongoing need to maintain a low profile prevents any immediate gains in community status as a pay-off. Why, then, do those who engage in terrorism do so? If we move past the negative spin, we are free to look at terrorists and recognize that, as for any other human endeavour, various motivations, proclivities and perspectives will have contributed to people engaging in terrorism. Understanding these motivations is essential to turning down, if not off, the terrorism tap. And while much work has already been undertaken to examine the cues and motivations for terrorism engagement (e.g. Borum 2011; McCauley & Moskalenko 2008; Moghadam 2003; Schmid 2013), the exercise for this present chapter is to examine the worth of applying a framework, EP, that is currently prompting a ground-shift in how general psychology interprets and studies human cognition and behaviour. And one of the central topics where evolutionary thinking has contributed important theory and empirical findings is in prosociality. In light of that, it seems worth examining the answer to the question: what can an evolutionary approach contribute to understanding terrorism as altruism
HO/RT1culture: Cultivating police use of Home Office Road Traffic 1 form to identify active serious offenders
No full textSelf-selection policing is the term given to the identification of serious active offenders by dint of their commission of more minor infractions. The paper explores the feasibility of using the nonproduction of documentation as required after the issue of an instruction to do so (form HO/RT1) as a way of identifying active, serious offenders. Such non-producers (no shows): 1. were more likely to have recorded offence histories on the Police National Computer (PNC); 2. had offence histories comprising two or more offences, significantly more than offending ‘shows’; 3. had offended more recently than offending ‘shows’; 4. were found to have an offence history including serious offences; 5. typically offended after HO/RT1 issue, demonstrating that their offending was more current than historical. The implications of these results for operational policing are contended to be substantial, and are discussed.<br/
Terrorists, affordance and the over-estimation of offence homogeneity
No full textIndeed, a cat doesn’t simply assess a mouse, it assesses it as a prospective meal. But the
cat doesn’t assess all animals as prospective meals, only mice (Martinez, 2005:53).
This short quotation taken from the Guillermo Martinez novel, The Oxford Murders, wonderfully
illustrates ‘affordance’, the central concept of this book. The cat’s perception of the mouse as a
meal, ‘affords’ the cat a behavioural option of killing and eating it, presumably because the
mouse is not likely to fight back where other animals might. One can assume that the
‘affordance’ for the cat would undoubtedly be different if the mouse was two meters tall and
wielding a baseball bat. If the popular myth propagated by children’s stories is to be believed,
then may be this explains why elephants are scared of mice. It is they who perceive mice in such
an intimidating way
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