1,430 research outputs found
Thermodynamic insights into the oxidation mechanisms of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy using in situ x-ray diffraction
Full text linkThis paper utilizes in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA). We found that (1) Mn is the major oxide-forming element in both vacuum and air environments, leading to the formation of non-protective oxides that deplete the bulk alloy of Mn; (2) no oxides like Cr2O3, Fe2O3, or Fe3O4 were observed during the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi, which contradicts some previous studies on the isothermal oxidation of CrMnFeCoNi HEA. We also analysed and compared the experimental results with thermodynamic calculations by using ThermoCalc version 2022b software following the CALPHAD method. ThermoCalc predicted spinel oxide in a vacuum environment, along with halite oxides observed in experimental results; also, in an atmospheric environment, it predicted only spinel, indicating the need for further investigation into factors to validate the thermodynamic predictions. Our study shows that the in situ HTXRD technique is a powerful tool to accurately identify time–temperature-dependent phase formation/transformation for studying oxidation behaviours and understanding oxidation mechanisms in HEAs.</p
La diversificazione intraclonale nei geni IGHV nella leucemia linfatica cronica: da un approccio bioinformatico alla clinica.
No full textIn dependence of the identity of the variable region of the heavy chain of the immunoglobulin
(IGHV) gene respect to the germline, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be subdivided into
U-CLL and M-CLL. The evaluation of the IGHV is a hallmark in CLL due to the stability during
time and its prognostic and predictive value. Despite this, IGHV intraclonal diversification (ID) has
been described in the Sanger era. However, in the Next Generation Sequencing era, no author
developed a solid and reliable workflow for ID identification and quantification. It follows that ID
characterization is still lacking. Moreover, nobody evaluated the clinical impact of ID in CLL yet.
Using the NGS technologies we exploited the immunoglobulin repertoire of 1091 CLL samplesto
generate a tailored approach for ID evaluation. Using these data, we developed an innovative
methodology to identify systematic sequencing errors (SE) on sequencing data of immunological
repertoire (RepSeq), correct them and evaluate ID through the calculation of the inverse Simpson
Index (iSI). With focused experiments, we demonstrated the robustness of our approach and the full
superimposition of corrected data with the gold standard for RepSeq, namely unique molecular
identifiers-based amplification protocol. Moreover, we validate our approach by analyzing other B
cell malignancies with documented ID producing a classification coherent with the literature. A
validated cutoff of 1.2 of iSI was generated to discriminate CLL samples with ID features (I) and
samples without (nI).
Among 983 CLL patients with iSI score available, only 15% of samples displayed ID according to
8
the iSI 1.2 cutoff. Both M-CLL and U-CLL have sample with ID, despite a significant ID skewing
toward M-CLL was found. No variation in IGHV family or gene usage according to the
presence/absence of ID was reported. Analyzing the RepSeq data for the identification of molecular
signatures compatible with canonical somatic hypermutation (SHM) processes we observed a
significant higher presence of mutations based on Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA)
in the context of I-CLL. Indeed, a significant higher AICDA mRNA levels was observed in I-M-
CLL. Lastly, taking advantage of 685 CLL patients with time to first treatment (TTFT) available,
we observed a significantly longer TTFT of I-M-CLL respect to nI-M-CLL, whereas no differences
were observed in U-CLL. In conclusion, we succeeded to quantitative characterize the CLL
intraclonal diversification phenomenon and to demonstrate its possible clinical correlation.In dependence of the identity of the variable region of the heavy chain of the immunoglobulin
(IGHV) gene respect to the germline, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be subdivided into
U-CLL and M-CLL. The evaluation of the IGHV is a hallmark in CLL due to the stability during
time and its prognostic and predictive value. Despite this, IGHV intraclonal diversification (ID) has
been described in the Sanger era. However, in the Next Generation Sequencing era, no author
developed a solid and reliable workflow for ID identification and quantification. It follows that ID
characterization is still lacking. Moreover, nobody evaluated the clinical impact of ID in CLL yet.
Using the NGS technologies we exploited the immunoglobulin repertoire of 1091 CLL samplesto
generate a tailored approach for ID evaluation. Using these data, we developed an innovative
methodology to identify systematic sequencing errors (SE) on sequencing data of immunological
repertoire (RepSeq), correct them and evaluate ID through the calculation of the inverse Simpson
Index (iSI). With focused experiments, we demonstrated the robustness of our approach and the full
superimposition of corrected data with the gold standard for RepSeq, namely unique molecular
identifiers-based amplification protocol. Moreover, we validate our approach by analyzing other B
cell malignancies with documented ID producing a classification coherent with the literature. A
validated cutoff of 1.2 of iSI was generated to discriminate CLL samples with ID features (I) and
samples without (nI).
Among 983 CLL patients with iSI score available, only 15% of samples displayed ID according to
8
the iSI 1.2 cutoff. Both M-CLL and U-CLL have sample with ID, despite a significant ID skewing
toward M-CLL was found. No variation in IGHV family or gene usage according to the
presence/absence of ID was reported. Analyzing the RepSeq data for the identification of molecular
signatures compatible with canonical somatic hypermutation (SHM) processes we observed a
significant higher presence of mutations based on Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA)
in the context of I-CLL. Indeed, a significant higher AICDA mRNA levels was observed in I-M-
CLL. Lastly, taking advantage of 685 CLL patients with time to first treatment (TTFT) available,
we observed a significantly longer TTFT of I-M-CLL respect to nI-M-CLL, whereas no differences
were observed in U-CLL. In conclusion, we succeeded to quantitative characterize the CLL
intraclonal diversification phenomenon and to demonstrate its possible clinical correlation
Klasifikasi Citra MRI Tumor Otak Menggunakan Metode Hibrida CNN-ViT
No full textA tumor is an abnormal cell that can grow in any part of the human body. This also includes the brain which is the most important organ for humans. Brain tumors can arise because a cell that should grow and die within a certain period of time remains alive and multiplies abnormally. Brain tumors require fast and accurate medical diagnosis because a patient needs to get immediate treatment.
The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms for image data processing and analysis and has been incorporated into medical image classification. In addition, there is also a Vision Transformer algorithm that divides the image into several patches and tokenizes each pixel of the image.
Based on this explanation, the author classifies brain tumor MRI images using the CNN-ViT hybrid method. The result of this research is the accuracy and performance of CNN-ViT hybrid compared to CNN and ViT in classifying brain tumors. The best accuracy results were obtained by CNN-ViT with an average test accuracy of 93%, CNN with an average test accuracy of 90.80% and ViT with an average test accuracy of 84.80%. In addition, the classification report results of the best scenario CNN-ViT obtained with data division 80:10:10, Adam optimization and learning rate 0.0001% are accuracy of 94%, precision of 95%, recall of 94% and f1 score of 94%
Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Vit D Insufficiency - A Case Report and Discussion
No full textMetabolic syndrome (MetS) associated with hypothyroidism, was reported in literature. Like-wise association between hypothyroidism and Vit. D deficiency was reported. Hypothyroidism, Vit. D deficiency in DM2 patients was also reported, in the literature. But the occurrence of MetS, hypothyroidism and Vit. D deficiency, together occurring in a case was unreported. The author presented such triple association in a male patient aged 54 years. While Met S itself was a risk factor for CVD (cardiovascular vascular disease) and so were independently, the hypothyroidism and hypovitaminosis D, the triple association would have cumulative risk for CVD. So, it would be profitable to screen all MetS cases with hypothyroidism, for Vit. D deficiency also, in view of the possible cumulative risk. Literature was reviewed as to the relationship of MetS to hypothyroidism and Vit D deficiency, as well as the changing diagnostic criteria of MetS and it’s pathogenesis
Magnesium alloys for high performance structural components in automotive industry
No full textMagnesium as the lightest structural metal has a great potential for major use in the automotive industry. However, unfavorable properties such as corrosion, flammability, poor cold workability and cost restrict applications to low volume or “niche” automotive production. High pressure die castings of specialty Mg alloys such as Mg-Al-RE or Mg-RE-Zn alloys (RE – rare earth elements) provide excellent combination of elevated temperature strength at low-weight with potential to substitute common Al-Si casting grades. Twin roll casting in combination with superplastic forming is on the other hand raising potential of sheet material with sufficient hot formability and low cost of manufacturing. It has been observed that if hot deformation is applied on as-twin-roll-cast material (AZ91, WE43) continuous dynamic recrystallization of initial coarse dendritic as-cast microstructure is taking place. Strain rate sensitivity of AZ91alloy increased with increasing level of strain from 0.20 to 0.33 allowing more uniform deformation without necking
Automotive applications for magnesium
No full textWhile magnesium alloys were quite widely used in transport applications in the period from the end of World War II until the mid-1950s, their automotive use then declined virtually to zero. Despite the fact that magnesium is the lightest structural metal and major efforts were made to reduce vehicle mass after the fuel crises of the mid-1970s, the magnesium content remained well under 1% of the mass of a typical car. However, in the last decade, or so, there has been a huge growth in interest in the possibility of far greater use of magnesium in automobile construction, particularly in the form of high pressure die castings. This has been accompanied by dramatic increase in the volume of magnesium produced and changes in the location of magnesium extraction so that some 85% is now produced in China. The development efforts to produce sheet material more economically via twin-roll casting, develop superior casting alloys, and achieve a better understanding of their service properties are summarized as are the economic and environmental implications. It is concluded that there are few remaining technical obstacles to greater use but economic and environmental issues remain
Half a century of development economics : a review based on the"Handbook of Development Economics"
Full text linkDevelopment economics has made remarkable progress in 50 years, says the author, summarizing changes in the field since Nehru's first proposals for an independent India. Synthesizing insights about changes in the field from the many contributors to the"Handbook of Development Economics,"the author observes (among other things): 1) Different schools of thought may dominate, but the range of research has broadened. Economics has"hardened"as its practitioners have learned to use data more carefully and to reason more rigorously. 2) The policy message has been turned upside down. Gone is the idea that development is industrialization and that the main policy problem is to manage the interface between country and city. Today urbanization and industrialization are viewed as mere components of an integrated transformation, in which the expansion of foreign trade is central. Traditional institutions are viewed with far more understanding, because overhasty modernization has often proved counterproductive. 3) More than ever, development is seen as a"whole replacement"process, the key to which is mastery of Northern technology--now understood to be both simpler and more complex than previously thought. Simpler, because much technology is uncomplicated, and complex because even simple technology requires ingenuity and a costly investment in adaptations. 4) There has been a radical change in economists'view of market agents and policymakers. Gone are the days when economists thought their advice should be aimed mainly at planners. Policymakers are utility maximizers, too. Employees of state enterprises coalesce into powerful interest groups that block efforts to raise productivity. The new thinking is sometimes modified by evoking the vague concept of"governance,"under which the economist's view is to help design a system of interacting state and private institutions that, led by the state, cooperate in achieving social goals. Whether something useful will come from this line of thinking remains to be seen. The author detects major gaps in economists'undrstanding of development, suggesting a particular need for further study of collective action (a far more pervasive component of human action than is realized) and the selection of roles by individuals and the costly investment this entails (a concept that may shed light on Schumpeter's well-known but little-studied entrepreneur).Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Decentralization,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Achieving Shared Growth,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
Ta voix vit/Nous vivons : la genèse d’un poème d’Habib Tengour à l’aune de ses avant-textes
Full text linkCet article entend proposer quelques pistes de réflexion sur le processus de genèse d’un poème de Habib Tengour, auteur algérien. L’analyse de différents avant-textes du poème « Ta voix vit/Nous vivons », à paraître dans la revue Po&sie, permet de mettre en valeur un certain nombre de spécificités de cette écriture.This article intends to propose some reflection tracks on the genetic process of a poem by Algerian author Habib Tengour. The analysis of various foretexts of the poem « Ta voix vit/Nous vivons », about to appear in the review Po&sie, allows to bring out a number Tengour’s writing characteristics
Towards a Practical Emergent Knowledge Exploitation
No full textProvided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the publishe
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