1,536 research outputs found
Neural mechanisms of attention become more specialised during infancy: Insights from combined eye tracking and EEG
No full textThe Fixation Shift Paradigm (FSP) measures infants' ability to shift gaze from a central fixation stimulus to a peripheral target (e.g. Hood & Atkinson, 1993: Infant Behavior and Development, 16(4), 405-422). Cortical maturation has been suggested as crucial for the developing ability to shift attention. This study investigated the development of neural mechanisms by combining EEG with simultaneous eye tracking during FSP testing, in typically developing infants aged between 1 and 8 months. The most prominent neural response was a frontal positivity which occurred only in the hemisphere contralateral to the target in the youngest infants but became more ipsilateral with age. This changing lateralisation was associated with improving ability to shift attention (decreasing saccade latencies and fewer 'sticky fixations'-failures to disengage attention from the central target). These findings suggest that the lateralisation of neural responses develops during infancy, possibly due to developing intracortical connections, allowing infants to shift attention more efficiently.DAAD; Leverhulme Trus
Relation Between Event-Related Potential Latency and Saccade Latency in Overt Shifts of Attention
No full textNeural Differences between Covert and Overt Attention Studied using EEG with Simultaneous Remote Eye Tracking
No full textResearch on neural mechanisms of attention has generally instructed subjects to direct attention covertly while maintaining a fixed gaze. This study combined simultaneous eye tracking and electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure neural attention responses during exogenous cueing in overt attention shifts (with saccadic eye movements to a target) and compared these with covert attention shifts (responding manually while maintaining central fixation). EEG analysis of the period preceding the saccade latency showed similar occipital response amplitudes for overt and covert shifts, although response latencies differed. However, a frontal positivity was greater during covert attention shifts, possibly reflecting saccade inhibition to maintain fixation. The results show that combined EEG and eye tracking can be successfully used to study natural overt shifts of attention (applicable to non-verbal infants) and that requiring inhibition of saccades can lead to additional frontal responses. Such data can be used to refine current neural models of attention that have been mainly based on covert shifts.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 201
Automatic Detection of Attention Shifts in Infancy: Eye Tracking in the Fixation Shift Paradigm
No full textThis study measured changes in switches of attention between 1 and 9 months of age in 67 typically developing infants. Remote eye-tracking (Tobii X120) was used to measure saccadic latencies, related to switches of fixation, as a measure of shifts of attention, from a central stimulus to a peripheral visual target, measured in the Fixation Shift Paradigm. Fixation shifts occur later if the central fixation stimulus stays visible when the peripheral target appears (competition condition), than if the central stimulus disappears as the peripheral target appears (non-competition condition). This difference decreases with age. Our results show significantly faster disengagement in infants over 4 months than in the younger group, and provide more precise measures of fixation shifts, than behavioural observation with the same paradigm. Reduced saccadic latencies in the course of a test session indicate a novel learning effect. The Fixation Shift Paradigm combined with remote eye-tracking measures showed improved temporal and spatial accuracy compared to direct observation by a trained observer, and allowed an increased number of trials in a short testing time. This makes it an infant-friendly non-invasive procedure, involving minimal observational training, suitable for use in future studies of clinical populations to detect early attentional abnormalities in the first few months of life
Letter from Harry G. Atkinson, Chief, Intelligence Branch, Security and Intelligence Division, to George Hideo Nakamura, October 16, 1945
No full textCorrespondence from Harry Atkinson to George Hideo Nakamura regarding withdrawal of limitations imposed by Nakamura's removal.The Japanese American Archival Collection documents the people, places, and daily life of Japanese Americans, primarily those who lived in the once thriving community of pre-war Florin in the Sacramento region, as well as the conditions in American incarceration camps during World War II. The approximately 7,000 original items include personal and official letters, photographs, diaries, arts and crafts, newsletters, textiles, camps artifacts, yearbooks and other publications
Military Life at Fort Atkinson 1819-1827
No full textThis thesis uses an in depth examination of documents and other archeological finds in order to give an accurate description of military life at Fort Atkinson from 1819-1827.During the summer of 1956, the Nebraska State Historical Society Field Party, conducted by Marvin F. Kivett, Director of the Museum, excavated a portion of the site of the fort, near Fort Calhoun, Nebraska.The author was granted access to the material recovered by this archeological field party for the writing of this thesis.
The author first gives an examination of the background behind For Atkinson, including a description of the Yellowstone Expedition and the expedition for Council Bluffs.The author then goes on to discuss the construction of the fort, the general routines of those who lived at Fort Atkinson, the quartermaster and their duties, the medical department and even details of the musicians and band that worked at the fort.The author also wrote of the relations Fort Atkinson had with neighboring Indian tribes and finally discusses the reasons behind the decision to abandon Fort Atkinson and the overall significance of Fort Atkinson.
Advisor: James C. Olso
Nancy Atkinson
No full textAn Author Event presented by The Friends of the University of Adelaide Library, 16 August 2018, Ira Raymond Exhibition Room, Barr Smith Library.Emma will speak about Nancy Atkinson who was a pioneer bacteriologist in antibiotics and salmonellas from 1939 at the University of Adelaide and the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science. Interestingly, Emma’s grandmother, Jessica McEwin (nee Mawson), was working at the University of Adelaide as a bacteriologist at the same time as Nancy Atkinson. Writing about Nancy continues Emma’s theme of promoting lives which might otherwise go unrecognised. Situating Nancy Atkinson in the context of women scientists of the 20th Century and more particularly in the context of South Australian women scientists will help to highlight the significance of her achievements and contributions to scientific research. Emma will be making use of Nancy’s papers that are held in Special Collections
[Portrait of E. J. Rupert Atkinson] [picture].
No full textTitle devised by cataloguer from compactus card.; Condition: good, glued to compactus card.; "E. J. Rupert Atkinson (Evelyn John), Australian author & playwright, see Who's who 1927" --compactus card. E. J. Rupert Atkinson wrote a number of volumes of lyric, narrative and philosophical verse and plays
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