125 research outputs found
Bischof contra prophet
No full textWitulski T. Bischof contra prophet. Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses. 2015;91(1):55-86.The author of the book of Rev preaches the conception of a "heavenly leadership of the church" which consists of God himself as universal epsilon pi iota sigma kappa omicron pi omicron zeta and the twenty-four presbyters/elders connected to him as pi rho epsilon sigma beta upsilon-tau epsilon rho iota omicron nu . This "heavenly" board exercises a governing church function for the community of earthly Christians characterised by the momentum of equality by stating its will to chosen people via revelatory messages. With this conception of a church constitution which he developed as a contrasting analogy he polemicises implicitly against the model of a hierarchically structured local church contoured for example in the letters of Ignatius, the bishop of Antioch. This model began to take ground in the Roman province Asia, amongst other places, in the first half of the second century AD to remove the basis of existence of free prophetic circles, like for instance the circle of supporters of Rev. The concept of a "heavenly leadership of the church" becoming visible in Rev within which Christendom is structured in an egalitarian manner shows clear parallels to the structural organization of the so-called "Johannine school" appearing for example in the three letters of John, an observation which makes the assumption of a positive relationship between the latter and the circle of supporters of Rev seem very likely
Lichtanpassung in Seegräsern des Gezeitenbereichs : räumliche und diurnale Veränderungen und die Rolle von Sedimentfrachten
No full textSeagrasses are the prevailing macrophytes along soft sediment coasts. One of the most important anthropogenic stressors for benthic macrophytes is increased suspended sediment loads and the attenuation of underwater light. Along many temperate coasts seagrasses occur predominantly in the intertidal but knowledge on the photophysiology of intertidal seagrasses is scarce. Studies focussing on the photoecophysiology of intertidal seagrasses are therefore urgently needed and the aim of this thesis was to fill this gap and provide some in-depth information on light acclimation mechanisms in intertidal seagrasses over diurnal and spatial scales. In a second step the impacts of suspended sediments on the underwater light regime and thus seagrass photosynthesis were examined. The first study assessed light adaptive strategies in a comparative analysis of the congeneric seagrass species Zostera muelleri and Zostera marina at two case study areas in New Zealand and Germany. The results showed marked fluctuations of photophysiology (maximum and effective quantum yield, non-photochemical quenching, cycling of xanthophyll cycle (XC) pigments) over daily and tidal cycles with a full xanthophyll cycle at both locations. At the New Zealand site we also observed significantly larger XC-pigment pool sizes in seagrass leaves sampled in a week when low tide coincided with noon. This very dynamic adjustment of xanthophyll pool sizes has not been previously reported for intertidal seagrasses and highlights their ability to adjust to strongly fluctuating irradiances in the intertidal. The high physiological plasticity of Zostera in light-saturated environments was also illustrated by the second study, which evaluated spatial differences in seagrass cover related to environmental conditions (light, temperature, sediment grain size distribution, and porewater nutrients) and differences in seagrass photosynthetic pigment composition and morphometry (above and below ground biomass, shoot length and leaf width, and percentage cover) at four sites in the meso-tidal estuarine lagoon of Tauranga Harbour, North Island, New Zealand. There were marked differences in pigment content and composition (as a marker of physiological plasticity), seagrass metrics as well as in environmental conditions. Our findings emphasize the high physiological plasticity and revealed also morphological plasticity of Zostera muelleri. Both studies underlined the general high light adaptation of intertidal seagrasses and their ability to thrive in fluctuating light environments. However, strong reductions in light conditions, e.g., through increased sediment loads entering coastal systems, may negatively affect seagrasses. Hence, the third study elucidated to what extent different sediment types (marine vs terrestrial) in different concentrations changed the underwater light regime in terms of overall photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the attenuation coefficient of downward irradiance of PAR (Kd) and quality (spectral composition). In a tank experiment the influence of different sediment types and concentrations were determined. In situ measurements of light quality and quantity, and suspended sediments (total suspended solids, TSS) at 12 sites in and outside of Tauranga Harbour, demonstrated that the lowest Kd and TSS values were found outside, and the highest within the harbour. Different scenarios for sediment loads, how they influence the underwater light regime and the potential for the vertical distribution of seagrass meadows are discussed. Relatively low Kd values of ~1 (as observed e.g., at the inner site of the lagoon) may already lead to maximum colonization depths of less than ~2 m, i.e., a limitation of seagrasses to intertidal habitats. This shows that current sediment loads and the resulting light conditions impair the growth of seagrasses beyond the intertidal at most sites. The (re)colonization of subtidal habitats may require significantly lower sediment loads entering the coastal zone. Therefore, authorities should consider an effective management on land and at the coast to keep anthropogenic sediment inputs at a minimum
Wann und wo wurde zum ersten Mal ein Bischof von Zadar erwähnt?
No full textAutor je u proučavanju zadarske crkvene povijesti pokušao na temelju dostupnih izvora, osobito izvješća Atanazija Aleksandrijskog, i na temelju relevantne literature riješiti u dosadašnjoj literaturi često ponavljani problem postojanja zadarskog gradskog biskupa već u prvoj polovici IV. stoljeća. Došao je do zaključka da je razvoj crkvenih struktura grada Zadra i njegova područja, gradskog municipija, protekao otprilike podjednako kao i u drugim središtima rimske provincije Dalmacije, osobito u centru carske provincije u Saloni, jer kršćanstvo kao nova duhovna snaga nije nipošto zaobišlo tu provinciju. Prema tome je Zadar već na samom početku IV. stoljeća imao svoga gradskog biskupa, svakako prije Milanskog edikta, koji je podupirao odluke Rimske sinode iz 341. godine i nešto kasnije sudjelovao na saboru u Sardici. Danas poznato samo ime zadarskog biskupa Feliksa iz god. 381., koji je sudjelovao u radu Akvilejske i Milanske biskupske sinode, jest pokazatelj nestanka izvora tijekom dugih stoljeća kršćanske prošlosti. Akvilejski je biskup Teodor s đakonom Augustunom na saboru u Arlesu god. 314. za Crkvu provincije Dalmacije zastupao ne samo solinskog već i zadarskog nepoznatog biskupa. Stoga se može reći da je Zadar već krajem III. stoljeća imao svoga biskupa i da se osnutak zadarske kršćanske zajednice zbio prije spomenutog sabora u Arlesu god. 314., na kojem je Crkvu Dalmacije predstavljao biskup Akvileje.In researching Zadar Church history, the author makes an attempt, on the basis of available data and the relevant literature, to solve the problem often encountered in extant literature of the existence of a Zadar city bishop as early as the first half of the IVth century. He draws the conclusion that the development of Church structures in the city of Zadar and its vicinity, the city municipium, proceeded approximately in the same fashion as in the other centers of the Roman province of Dalmatia. This was particularly true as far as the center of the imperial province in Salona goes because Christianity as a new spiritual force did not bypass this province. Accordingly, at the very beginning of the IVth century Zadar had its city bishop who supported the decisions of the Roman synod from 314 and a bit later participated in the council in Sardica. The fact that today we only know the name of the Zadar bishop, Felix, from the year 381 who participated in the Aquilea and Milan bishop synod is an indicates the disappearance of the original source material during the long centuries of Christian history. The Aquilian bishop Theodore with deacon Augustun represented not only the Salona bishop but also the unknown bishop from Zadar at the Arles council in 314. Therefore it can be said that already by the end of the IIIth century Zadar had its own bishop and that the founding of the Zadar Christian community took place before the above mentioned Arles council in 314 at which the bishop of Aquilea represented the Dalmatian Church.Die berechtigte historische Frage, wann und wo zum ersten Mal ein Bischof von Zadar erwähnt wurde, lässt sich sehr schwer sachgerecht einordnen, da heute kaum zeitgenössische Quellen vorhanden sind, die für die Entwicklung der kirchlichen Strukturen in der römischen Provinz Dalmatien aufschlußreich wären. Sogar für die Hauptstadt der Provinz (Salona) lässt sich heute der Christianisierungsprozess nicht mehr lückenlos verfolgen. Die ersten Spuren einer Christianisierung lassen sich in der Stadt Zadar und seiner Umgebung erst Anfang des 4. Jahrhunderts feststellen. In der älteren Historiographie, die Valerius Ponte (1603–1679), Johannes Tanzlingher-Zanotti (1651–1732) und Daniele Farlati (1690–1773) symbolisieren, wurde die Ansicht vertreten, dass der erste Bischof von Zadar Felix hieß; dieser nahm an der Synode von Aquileia (381) und Mailand (391) teil. Vitaliano Brunelli, dem auch Mate Suić folgt, vermittelt die Forschungsergebnisse dieser Gruppe in der neueren Literatur. Eine andere einflußreiche Gruppe von Kirchenhistorikern, vor allem der kroatischen Kirchenhistoriker (Krunoslav Draganović, Stanko Bačić und Mile Vidović) ist der Meinung, dass ein Bischof von Zadar, dessen Name unbekannt geblieben ist, mit seinen Kollegen aus Dalmatien an der römischen Synode 341, die Julius I. einberufen hat, teilgenommen hat. Dies lässt sich aber nicht mit dem Bericht des Athansius von Alexandrien in seiner Historia Arianorum in Einklang bringen, in der der einflußreiche Kirchenlehrer schreibt, dass die Bischöfe aus Dalmatien die Entscheidung des römischen Konzils unterstützt haben. Eine Ausnahme in der Historiographie stellte Carlo Federico Bianchi mit seiner Zara christiana (vol. 1, Zara, 1877, 29–30) dar, der den mittelalterlichen Chroniken Vertrauen schenkte und die Meinung vertrat, Zadar habe einen Bischof schon in der apostolischen Zeit gehabt und dieser hieß Donatus. In diesem kleinen Beitrag wurde die historische Frage erörtert, wann und wo zum ersten Mal ein Bischof von Zadar erwähnt worden ist. Aufgrund der vorhandenen Quellen – Historia Arianorum ad monachos des Athanasios von Alexandrien – lässt sich nicht eindeutig behaupten, dass ein nicht mit Namen bekannter Bischof von Zadar an der römischen Synode 341 teilgenommen hat; dieser habe lediglich die Entscheidung des Konzils unterstützt. Andererseits lässt sich auch die Teilnahme des Bischofs von Zadar auf der Synode von Sardika 343 nicht eindeutig belegen, weil Athanasios in seiner Apologia contra Arianos nur sumarisch berichtet, ein Bischof aus Dalmatien war auf dem Konzil anwesend. Da der Bischof von Salona, Maximus (ca. 326–346) nicht an den synodalen Tagungen in Sardika teilgenommen hat, ist Zadar der einzige Ort in der römischen Provinz Dalmatien, aus welchem ein Bischof auf dieser Synode teilnehmen konnte: Zadar war im 4. Jahrhundert neben Salona das einzige Bistumsmunizipium in der römischen Provinz Dalmatien, die anderen Diözesen entlang der dalmatinischen Adriaküste schienen erst im 5. Jahrhundert gegründet worden zu sein. Aufgrund der vorhandenen Quellen lässt sich heute nur vermuten, dass Zadar nicht nur vor dem Konzil in Rom und Sardika eine Bischofsresidenz war, sondern die Stadt müsste schon früher eine christliche Gemeinde gehabt haben. In den Akten des Konzils von Arles wird 314 von einer Provinz “Dalmatia” gesprochen: Wenn der Bischof von Aquilea 314 auf dem Konzil von Arles die Kirche Dalmatiens vertreten hat, dann hat dieser nicht nur die Kirche von Salona, sondern auch die Kirche von Zadar vertreten
"attento etiam can. 1376“ - Der Bischof und das neue Strafrecht
No full textDer Autor thematisiert in diesem Artikel die Aufgabe zur Strafverfolgung durch den Diözesanbischof im Lichte des neuen Strafrechts. Die Pflicht zur Strafverfolgung ist dabei nur be-dingt gegeben, vielmehr ist es ggf. möglich, dass sich der Bischof selbst strafbar macht, wenn er verfrüht eine Strafverfolgung einleitet und die notwendigen vorausgehenden Schritte nicht sorgfältig ausführt. Es gilt, jede mögliche Strafanzeige zunächst auf Plausibilität zu prüfen. Auch die notwendigen Abwägungen um eine mögliche Rufschädigung werden thematisiert. Der Autor schlussfolgert, dass insbesondere im deutschen Kontext sehr genau auf die universalkirchlichen Vorgaben zu achten ist, damit kein Diözesanbischof in die Gefahr gerät, sich selbst außerhalb des Gesetzes zu bewegen. Das notwendige Handeln auf der einen Seite darf nicht zu einem Übereifer auf der anderen führen.In this article, the author discusses the task of judicial prosecution by the diocesan bishop in the light of the new penal law. The duty to prosecute is not necessarily given, rather it is possible that the bishop may be liable to prosecution himself if he initiates a prosecution prematurely and does not carefully carry out the necessary preliminary steps. Every possible criminal complaint must first be examined for plausibility. The necessary consideration of possible damage to reputation is also addressed. The author concludes that, especially in the German context, very close attention must be paid to the universal canon law so that no diocesan bishop runs the risk of moving outside the law himself. The necessary action on the one hand must not lead to overeagerness on the other
A Comparison of Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Heart Failure in Two Medical Settings: A Heart Failure Clinic and a Physician Practice
No full textHeart Failure (HF), a major chronic disease that affects 4.8 million Americans, traditionally is medically managed by a primary care physician, with acute treatment at hospital emergency rooms often followed by inpatient admission. Ongoing support (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, intervention, symptom management, and end of life care), education, and intervention over the continuum are important to manage HF. The Modeling Role Modeling theory (Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain), is the study\u27s conceptual framework. When an individual knows about their illness, they mobilize internal/external resources to gain, maintain, or promote equilibrium. These resources affect daily activities. The purpose of this descriptive study is to compare perceptions of quality of life (QOL) in adult HF patients in two different treatment settings: a HF clinic and physician practices. IRB approval was obtained. Inclusion criteria included adults ages 18 or older, HF diagnosis for greater than six months, current medical management of HF, ability to read/write English, and verbal validation of orientation to time, place, person. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS and SF Health Outcomes Scoring Software.
Convenience samples were used. Subject age (n=60) ranged from 24 to 85 years of age. Mean age in the HF clinic was lower (56.3) than the physician practice (72.9). In the total sample 41(68.3%) were male and 19(31.7%) were female. The majority of the sample 53 (68.3%) were white and 7(11.7%) were black (p=.044). There were no Asian or Hispanic subjects.
The research questions that were addressed in this study are as follows:
1. Does health-related QOL differ among HF patients who are receiving medical care in two different clinical settings as measured by the SF-36v2 Health Survey using the Physical Component Scale (PCS) and the Mental Component Scale (MCS)? There was no significance difference found in the PCS score (p=.889) or the MCS score (p=.135). Of 8 sub-scores only role-emotional showed significance (p=.007).
2. Does disease specific QOL differ among HF patients who are receiving medical care in two different clinical settings as measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) total score, physical sub-score, and emotional sub-score? No significant differences in the MLHFQ total score (p=.907) with mean scores of 2 groups virtually equal, (HF clinic=46.4, physician office=47.2). The physical dimension sub-score was not different (p=.896). Mean sub-scores in the 2 groups were virtually equal, (HF Clinic=19.6, physician practice=19.3). The emotional dimension sub-score was not significant (p=.953)(HF Clinic=10.4, physician practice=10.5). No significant difference in disease specific QOL.
3. Are there differences in self care resources of HF patients that are receiving medical care in two different clinical settings as measured by the Self Care Resource Inventory and the Needs(SCRIN) and Availability(SCRIA) sub scores? Several items showed significance. Both the internal (p=.003) and external (p=\u3c.001) SCRIN showed difference. The external (p=.004) SCRIA showed difference
Author Correction: QUAREP-LiMi: a community endeavor to advance quality assessment and reproducibility in light microscopy
No full textTomasi di Lampedusa's figurative sensibility: images of melancholy and pictorial representations in The Leopard
No full textEsta dissertação investiga a sensibilidade figurativa do escritor italiano Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa e seus desdobramentos no único romance de sua autoria, O Leopardo, de 1958. De caráter interdisciplinar e comparatista, partiu do pressuposto de que o autor dedica atenção particular às formas do universo social no qual os seus personagens estão inseridos e mobiliza essas formas em uma composição literária que revela tensões do período de transformação histórica que é pano de fundo da obra. Ambientada durante o Risorgimento Italiano, na segunda metade do século XIX, a trama revela a decadência aristocrática a partir da trajetória da família siciliana Còrbera di Salina, cujo representante máximo é o protagonista do livro, Príncipe Dom Fabrizio, que reage com melancolia e ceticismo às mudanças de seu tempo. A pesquisa, assim, buscou (i) investigar as imagens que ecoam o caráter melancólico do protagonista; (ii) compreender o impacto, na composição narrativa, da relação desse personagem com os ambientes da trama; (iii) como desdobramento tanto da compreensão do personagem quanto dos mecanismos descritivos da obra, analisar a presença frequente de objetos artísticos nos espaços e conjuntos arquitetônicos do romance, em especial de retratos pictóricos tradicionalmente associados à exaltação de status e poder.This dissertation investigates the figurative sensibility of the Italian writer Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa and its developments in his only novel, The Leopard, published in 1958. Interdisciplinary and comparative in nature, it starts from the assumption that the author pays particular attention to the forms of the social universe in which his characters are inserted and mobilizes these forms in a literary composition that reveals tensions of the historical transformation period that serves as the backdrop for the novel. Set during the Italian Risorgimento, in the second half of the 19th century, the plot reveals the aristocratic decadence through the trajectory of the Sicilian Còrbera di Salina family, whose maximum representative is the protagonist, Prince Don Fabrizio, who reacts with melancholy and skepticism to the changes of his time. The research, therefore, attempted to (i) investigate the images that echo the melancholic character of the protagonist; (ii) understand the impact, on the narrative composition, of his relationship with the spaces of the book; (iii) as a consequence of both the understanding of the character and the descriptive mechanisms, analyze the frequent presence of artistic objects in the spaces and architectural sets of the novel, especially pictorial portraits traditionally associated with the exaltation of status and power
List of authors
No full textGünter Bischof is the Marshall Plan Professor of History and Director of Center-Austria and a University Research Professor at the University of New Orleans. He is a historian of World War II and the Cold War and has dealt with issues of economic development in his studies of the Marshall Plan after World War II. He is the (co-)editor of the series Contemporary Austrian Studies (22 vols.) and TRANSATLANTICA (7 vols.) and author of Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten: Austria and the United St..
Biographical Sketches
No full textGűnter Bischof is a native of Austria and graduate of the Universities of Innsbruck, New Orleans, and Harvard. He is a University Research Professor of History and the Director of CenterAustria at the University of New Orleans; he served as a visiting professor at the Universities of Munich, Innsbruck, Salzburg, Vienna, LSU, Liberal Arts University in Moscow, and the Economics Universities of Vienna and Prague; he is the author of Austria in the First Cold War, 1945-55 (1999) and co-editor of..
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