671 research outputs found
De iustitia Dei vindicativa
No full textquam speciminis loco pro consequendo S.S. ministerii munere praeside ... Samuele Scheurer ... placidae disquisitioni subiicit Samuel Morlot, Bernas, author, ad diem 13. Martii 1741. h.l.q.s.Diss. Hohe Schule Bern, 174
Performance measures for public transport accessibility: Learning from international practice
No full textThere is a growing recognition by city policymakers that urban public transport systems can be developed in such a way that travelers can be offered an alternative to car-based travel. How to evolve the public transport system for this purpose is a significant challenge and raises questions of accessibility and quality largely absent from current planning evaluation. This paper explores the use of accessibility performance measures, both to assess the extent of current public transport accessibility and as a potential metric for future planning and investment. The Spatial Network Analysis for Multimodal Urban Transport Systems (SNAMUTS) tool is employed for analysis of accessibility. A sample of 21 international cities is assessed, representing a range of transport and land-use policy contexts from best to ordinary practice, including those held up as exemplars in public transport infrastructure, service planning, and delivery in Europe and North America. The findings show that the incidence of successful metropolitan public transport systems, as measured by patronage, can be linked to accessibility performance measures of network and service configurations.Curtis, Carey; Scheurer, Jan. (2017). Performance measures for public transport accessibility: Learning from international practice. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.5198/jtlu.2015.683
Planning for disruptive transport technologies: how prepared are Australian transport agencies?
No full textIn Australia, corporations are playing an increasing role in the shaping of urban regions through their ability to mobilize capital to support large infrastructure projects and to usurp institutional planning roles which have traditionally been the responsibility of public-sector agencies. The chapter outlines emerging evidence of changes in the roles of corporations in generating ideas and mobilizing political support for their favoured city-shaping projects, and shows that the private sector is embedded in the processes of government, such as planning, in increasingly complex ways. Through ‘market-led’ or ‘unsolicited’ proposal evaluation frameworks, corporations can now bring proposals to political leaders in ways which go outside traditional planning processes and bypass conventional engagement with civil society.In this context, we present data from a recent survey of planners in state and national land-use and transport agencies. The survey, conducted through semi-structured interviews, gathered information about the expectations of these organizations in relation to the nature and timing of the deployment of new AV technologies; about the potential implications for achieving environmental and social planning objectives; and about the collective infrastructure investments that AV technologies may require. This work is being used to shape a new research agenda to explore the planning and regulatory frameworks that are needed to ensure that the AV technologies can be deployed in ways that maximize the public good.<br/
Planning the driverless city
No full textAV technologies have the potential to transform urban landscapes and existing transport systems and networks. Yet, the utopian imaginary of reduced automobile ownership and a new shared economic future sits in tension with suggestions that car dependency, urban sprawl and transport inaccessibility will be exacerbated. The issues are situated in a complex governance landscape involving an influential private sector who are increasingly setting the agenda. The public sector may be forced into reacting to the new innovations by information technology and automobile companies as they are introduced into existing built environments. Drawing on an extensive literature base and interviews with public sector planners, this paper reveals the conceptual gaps in the framing of AV technology – the prospects and limits – and how these are conceived. The paper raises questions about the role urban planning can play in the rollout of AVs in order to anticipate and mediate unwanted built environment and socio-spatial impacts, as well as reconciling the ambition of transport innovation with the public purpose of planning
Centrality and connectivity in public transport networks and their significance for transport sustainability in cities
No full textThe promotion of public transport as a backbone of mobility in urban agglomerations, or at least as an alternative to the dominance of the automobile, has become a prominent policy focus in most large cities around the world. However, while some cities have been successful in shifting car journeys onto rail and buses, others are struggling despite considerable effort to make public transport more attractive. This paper provides a brief overview of success factors for public transport and then takes the configuration of public transport networks as a vantage point for policy evaluation. The development of centrality and connectivity indicators for the public transport network of Melbourne's north-eastern suburbs delivers an instrument for assessing the congruence of the systems with the geographical structure of central areas and urban activities in these cities. It is hypothesised that a higher number of convenient transfer points and a choice of routes to users (network connectivity), as well as a high degree of spatial overlap and integration between public transport infrastructure and urban activity centres and corridors (centrality of facilities) will lead to a greater role for public transport in the mobility patterns of the city as a whole
How intermediate capacity modes provide accessibility and resilience in metropolitan transit networks: insights from a global study of 19 cities
No full textDrawing on the Spatial Network Analysis of Multimodal Urban Transport Systems (SNAMUTS) accessibility tool, this paper introduces comparative results of public transport network performance measures in 19 metropolitan regions in developed countries. These results are assessed typologically and functionally to highlight the contribution of each common public transport mode to maximize (or not) the integration of transport networks with the urban structure to optimize accessibility outcomes. It is shown that the capacity and performance spectrum embodied by each mode represents a gradual scale that allocates a specific niche to intermediate modes, particularly trams that are present in half the cities studied and absent from the others.
In a comparison of Munich, Germany, where a full spectrum of public transport modes is present, and Hamburg, Germany, where there is a performance gap between heavy rail and buses, accessibility outcomes are discussed. Alongside “alternative history” scenarios concerning the hypothetical retention of trams in Hamburg and full closure of the system in Munich, it is shown that the absence of an intermediate mode in Hamburg’s actual network has a significant detrimental effect on the resilience of the public transport system compared to its Bavarian counterpart as well as to other international cities
Public transport and land use integration in Melbourne and Hamburg: Can comparative network performance provide a sense of future direction?
No full textThe State of Australian Cities (SOAC) national conferences have been held biennially since 2003 to support interdisciplinary policy-related urban research.
This paper was presented at SOAC 4 held in Perth from 24 to 27 November 2009.
SOAC 4 was hosted by the University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Edith Cowan University and Murdoch University and held at The University of Western of Australia’s Crawley campus.SOAC 4 was a collaborative venture between colleagues from the planning, geography and related disciplines across the four public universities.
The meta-theme of this conference - city growth, sustainability, vitality and vulnerability – sought to capture the dynamic and complex nature and contexts in which Australian cities find themselves in the early 21st century.
The last decade or so has seen Australian cities and many of their residents benefit from significant economic prosperity. With this economic prosperity, largely on the back of a resources boom, Australian cities and resources and mineral-rich regions, particularly in Queensland and in WA, have been subjected to profound demographic, social, economic, environmental and political changes. In the wake of the so-called ‘global financial crisis’ we have witnessed the rise of what might be called ‘neo-Keynesianism’ as various liberal democratic nations have pumped billions of dollars into their national economies via ‘bail outs’ or a stimulus package’ in an effort to stave off economic recession. The economic prosperity and more recent uncertainty that has been experienced in the last decade provides a fascinating and dare we say it a timely backdrop to critically reflect on the condition of urban Australia.
All published papers have been subject to a peer reviewing process
Urban Public Transport: Planning Principles and Emerging Practice
No full text© 2017, © The Author(s) 2017. This article reviews the literature on current “best practice” principles for planning public transport (PT) networks within the context of planners seeking to transition their cities toward sustainable mobility. An overview is provided of the history of ideas about network development. The emerging frontiers for multimodal, demand-responsive PT and the potential implications of new transport technology on traditional PT are discussed. The future role of transit-oriented development within PT network structures is considered. The “moderators” to network design that may impede future best practice brings the article to conclusion
Residential Areas for Households without Cars: The Scope for Neighbourhood Mobility Management in Scandinavian Cities
No full textEcological housing initiatives have proliferated throughout Scandinavia over the past two decades and fostered groundbreaking innovation in the fields of resource efficiency and the reinvigoration of communities in local areas. The travel patterns of residents in such projects, however, remain largely outside the target and the influence of the policy context, and thus constitute an unpredictable 'wildcard' with the potential to seriously jeopardise the sustainability performance even of an otherwise highly innovative neighbourhood. To overcome such shortfalls, recent experiments in some European cities have attempted to incorporate mobility management components into the concepts of new residential developments. These include restricted or demand-responsive parking provision, on-site car sharing, rent and mobility service packages, and specific designs for live-work arrangements and/or functional integration on a neighbourhood level.
Some of these carfree or car-reduced neighbourhoods have now been completed and inhabited for several years. Their history, leading up to a location-specific mobility concept in each case, and their experience with practical implementation and user compliance now allow to provide a critical review of success and failure in this field, and to draw conclusions on how similar approaches may be applied in Scandinavian cities
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