160 research outputs found
Rapid recovery of accessibility: Primary research in support of a connectionist model of person memory
No full textTwo experiments are described testing whether priming a construct at one Point of time makes it easier to again increase the accessibility of that construct at a later point in time, even after the accessibility has returned to baseline. This hypothesis, termed the rapid recovery of accessibility, was generated from Smith and DeCoster\u27s (1998) connectionist model of person memory. Other theories of accessibility have difficulty accounting for such an effect, so these experiments constitute an appropriate test of Smith and DeCoster\u27s Model. Experiment 1, using attitude accessibility, failed to find evidence of the rapid recovery of accessibility after either a one-week or six-week delay. Experiment 2, however, found that trait prunes were more effective if the traits had also been primed six-weeks earlier
Implicit measurement of challenge and threat as motivational responses to stereotype threat
No full textElectronic Thesis or DissertationStereotype threat occurs when people identify with a stigmatized group and experience depressed performance on a task because they become anxious in their desire to disprove a negative stereotype (Steele, 1997). Recent research using a Biopsychosocial (BPS) model has shown that physiological responses to challenge and threat may be an important aspect to consider in understanding the underlying motivational states that influence performance (Vick, Seery, Blascovich, & Weisbuch, 2008). However, physiological data are expensive and time-consuming to collect. The primary goal of this dissertation was to determine whether an implicit cognitive measure could be used in place of physiological equipment to effectively examine motivational responses to challenge and threat. In Study 1, four modified implicit measures were explored to determine which measure would be most effective in examining underlying motivations for challenge and threat. The modified Stroop task demonstrated patterns consistent with stereotype threat effects in Study 1 and was selected for use in Study 2. In Study 2, the relation between performance on the Stroop task and physiological measures of challenge and threat was examined. Additional measures of interest in this study included: working memory, state anxiety, math abilities, and perceptions of task performance. Results indicated that there were no significant effects of stereotype threat conditions on performance on the Stroop or physiological measures. However, stereotype threat significantly influenced state anxiety and perceptions of performance
A Belgian flat income tax: effects on labour supply and income distribution
No full textThe adverse distributional effects of a flat tax are well known and have been documented by empirical research in several countries, including Belgium. Advocates of the flat tax argue, correctly, that these studies do not take into account agents’ behavioural reactions and possible feed back effects. One of the important effects in this context is the potential increase in labour supply and the resulting increase in the taxable base and decrease in unemployment allowances. In this study we calculate the cost recovery based on a micro-simulation model that includes a labour supply model. We find that there is indeed a clearly positive effect on labour supply and hence also on the tax base. By introducing a revenue-neutral flat tax, labour supply increases by approximately 47,000 full-time equivalents. However, the effect is limited because, compared to a static scenario the cost recovery only allows the revenue-neutral flat tax to decrease from 38.5% to 37%. Furthermore, there is little or no impact of these employment effects on the strongly regressive nature of a flat tax reform.
sj-docx-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221211065108 – Supplemental material for Perceptions of Emotional Functionality: Similarities and Differences Among Dignity, Face, and Honor Cultures
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221211065108 for Perceptions of Emotional Functionality: Similarities and Differences Among Dignity, Face, and Honor Cultures by Angela T. Maitner, Jamie DeCoster, Per A. Andersson, Kimmo Eriksson, Sara Sherbaji, Roger Giner-Sorolla, Diane M. Mackie, Mark Aveyard, Heather M. Claypool, Richard J. Crisp, Vladimir Gritskov, Kristina Habjan, Andree Hartanto, Toko Kiyonari, Anna O. Kuzminska, Zoi Manesi, Catherine Molho, Anudhi Munasinghe, Leonard S. Peperkoorn, Victor Shiramizu, Rachel Smallman, Natalia Soboleva, Adam W. Stivers, Amy Summerville, Baopei Wu and Junhui Wu in Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology</p
Cross-Cultural Meta-Analyses
No full textIn the enormous collection of cross-cultural data that have been published during the last few decades it is difficult to perceive patterns. There is a clear need for systematizing the vast amount of cross-cultural studies and for developing models that explain cross-cultural differences in psychology. Two methods of cross-cultural meta-analysis can be distinguished. First, the instrument-based method of comparing data for one instrument across countries is suitable for instruments which have been administered in many countries. Second, a domain-based meta-analysis used a thematic domain from which culture-comparative studies are sampled instead of one specific instrument or method
Connect Science
No full textEfficacy of Connect Science, an Approach to Teaching Social and Emotional Skills and Science through Service-Learnin
Analysis Writeups
No full textA recommended procedure for recording, documenting, and presenting the analyses associated with a project
Water policy beliefs, emotions, and support [Author Accepted Manuscript]
No full textVarious policies can improve and protect water quality. Understanding why residents prefer specific policies over others can help decision-makers select and modify policies in response to community preferences, thereby addressing community reactions to proposed policies. We examined hope, anxiety, anger, and neutral policy emotions and their association with policy outcome and norm beliefs to understand why people prefer some policies over others. New Hampshire respondents (N = 426) contemplated three water quality policies. Policies were developed from suggestions made by members of local environmental groups and staff from the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Protection. Hope and anxiety about the policies were better predictors of policy support than anger and neutrality. Moreover, hope was a stronger predictor than anxiety. Outcome beliefs were derived from each respondent's list of anticipated policy consequences. Norm beliefs were derived from the groups that respondents identified as supporting and opposing policies and how close they felt toward these groups. The outcome and norm beliefs were positively associated with policy hope and negatively associated with policy anxiety and anger. Together, results indicated that hope and anxiety mediated the effects of outcome and norm beliefs on policy support.National Science Foundation (NSF 2129402)reviewedacceptedVersio
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