1,250 research outputs found
P-Doped Porous Carbon as Metal Free Catalysts for Selective Aerobic Oxidation with an Unexpected Mechanism
No full textAn extremely simple and rapid (seconds) approach is reported to directly synthesize gram quantities of P-doped graphitic porous carbon materials with controlled P bond configuration. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the P-doped carbon materials can be used as a selective metal free catalyst for aerobic oxidation reactions. The work function of P-doped carbon materials, its connectivity to the P bond configuration, and the correlation with its catalytic efficiency are studied and established. In direct contrast to N-doped graphene, the P-doped carbon materials with higher work function show high activity in catalytic aerobic oxidation. The selectivity trend for the electron donating and withdrawing properties of the functional groups attached to the aromatic ring of benzylic alcohols is also different from other metal free carbon based catalysts. A unique catalytic mechanism is demonstrated, which differs from both GO and N-doped graphene obtained by high temperature nitrification. The unique and unexpected catalytic pathway endows the P-doped materials with not only good catalytic efficiency but also recyclability. This, combined with a rapid, energy saving approach that permits fabrication on a large scale, suggests that the P-doped porous materials are promising materials for “green catalysis” due to their higher theoretical surface area, sustainability, environmental friendliness and low cost.This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Nano, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b07054.Peer reviewe
Evaluation of the Tauc Method for Optical Absorption Edge Determination: ZnO Thin Films as a Model System
No full textOne of the most frequently used methods for characterizing thin films is UV-Vis absorption. The near-edge region can be fitted to a simple expression in which the intercept gives the band-gap and the fitting exponent identifies the electronic transition as direct or indirect. (See Tauc et al., Physica Status Solidi, 1966; these are often called “Tauc” plots.) While the technique is powerful and simple, the accuracy of the fitted band-gap result is seldom stated or known. We tackle this question by refitting a large number of Tauc plots from the literature and look for trends. Nominally pure zinc oxide (ZnO) was chosen as a material with limited intrinsic deviation from stoichiometry and which has been widely studied. Our examination of the band gap values and their distribution leads to a discussion of some experimental factors that can bias the data and lead to either smaller or larger apparent values than would be expected. Finally, an easily evaluated figure-of-merit is defined that may help guide more accurate Tauc fitting. For samples with relatively sharper Tauc plot shapes, the population yields Eg (ZnO) as 3.276 +/- 0.033 eV, in good agreement with data for single crystalline material.This is the accepted version of the following article: Viezbicke, B. D., Patel, S., Davis, B. E. and Birnie, D. P. (2015), Evaluation of the Tauc method for optical absorption edge determination: ZnO thin films as a model system. Phys. Status Solidi B, 252: 1700–1710, which has been published in final form at https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201552007.Peer reviewe
Watershed modeling using HEC-RAS, HEC-HMS, and GIS models: a case study of the Wreck Pond Brook Watershed in Monmouth County, New Jersey
No full textManaging stormwater on a watershed basis is considered the best strategy to address flooding. A watershed model should provide temporal and spatial distribution of runoff response for a given storm. GIS applicability in watershed modeling is increasing due to the availability of spatial information, fast processors and interfaces such as ArcHydro, HEC-GeoHMS, and HEC-GeoRAS linking hydrologic and hydraulic models to the ArcGIS environment.
Soil Conservation Service methods are used widely in hydrologic models. Several parameters inherent to these empirical methods are average values derived from various watershed conditions. These average values overestimate peak flows for flat, low-lying coastal terrains. The design of flood control structures based on these flow values allow more post-development discharge, make the system more hydraulically efficient, increase project costs, and cause flooding for areas downstream. In this study, Wreck Pond Brook Watershed (WPBW), a coastal New Jersey area was used for sensitivity studies of the initial abstraction ratio and peak rate factor. The HEC-HMS modeling results indicated use of a lower peak rate factor (e.g. 284) and 5% initial abstraction ratio provided better characterization of stream response. These updated parameters provide new technical information for improving stormwater management in coastal areas.
An important limitation in hydraulic modeling is the economic constraint on cross-section spacing for surveying channels and floodplains. Applying GIS techniques in hydraulic modeling eliminated this constraint. Floodplain analysis was done using ArcGIS, HEC-GeoRAS and HEC-RAS. Detailed elevation data (LIDAR information from Monmouth County) was incorporated into the HEC-RAS using GIS models. This innovation was important for improving model efficiency. The modeled floodplain demonstrated close agreement to the observed floodplain for the October 2005 storm and showed greater accuracy compared to the FEMA floodplain for the 100-year storm. This study validated use of LIDAR elevation data in floodplain analysis for the second-order streams in coastal NJ.
Finally, an approach was demonstrated using modeled floodplain and HEC-HMS for flood control analysis. This study presents an innovative watershed modeling approach using GIS models while addressing the limitations of traditional hydrologic and hydraulic methods using WPBW as an example.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-263)by Kunal P. Pate
Perception related to Eye Donation in Science College Students of Himmatnagar City of Gujarat State
No full textBackground: Eye sight is very important for human life. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that every 5 seconds someone goes blind. Globally, 37 million people are blind, and of these nearly 10 lakh blind people are willing for corneal transplantation. Awareness and practice of eye donation should be encouraged in community to cop up with this huge demand.
Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the perception regarding eye donation among the science college students as proxy to general population.
Materials and Methods: This is cross sectional study. Data was collected from students of randomly selected science college at Himmatnagar city. Data collected from the participants were analysed using percentage and descriptive statistics.
Results: The participants were well aware of eye donation (93.4%) quoting media as a major source of information for their knowledge. Out of the 334 students, 73.9% were willing to pledge and 26.1% students did not believe in pledging their eyes.
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that overall knowledge about eye donation among students was good, however relatively less number of students were ready to pledge for eye donation
Reading at risk: why effective literacy practice is not effective.
No full textThe gap between high and low achievers in reading is wide in New Zealand compared to other countries as shown in PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) 2001 and 2006 studies. Students of minority backgrounds and low socio-economic status are over-represented in the low achieving category. As the primary response to reduce the achievement gap, the Government developed and distributed the literacy teaching reference Effective Literacy Practice in Years 1 to 4. This article examines Effective Literacy Practice against current scientificbased international research in the teaching of reading, with particular emphasis on the teaching of reading to students at risk. Research evidence shows that an explicit and systematic approach to teaching reading is critical to the success of reading achievement with at-risk students. With a heavy leaning towards incidental learning, Effective Literacy Practice fails to provide teachers with the necessary knowledge to effectively teach the critical components of reading
Tirmilyra concinnus Patel & Naderloo & Trivedi & Mitra 2023, n. comb.
No full text<i>Tirmilyra concinnus</i> (Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995) n. comb. <p>(Figs. 1E, F, 2C, D, 3C, D, 4E, F)</p> <p> <i>Philyra concinnus</i> Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995: 144–147, fig 1a–h (material from Karachi).— Apel, 2001: 56; Ng <i>et al</i>. 2008: 92 (in list); Galil 2009: 281, tab 1; Naderloo & Türkay 2012: 32; Naderloo 2017: 109, figs 14.35c, 14.37, 14.38.</p> <p> <i>Philyra sexangula —</i> Stephensen, 1946: 89.</p> <p> <i>Ebalia sagittifera —</i> Cooper, 1997: 173, 174 (partly), fig 7.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> ZUTC 6925, 1 male (CL 8.4 mm, CW 7.6 mm), 2 females (CL 9.3 mm, CW 8.2 mm; CL 9.4 mm, CW 8.4 mm), Hormoz Island, Persian Gulf, unknown collector and date; ZUTC 1341, 1 male, 1 female, coast of Bushehr, Persian Gulf, 28°58′N, 50°49′E, sandy/rocky, 10.2006, coll. R. Naderloo; ZUTC 1342, 2 males, 1 female, Qeshm I., Persian Gulf, coll. M. Asgari; ZUTC 1343, 1 male, 1 female, Badnar Kolahi, Strait of Hormoz, 27°02′N, 56°51′E, muddy-sand flat, 22.04.2008, coll. R. Naderloo; ZUTC 1344, 1 juvenile, East of city, Bandar-Abbas, Persian Gulf, 27°11′N, 56°21′E, muddy-sand flat with shells, 23.04.2008, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi, A. Keykhosravi; ZUTC 1345, 1 male, Jofreh, Bushehr, Persian Gulf, 28°58′N, 50°49′E, sandy/rocky, dead coral with algae, 24.05.2008, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi, H. Salehi.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace hexagonal (Fig. 1E), slightly longer than broad. Dorsal surface smooth except three narrow minutely granular ridges uniting to form "broad-arrow" pointing forwards, middle ridge extendingfrom progastric to intestinal region; lateral ridges extending backwards laterally to branchial region, running parallel to anterolateral margins, with ends projecting beyond posterolateral margins, forming larger denticles (Fig. 1E); regions relatively distinct, with elevated gastric, cardiac, branchial, intestinal regions; hepatic region excavated forming depression, upper and lower margins beaded, originating from middle of anterolateral margin, not merging anteriorly, broadly triangular tooth projecting on anterior half of lower margin of anterolateral border; anterolateral margin convex, shorter than posterolateral margin, merging with posterolateral margin to form broad triangular tooth; anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior margins beaded; epibranchial angle obtuse; posterolateral margin slightly sinuous; front smooth, almost straight, epistome visible beyond frontal margin from dorsal view; posterior margin almost straight, slightly convex, lateral sides with strong, pointed, outwardly directed spines, spines or small obtuse projections (Fig. 1E). Anterior margin of endostome reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of inhalent channels.</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 3C) smooth, entirely covering endostome; merus with notch, two-thirds as long as ischium along inner margin; ischium two times longer than wide; carpus not visible in external view when reposed; propodus and dactylus visible in external view, articulating subdistally on inner surface of merus; exopod (Fig. 3C) outer margin convex, setose, much longer than wide, almost twice the length of merus.</p> <p>Chelipeds (Fig. 1E, F) equal, as long as carapace length, granulated. Merus triquetral in cross-section with edges raised and granular; both inner and outer margins with tuberculated ridge. Carpus and propodus have raised row of granules along inner edge of their upper surface. Fingers slender, about two-thirds length of propodus, cutting edge of fingers toothed with scattered setae, median shallow canal extending to distal length of both fingers.</p> <p>P2–P5 (Fig. 1E) subcylindrical; total length of all pairs almost similar, merus and carpus glabrous, merus longest as compared to carpus, propodus and dactylus. Carpus and propodus almost equal in length, dactylus large with tapering distal end.</p> <p>Thoracic sternum (Fig. 1F) smooth, tuberculated on margins, slightly concave. Sternites 1–3 completely fused without any trace of sutures, sternite 3 separated from sternite 4 by shallow groove; sternite 4–6 almost similar in width, sternite 7 slightly tuberculated.</p> <p>Male pleon (Fig. 1F, 3D) smooth with three articulating parts: somite 1 free, narrow; somite 2–6 fused, immovable, posterolateral angles with small bulge, somite 6 without any denticle; telson triangular, longer than broad with curved apex.</p> <p>Female pleon ovate; somite 1 free; somites 2–6 fused, suture clearly visible between somites 2 and 3, partial suture visible between somites 3–4 and 5–6, forming domed plate almost completely covering thoracic sternum. Telson triangular, longer than broad, with curved apex (Fig. 2D).</p> <p>G1 (Fig. 4E, F) shaft long, slender, straight, apical process long, about 0.2 times as long as whole length, more sinuous-shape, with spade-shape (spatulate) ending, apical lobe bearing setae almost length of the tip. Female gonopore (Fig. 5D) on inner anterior edge of sternite 5, oval in shape with broad opening.</p> <p> <b>Variation</b>. The carapace of female resembles with that of male, except for lateral sides of posterior margin having sharp dorsoventrally flattened teeth (Fig. 2C).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Pakistan (Ghani & Tirmizi 1995), Persian Gulf [Stephensen (1946) as <i>Philyra sexangula</i>; Apel 2001; Naderloo & Türkay 2012; Naderloo 2017] and Gulf of Oman (Naderloo <i>et al</i>. 2015).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Ghani & Tirmizi (1995) described <i>T. concinnus</i> <b>n. comb.</b> on the basis of specimens collected from Karachi (Pakistan) and Persian Gulf. As mentioned earlier, the Persian Gulf material examined by these authors is referable to <i>T. sagittifera</i> <b>n. comb.</b> (Apel 2001; Naderloo & Türkay 2012; Naderloo 2017). Here we also confirm that the drawing of a Persian Gulf specimen by Ghani & Tirmizi (1995: fig. 2) agrees with type specimen of <i>P. sagittifera</i> in the following features: carapace hexagonal, smooth except three broad tuberculated ridges unite to form a "broad-arrow" point; epibranchial angle forming right angle, posterior margin convex, lateral sides with knob-like teeth having rounded tips, small median tooth present on the posterior margin in males; and G1 shaft straight, slender, with apical process slightly sinuous-shape, with tapering end.</p> <p> The holotype and some of the paratypes of <i>T. concinnus</i> <b>n. comb.</b> deposited in the Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan are not traceable despite many searches in the museum (Noor Saher, personal communication). The second author has examined the paratype specimens (1 male and 1 female) deposited in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, but these are in very poor condition and of little use for identification. The fresh specimens from the Persian Gulf examined here are in agreement with the description and illustrations of holotype provided by Ghani & Tirmizi (1995).</p> <p> <i>Tirmilyra concinnus</i> <b>n. comb.</b> closely resembles <i>T. sagittifera</i> <b>n. comb.</b> but can be differentiated from the latter species on the basis of several morphological characteristics that are discussed above in the remarks section of the latter species.</p>Published as part of <i>Patel, Krupal, Naderloo, Reza, Trivedi, Jigneshkumar & Mitra, Santanu, 2023, On the taxonomy of Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) and P. concinnus Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Leucosiidae), with description of a new genus from the Indian Ocean, pp. 430-440 in Zootaxa 5330 (3)</i> on pages 436-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.3.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8254906">http://zenodo.org/record/8254906</a>
Effects of Superheat and Solute Additions on the Grain Size in Binary Copper Alloys
No full text© The Author(s) 2019. By utilizing data from the literature, we examine the effects of superheat and solute additions on the grain size (as measured by columnar grain length) in binary copper alloys. Our investigation provides support for an Arrhenius-like behavior of the superheat on the grain size. We also find a correlation between the columnar grain length at a constant degree of superheat and the variation of the reciprocal of the true growth restriction factor (1/Q) with P, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Sn solute additions to be a power of law of 1/3, which gave a better fit than a linear one.EPSRC (UK
Bench-to-bedside review: Erythropoietin and its derivatives as therapies in critical care
No full textAuthor can archive publisher's pdf. Free via Creative Commons: CC-BENCHTOBEDSIDE-2.0. © 2012 BioMed Central Ltd
Analyzing CSF tau concentrations in Alzheimer's disease and control patients
No full textThe purpose of this project is to establish a phage-based biomarker screening assay to recognize AD in human blood and cerebrospinal samples. Specifically, I will be completing ELISA screening of available phage that were identified in prior semesters to identify candidate phage for for further testing.
Phase 1 is to identify phages that recognize PTM changes in tau, and phase 2 is to test the phage in a large array of clinical samples of human blood and cerebrospinal fluid
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