113 research outputs found
Estimación de la brecha en terminos de recursos humanos para ofertar servicios de prevención y promoción de la salud en unidades del primer nivel de atención.
No full textArtículo(Doctorado en Ciencias, área de concentración en Sistemas de Salud)Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabana
Respuesta a la carta al editor sobre “Mapeo político de la discriminación y homofobia asociadas con la epidemia de VIH en México”
No full textCompartimos con los autores de la carta al editor la preocupación por la persistencia de discriminación y homofobia como prácticas sociales que afectan los derechos de las personas que viven con VIH..
Sistema de salud de Perú The health system of Peru
No full textEn este trabajo se describen las condiciones generales de salud de la población peruana y, con mayor detalle, el sistema peruano de salud: su estructura y cobertura, sus fuentes de financiamiento, los recursos físicos, materiales y humanos con los que cuenta, y las actividades de rectoría que en él se desarrollan. Asimismo se discute el estado en el que se encuentran la generación de información y la investigación, y la participación de los ciudadanos en la gestión y evaluación del sistema. El artículo concluye con una discusión de las innovaciones más recientes, dentro de las que destacan el Seguro Integral de Salud, el sistema de Empresas Prestadoras de Salud, el proceso de descentralización y los Comités Locales de Administración de Salud. El reto principal que enfrenta este sistema es ampliar la atención a la salud a poco más de 10% de la población que todavía no recibe servicios básicos.This paper describes the health conditions in Peru and, with greater detail, the Peruvian health system, including its structure and coverage, its financial sources, its physical, material and human resources, and its stewardship functions. It also discusses the activities developed in the information and research areas, as well as the participation of citizens in the operation and evaluation of the health system. The article concludes with a discussion of the most recent innovations, including the Comprehensive Health Insurance, the Health Care Enterprises system, the decentralization process and the Local Committees for Health Administration. The main challenge confronted by the Peruvian health system is the extension of coverage to more than I0% of the population presently lacking access to basic health care
The gap in human resources to deliver the guaranteed package of prevention and health promotion services at urban and rural primary care facilities in Mexico
No full textAbstract Background The purpose of this study was to estimate the gap between the available and the ideal supply of human resources (physicians, nurses, and health promoters) to deliver the guaranteed package of prevention and health promotion services at urban and rural primary care facilities in Mexico. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using a convenience sample. We selected 20 primary health facilities in urban and rural areas in 10 states of Mexico. We calculated the available and the ideal supply of human resources in these facilities using estimates of time available, used, and required to deliver health prevention and promotion services. We performed descriptive statistics and bivariate hypothesis testing using Wilcoxon and Friedman tests. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to test whether the non-normal distribution of our time variables biased estimation of available and ideal supply of human resources. Results The comparison between available and ideal supply for urban and rural primary health care facilities reveals a low supply of physicians. On average, primary health care facilities are lacking five physicians when they were estimated with time used and nine if they were estimated with time required (P < 0.05). No difference was observed between available and ideal supply of nurses in either urban or rural primary health care facilities. There is a shortage of health promoters in urban primary health facilities (P < 0.05). Conclusion The available supply of physicians and health promoters is lower than the ideal supply to deliver the guaranteed package of prevention and health promotion services. Policies must address the level and distribution of human resources in primary health facilities
Contributions of training to the promotion of health in State Health Services: comparative analysis in eight states in Mexico
No full textObjective. To evaluate the results of the training provided by the National Public Health Institute (INSP per its abbreviation in Spanish) in health promotion to institutional staff of local health services during 2007 and 2008. Materials and methods. A non-experimental evaluative research with comparison group was conducted, in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Results. In states intervened a better conceptualization of health promotion, social participation and components of the Health Promotion Operating Model was observed; participatory action research was the basic strategy to work in the community and management showed a tendency to be more participatory and inclusive. Conclusion. A better conceptualization of health promotion has allowed health personnel develop more sustainable work processes in the community and has driven the search for consent and participatory management
The Health Care System in Peru
No full textThis country report provides a description of the emergence of a health care system under public responsibility in Peru. The inception of the health care system refers to the first legislation stipulating entitlements to medical care. The report also includes a brief description of major health care reforms, and the current organization of the health care system in Peru. This report is part of the CRC 1342 Social Policy Country Briefs Series.5
Looking at maternal health of Asháninka communities from the conceptual framework of the accessibility of care
No full textAbstract Background Peru is one of the 20 countries that has significantly reduced maternal mortality before the pandemic due to implementing policies to strengthen maternal health care, mainly in rural areas with greater poverty. However, the implementation of these policies has been different across the territory; such is the case of the indigenous communities of the Peruvian Amazon that are characterized by the inaccessibility of their territory and continue to face severe problems in accessing maternity care in health services. Objective Analyze the main dimensions of accessibility for maternal care in public health services for women of the Asháninka community of Peru between 2016 and 2018. Methods Qualitative research was carried out in the Asháninka community of the Tambo River. Key informants involved in maternal health care were selected, and 60 in-depth interviews were conducted that explored geographical, financial, cultural, and organizational accessibility. The interviews were recorded and transcribed into a word processor; then, a content analysis was performed to classify the texts according to the dimensions of specified accessibility. Results Geographical accessibility: health units in the territory do not have the resolution capacity to attend maternal health problems. Financial accessibility: the programs implemented by the government have not been able to finance the indirect costs of care, such as transportation, which has high costs that a family cannot afford, given their subsistence economy. Cultural: there are efforts for cultural adaptation of maternal care, but its implementation needs to be improved, and the community cannot recognize it due to the lack of continuity of the model and the high personnel turnover. Organizational: health units are characterized by insufficient human resources, supplies, and medicines that fail to offer continuous and quality care. Conclusions The poor geographical, financial, cultural, and organizational accessibility that women from the Asháninka community face for maternal care in public health services are evident. So, the Peruvian government must review the implementation processes of its models of care and maternal health programs in these communities and propose strategies to improve the coverage, quality and continuity of maternal care
Human resources needed to affter health prevention and promotion to adults in primary health care.
No full textObjective. To estimate human resources (HR) needed to deliver prevention and health promotion actions to the population of 20 years and more in units of primary health care (UPHC). Materials and methods. We included 20 UPHC; one urban and one rural for each of the ten selected Mexican states. HR were estimated based on the time to do prevention and health promotion activities, from which a budget was calculated. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were reported, using the ANOVA test and the Wilcoxon test. Results. The number of health professionals estimated in UPHC with spent time is less than the number estimated with required time. Conclusions. The estimated density of health professionals per population needed to offer prevention and health promotion activities for people 20 years and more in UPHC is greater than the current density of health professionals
Análisis de las alternativas de los migrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos de América para atender sus problemas de salud
No full textAnálisis de las alternativas de los migrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos de América para atender sus problemas de salud Strategies by Mexican migrants in the USA to seek health care
No full textOBJETIVO: Identificar las alternativas ideadas por los migrantes mexicanos para acceder a los servicios de salud en Estados Unidos de América y México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio etnográfico en cinco estados, seleccionados por su dinámica migratoria. Se realizaron grupos focales y entrevistas a profundidad con usuarios y prestadores de servicios. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron seis formas de atención utilizadas de acuerdo con la gravedad de la enfermedad: a) automedicación; b) consulta telefónica con familiares; c) uso de servicios privados; d) traslado a ciudades fronterizas; e) retorno al lugar de nacimiento; f) atención durante visitas estacionales al lugar de origen. DISCUSIÓN: Las alternativas empleadas por los migrantes para acceder a los servicios de salud se explican por las circunstancias del contexto de migración y la falta de opciones formales de atención. Es fundamental la aplicación de una política pública para la protección de la salud de estos ciudadanos en ambos lados de la frontera.OBJECTIVE: To identify the strategies used by Mexican migrants to access health services in the U.S. and Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethnographic study in five Mexican states, selected by their migration dynamics. A series of focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with health services users and providers. RESULTS: Six strategies were identified and are used according to the severity of the disease: a) self-medication, b) telephone consultation with relatives, c) utilization of private services, d) travel to border towns, e) return to place of birth, f) getting medical care during their visits to places of origin. Discussion: The health care options used by Mexican migrants and their families are defined according to events related to the migration process. The implementation of public policies to protect the health of migrants on both sides of the border is critical
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