1,721,114 research outputs found
Methods in Music Therapy
No full text3.9.1 Improvisation-Based Methods3.9.2 Songwriting3.9.3 Therapeutic Voice Work3.9.4 Receptive Method
Musictherapeutic Songwriting and Mentalization: An Examination about how Mentalization, as a Part of Emotional Identity Development, can be Understood Through the Use of Songwriting during Music Therapy with a Teenager Placed in Foster Care
No full textMentalization is a concept that integrates psychoanalytic thinking with attachment theory and cognitive theory, among others. The ability to mentalize is developed through, and dependent on, a secure attached relationship, and gives the person the capacity to view and understand both oneself and other people’s internal mental states such as emotions, needs, motives, beliefs, thoughts, etc. Mentalization gives the person the ability to distinguish between the inner and outer reality, which is in closely connected to identity through the interaction of selfreflection and interpersonal components. When a person has insecure attachment patterns, the capacity of mentalization can be diminished, and therapy for the development of the ability to mentalize may be deemed necessary in order for the person to become more confident being in the world as an independent, defined, individual. These difficulties are often seen in individuals with personality disorders, but some of the issues may also be seen during adolescence, because of the emergence of identity crisis following development from childhood to adulthood.Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to examine how mentalization, as a part of emotional identity development, can be understood through the use of Songwriting during music therapy with a teenager placed in foster care.Method: To answer the above question, a single-case study is examined in a qualitative inquiry, inspired by both a hermeneutic and phenomenological approach. The concepts of attachment, affect attunement and mentalization will be examined through theory according to the purpose of the research as well as through a review of existing literature on Songwriting. The case is defined by a Songwriting process in music therapy with a 15 year old girl, during the investigator’s internship.Data: The data in this investigation consist of the lyrics of the song, composed within a music therapy session, with the investigator as the therapist, along with selected samples of conversations from the music therapy sessions. The data material is gained from audio and video samples, and presented in the thesis text as transcriptions. These examples are analysed using a modified model of mentalization-based treatment (MBT) by Anthony Bateman & Peter Fonagy (2007) to examine levels of mentalization, and two models designed by the investigator, to explore attachment patterns and voice parameters.Results: The results of the investigation show that it is possible to analyse and achieve understanding of levels of mentalization through the use of Songwriting in music therapy, given the platform of both verbal and musical interventions. This symbiosis facilitated the possibility of emotional understanding regarding both the client herself and others, which is closely connected to mentalization abilities. The investigation confirmed that attachment is closely related to the mentalization processes and therefore enlightening for the insight of these. Furthermore, it showed that the voice can be a clarifying channel for a deeper understanding of mentalization
Therapeutic songwriting with a woman with breast cancer in end-of-life care with an existential and relational focus - a qualitative single-case study
No full textAbstract Aim: This qualitative single-case study seeks to investigate the use of therapeutic songwriting with a patient in palliative care suffering from metastatic breast cancer, from the perspective of the field of existential therapy. Furthermore, the study explores the therapeutic relationship in light of the therapeutic songwriting process. Background: This master thesis arises from a four month practice placement at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia. From seeing a total of 25 individual patients in music therapy during these four months one case in particular stood out. A woman in her mid 50’s diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer whom, by the time of referral, was already in palliative care. An intense course of six music therapy sessions during a period of eight days paves the foundation of this case study. Receptive music therapy methods were used with the aim of relaxation and quality of life as well as to help manage pain. After experiencing imaging and reliving memories of nature while listening to improvised music, the idea of therapeutic songwriting was put forward. We spent the last three sessions writing a song, during one of which, a recording of the process was made. The song was finished and recorded in a studio. Two days later the patient died and the song was played at her funeral. Method: A qualitative and explorative approach based on hermeneutics is chosen for this study. The study consists of a bottom up design where recordings from a songwriting session are transcribed and analyzed through the principles of thematic coding as described by Kvale & Brinkmann (2015). Perspectives from the field of existential therapy are applied to the analysis to interpret the findings and broaden the understanding of therapeutic songwriting and the therapeutic relationship. Results: The study highlights several existential themes emerging from the therapeutic songwriting process. The most prominent findings among the existential themes are meaning (meaningfulness), sense of coherence, insight and clarification. Other themes include embodiment and finding peace. Regarding the therapeutic relationship in the songwriting process the findings include respect, engagement, shared process and guiding. Furthermore, discussing the therapeutic relationship results in a deeper understanding of the fluid boundaries of personal and emotional distance between therapist and patient. Keywords: Music therapy, therapeutic songwriting, existential therapy, therapeutic relationship, breast cancer, palliative care, end-of-life care. Abstract Aim: This qualitative single-case study seeks to investigate the use of therapeutic songwriting with a patient in palliative care suffering from metastatic breast cancer, from the perspective of the field of existential therapy. Furthermore, the study explores the therapeutic relationship in light of the therapeutic songwriting process. Background: This master thesis arises from a four month practice placement at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia. From seeing a total of 25 individual patients in music therapy during these four months one case in particular stood out. A woman in her mid 50’s diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer whom, by the time of referral, was already in palliative care. An intense course of six music therapy sessions during a period of eight days paves the foundation of this case study. Receptive music therapy methods were used with the aim of relaxation and quality of life as well as to help manage pain. After experiencing imaging and reliving memories of nature while listening to improvised music, the idea of therapeutic songwriting was put forward. We spent the last three sessions writing a song, during one of which, a recording of the process was made. The song was finished and recorded in a studio. Two days later the patient died and the song was played at her funeral. Method: A qualitative and explorative approach based on hermeneutics is chosen for this study. The study consists of a bottom up design where recordings from a songwriting session are transcribed and analyzed through the principles of thematic coding as described by Kvale & Brinkmann (2015). Perspectives from the field of existential therapy are applied to the analysis to interpret the findings and broaden the understanding of therapeutic songwriting and the therapeutic relationship. Results: The study highlights several existential themes emerging from the therapeutic songwriting process. The most prominent findings among the existential themes are meaning (meaningfulness), sense of coherence, insight and clarification. Other themes include embodiment and finding peace. Regarding the therapeutic relationship in the songwriting process the findings include respect, engagement, shared process and guiding. Furthermore, discussing the therapeutic relationship results in a deeper understanding of the fluid boundaries of personal and emotional distance between therapist and patient. Keywords: Music therapy, therapeutic songwriting, existential therapy, therapeutic relationship, breast cancer, palliative care, end-of-life care. </p
Parent-child music therapy intervention with late talkers
No full textIn this work a music therapy intervention with three families of late talking children is investigated with the aim to understand how a music therapy program could empower late talkers’ parents in engaging their children to enhance their communicative and interactional skills. Three mother-child dyads participate at the program that consists in 8 weekly sessions run by a music therapist that is also a speech and language therapist, at her private practice in Verona, Italy. Children were diagnosed by local or private services prior to attend the program and an evaluation of their language and communicative skills was conducted pre to post intervention using parent’s base questionnaires. During the program improvisational and re-creative techniques were adopted to facilitate children’ communication and participation, while parents, directly involved in the program, receive a model from the therapist on how to interact with their children using a responsive style (Girolametto & Weitzman, 2002). Parents’ active participation and initiative where analysed in order to understand parent’s involvement in the program and the different patterns of interactions with the child. To understand if some form of transferability happened between the music therapy setting and the home context MEL Questionnaire (Gottfried, Thompson, 2012) was administrated pre to post intervention. A final questionnaire and a follow-up interview were conducted to understand parents’ perceptions about the program and additional elements of transferability. Findings and understanding were shaped and explored thought a hermeneutic stance that informed the way this qualitative work was conducted. Findings underline a certain degree of transferability between the two settings that could affect the way music is used with the child in the everyday context and the pattern of interaction within musical activities. Parents’ highlighted the positive effects of enhancing their responsiveness in interacting with their child and recognized in musical activities an occasion to positively interact and communicate with their children overcoming their language difficulties. Understandings gained from this preliminary study aims to open a new discussion for the music therapy field on families of late talking children
Signifikante øjeblikke i musikterapi med børn med ADHD og ADD
No full textAbstractHaving completed a clinical music therapy internship at a neurological private clinic, the therapist wondered about important moments emerged in music therapy sessions with two boys suffering from ADHD and ADD. Based on this wondering it was decided to investigate these moments by analyzing material from the musical improvisations to explore how these moments can be described and understood. By searching the literature and theory on important moments in music therapy, the phenomenon significant moments where identified and chosen as the master thesis study phenomena.A model for analyzing these “significant moments” were chosen with the purpose of exploring the data, to see if significant moments appeared in the material and furthermore, if there was a connection between these significant moments and the possibility of development of social skills. The ensuing discussion of the results led to the following questions:- Is music therapy relevant in treatment of children suffering from ADHD and ADD with a psycosocial focus?- How can the “significant moments” which emerged between the music therapist and the client be understood and described as part of the treatment of children with ADHD and ADD?In order to answer these questions, this thesis is founded on a qualitative multiplecase study, with a method inspired by a phenomenology and hermeneutic approach. In addition, theoreti-cal literature which included the criteria of the ADHD and ADD diagnosis, music therapy studies and theories of the study phenomena was explored. The theoretical chapter in this thesis is primarily focused on understanding and defining the study phenomena “significant moments” for identification in the analysis.The analytical sections of the thesis include methodical descriptions and data analysis consisting of video recordings featuring each client in three chosen sequences from the music therapy improvisations. The analysis is done by applying a modified analyzing model, inspired by (Tron-dalen, 2004). The theoretical and analytical findings of this thesis are shown in descriptive and illustrative models to create a general clarification and a clear view of the results. The results from both cases state that some “significant moments” have been measured and in addition other relevant results have emerged.Therefore, the first thesis question is answered through the music therapy literature with a clin-ical focus on the specific group of clients. To answer the second question in this thesis, theoret-ical material defining “significant moments” has been described and then identified in the data material from the two clients. Finally, through the discussion of the results, it is concluded, that there is an indication that a positive development in the therapeutic relationship and the cli-ents’ social skills took place in the music therapy
The Role of the Music Therapist in Improvisation in a Social Psychiatric Context: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study
No full textAim: This qualitative multiple case study aims to explore my role as a music therapist in improvisa- tion within a social psychiatric context. The study is grounded in two music therapy courses with clients in social psychiatry, focusing on describing musical improvisations and the verbal dialogues before and after the improvisations. Through this, the study examines how music therapy interven- tions, techniques, and roles can be understood. The findings of the study are discussed through rele- vant therapy approaches and music therapy theories, including psychodynamic music therapy, re- source-oriented music therapy, and process-oriented music therapy.Background: The study is based on my clinical work during my ninth-semester internship at a so- cial psychiatric residential facility for young adults aged 17-35 years. The thesis is rooted in my cu- riosity about the significant differences observed between the two cases and how my role as a music therapist can be understood within this context.Method: The study is situated within the exploratory domain of research and applies an inductive approach. The empirical data consist of audio recordings of musical improvisations and transcrip- tions of dialogues before and after the improvisations. The analysis focuses on describing and un- derstanding the data through a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach.Results: The analysis indicates differences between the two cases in the structure of the play rules of the improvisations, the musical expression and structure, and the improvisational techniques that are used. According to the therapeutic roles, the findings show similarities between the two cases, and it shows that I take on shifting roles in both the improvisations and the conversations. These findings offer insight into how the verbal and music interventions shape the therapeutic roles. Other music therapists can use this research to reflect on their own use of the improvisational method, and other professional groups can use this research to understand how music therapists operate and how an interplay between roles in dialogues and musical improvisations can unfold.Keywords: Music therapy, musical improvisations, therapeutic roles, social psychiatry
Partners in Care:A Psychosocial Approach to Music Therapy and Dementia
No full textDementia is a syndrome that affects memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Therefore caregiving gradually becomes an essential part of the lives for people with dementia. This chapter draws on literature and research in order to understand the “family” caregiver role and the implications of caregiving on wellbeing and health. With this as the starting point, the role of music therapy in communication and interaction in the caregiver-care recipient dyad is elaborated
A study of music therapeutic improvisation as an intervention method for emotional expression and emotional work with 2 clients with depressive symptoms - A phenomenological hermeneutic qualitative multiple-case study
No full textAim: People who suffer from a mood disorder often have difficulties when it comes to verbal expression (Hannibal, 2012). Theory describes how it is possible to work with emotions in music therapy (Wheeler, 2010) and that within the treatment of depression it is possible to project emotions into the music, whilst finding a space for emotional expression (Erkkilä, 2011a). Psychotherapeutic theory suggests that it is possible to modulate emotions with emotions (Greenberg, 2012) and thereby transforming an emotional state. Furthermore we have included theory describing how music can contain emotions (Sloboda & Juslin, 2012) and how music therapists have the ability to decode the emotional expressions in music (Bodner & Gilboa, 2006). With that knowledge in mind we wonder how emotional expressions can be facilitated through music therapeutic improvisation, and what strengths and challenges that entails, when the form of expression is mainly nonverbal? This masters thesis aims to investigate, explore and understand emotional expression and what we define as emotional work through an improvisational approach in music therapy, with 2 patients with depressive symptoms.Method and design: This research has been conducted as a multiple case study with a qualitative design and finds itself within the exploratory research tradition. This master thesis empirical basis consists of both audio and video recordings. The approach is inductive and therefore the data is the basis of the theoretical orientation. The results are found using A phenomenologically inspired approach to microanalysis in music therapy by Trondalen (2007), which furthermore draws from the hermeneutic tradition and includes an interpretation of data. The results obtained through this analysis are ideographic and context dependent.Results and conclusion: The results of the research, combined with the underlying theoretical basis, indicates that improvisation in music therapy can help the clients in this study to explore and express emotion, and furthermore modulate emotional expression, through different improvisational techniques. The improvisational techniques (Bruscia, 1987) used in the improvisations which are the focus of this master thesis, are predominantly from the main categories Techniques of empathy and Techniques of emotional exploration
Musikterapi i udredning og behandling af udsatte børn og familier
Full text linkHvordan kan en musikterapeutisk tilgang styrke og sikre sårbare familiers interaktion og tilknytningsmønstre gennem et fokus på den nonverbale emotionelle kommunikation mellem forældre og barn? Det er fokus for denne artikel. Vi skal som samfund kunne tilbyde udsatte familier robuste udredninger med unikke informationer for at kunne styrke forældrekompetencer og forældre-barn-interaktioner og dermed sikre barnets tarv, og vi skal som samfund tilbyde evidensbaserede indsatser til at hjælpe de sårbare familier på rette vej igen. I denne artikel gennemgås en specifik musikterapeutisk udredningsmetode, Assessment of Parent-Child Interaction (APCI), der er udviklet af artiklens forfatter, primært på bagrund af egne kliniske erfaringer samt en efterfølgende forskningsbaseret validering af redskabet. Metoden har til hensigt netop at tilbyde troværdige og værdifulde informationer for at imødekomme samfundets udfordringer og for at fokusere målsætning for familieterapi. Artiklen stiller skarpt på mekanismerne bag metoden, herunder gennemgang af relevant teori samt den kliniske anvendelse set både fra terapeuters og familiers vinkel. Som en behandlingstilgang er musikterapien tilsvarende relevant, da effektstudier viser forbedret forældre-barn-kommunikation og et bedre indbyrdes forhold, forbedret udvikling for barnet og bedre velfærd for forældrene.The focus for this article is social challenges around supporting and securing interaction and attachment within vulnerable families using a music-therapy approach. Music therapy with vulnerable children and families has good, broad applications, and by offering valuable information from robust music therapy assessment methods, it is possible to strengthen parenting competences and parent-child interaction. “Assessment of Parent-Child Interaction (APCI)” is a music-therapy assessment tool developed by the author in order to meet some of the social challenges by offering information to aid goal-setting for treatment. Music therapy as a general approach is also relevant in family-therapy work, and effect studies show improved parent-child communication and relationship, improved development for the child, and better wellbeing for the parent.<br/
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