36 research outputs found
T cell activation and proliferation following acute exercise in human subjects is altered by storage conditions and mitogen selection
No full text7-1444
Immunoendocrine interactions and T cell proliferation responses to layered physical and psychological stressors
No full textIntroduction: Military training environments are rigorous requiring service men and women to endure not only physical and psychological stress but also sleep deprivation, caloric restrictions, and severe thermic challenges. Exposure to these layered stressors are thought to improve human performance by acclimating the individuals to “real-world” operational stressors. It is difficult for scientists to identify pertinent immunoendocrine interactions occurring in layered stress environments because of considerable logistical constraints involving location of and access to affected personnel. The convention has been to use immunoendocrine responses induced by various exercise regimens as platforms to generalize results to the layered, and more exaggerated stress environments of military training. Methods: Three distinct experiments were conducted to understand immunoendocrine interactions resulting from layered stress environments. The first project investigated T cell proliferation following concurrent aerobic and resistance training as well as assessing changes in measures of proliferation following delayed cell isolation protocols. The second project examined whether the exercise models we use to generalize to military experiences are accurate. Eight healthy males underwent a high intensity training session combining physical and psychological stress similar to that experience in military operational training. A control group of 8 subjects participated in a moderate intensity session as comparison. Blood parameters were measured at Pre, Post, 1 hr, 4hr, and 6hr. The third project was an observational study examining immunoendocrine responses to the Marine Corps Martial Arts Training Program (MCMAP). Thirty-six newly enlisted, male Marines were observed three times over a nine-week period at Fort Leonard Wood, MO. Blood parameters were measured prior to training, Post training and at 15 min intervals out to 1 hr after training cessation. Conclusions: Immunoendocrine alterations following MCMAP sessions are in line with current laboratory findings that examine response to paired physical and psychological stressors suggesting MCMAP may be a good real world analogue of laboratory based layered stress experiments. The higher intensity training sessions utilized in study two generated an enhanced proliferative response similar to that observed from exercise in competitive settings suggestive of a psychologically driven mechanism for proliferation
IMMUNOENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO MARINE CORPS MARTIAL ARTS TRAINING
No full textJacob A. Siedlik, Jake A. Deckert, Trent J. Herda, Joseph P. Weir, FACSM, Philip M. Gallagher & John P. Vardiman
Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
Military training programs are rigorous and involve periods of intense physical activity in a high psychologically stressful environment. Quantifying the interplay between exposure to acute physical and psychological stress events and the lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral circulation may aid the development of training strategies for military and first responder personnel. PURPOSE: This study’s purpose is to map the trajectory of the immunoendocrine response to training in the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program. METHODS: 10 male marines (age 20 ±1.4y, body mass 74.76 ± 8.96kg, height 177.5 ± 7.44cm) were recruited for participation. Subjects were observed 3 times during a 9-week period. Serial blood samples for cortisol, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI) and absolute CD4+ and CD8+ cells were collected before training and during the recovery period (Immediate Post, 15, 30, 45 and 60min). Variables were quantified using summary measures (area-under-the-curve (AUC), time to peak value and peak value) and analyzed using RMANOVAs. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences across visits for any of the summary or baseline measures. EPI (69±46.54pcg/ml, 70.6±46.12pcg/ml, 58.5±42.57pcg/ml), NE (880.3±670pcg/ml, 886.4±353.22pcg/ml, 874.1±578.12pcg/ml), CD4+ (744.4±182.15cells/ul, 944.9±326.46cells/ul, 900.6±217.58cells/ul), and CD8+ (664.8±204.89cells/ul, 939.1±443.69cells/ul, 833±238.8cells/ul) cells all reached peak values immediately post training. Times to peak value for cortisol (22.02±6.71mcg/dl, 20.91±5.92mcg/dl, 19.66±3.85mcg/dl) were 18, 7.5, and 9 minutes for Visits 1-3 respectively. As the time intervals between blood collections were 15 minutes, these are interpreted as a peak between 15-30min for Visit 1 and peaks between 0-15min for Visits 2-3. For Visits 1 and 2, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were significant correlated (.728, p=.017 and .712, p=.021). CONCLUSION: The lack of significant differences in AUC values across visits suggests the subject’s acute physiological responses to the training stress are not attenuated with repeated exposures. The observed decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio immediately post training is not associated with an immunosuppressive response but is driven by an increase in CD8+ cells. Future research should investigate signaling molecules that may preferentially mobilize CD8+ cells in response to acute stress exposure.
Supported by a grant through the Office of Naval Research
Eligibility Classification as a Factor in Understanding Student-Athlete Responses to Collegiate Volleyball Competition
No full textThe current study examined differences in heart rate variability (HRV) across student-athletes of different eligibility classifications and analyzed differences in HRV when competing at home or away. Fourteen female collegiate volleyball players volunteered for the study. Data collection encompassed an entire collegiate season, with comparisons in HRV made between home and away games, as well as pre-gameday, gameday, and post-gameday recordings for the whole squad. Comparisons were also made between student-athlete eligibility classification, with self-reported measures of sleep quality, fatigue, muscle soreness, stress, and mood recorded at the time of HRV measurement. Freshman athletes reported a significantly (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.17) lower HRV (80.3 ± 9.7) compared to sophomore (85.7 ± 7.2), junior (91.2 ± 8.3), and senior (86.5 ± 7.2) athletes, while junior athletes had a significantly higher HRV when compared to sophomore and senior athletes. All athlete classifications reported similar HRV for home and away games, and there was no difference in HRV for any athlete classification group when comparing pre-gameday, gameday, and post-gameday measures. Freshman athletes reported significantly (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.23) worse mood states compared to the other eligibility classifications, while self-reported stress was significantly (p < 0.05) worse in junior and senior athletes. Results suggest that monitoring the workload of student-athletes based on their eligibility classification holds merit. Collegiate coaching and support staff should be aware of the academic and competitive demands placed on their student-athletes. In particular, freshman athletes adjusting to the increased demands placed on them as collegiate student-athlete may warrant additional support
Creatine and Resistance Training: A Combined Approach to Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
No full textDoxorubicin (DOX), a potent chemotherapy agent, useful in the treatment of solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias, is limited by its potentially lethal cardiotoxicity. However, exercise has been consistently shown to mitigate the side effects of DOX, including cardiotoxicity. To date, most studies examining the relationship between exercise and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have focused on aerobic exercise, with very few examining the role of anerobic activity. Therefore, this investigation explored the potential of creatine (CR) and resistance training (RT) in preserving cardiac health during DOX therapy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into RT, RT + CR, sedentary (SED), and SED + CR, with each division further branching into saline (SAL) or DOX-treated subsets post-10 weeks of RT or SED activity. RT comprised progressive training utilizing specialized cages for bipedal stance feeding. CR-treated groups ingested water mixed with 1% CR monohydrate and 5% dextrose, while control animals received 5% dextrose. At week 10, DOX was administered (2 mg/kg/week) over 4-weeks to an 8 mg/kg cumulative dose. Cardiac function post-DOX treatment was assessed via transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular diameter during diastole was lower in DOX + CR, RT + DOX, and RT + CR + DOX compared to SED + DOX (p < 0.05). Additionally, cardiac mass was significantly greater in RT + CR + DOX SED + DOX animals (p < 0.05). These results suggest RT and CR supplementation, separately and in combination, could attenuate some measures of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and may offer a cost-effective way to complement cancer treatments and enhance patient outcomes. More investigations are essential to better understand CR’s prolonged effects during DOX therapy and its clinical implications
Boldine Alters Serum Lipidomic Signatures after Acute Spinal Cord Transection in Male Mice
No full textTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in wide-ranging cellular and systemic dysfunction in the acute and chronic time frames after the injury. Chronic SCI has well-described secondary medical consequences while acute SCI has unique metabolic challenges as a result of physical trauma, in-patient recovery and other post-operative outcomes. Here, we used high resolution mass spectrometry approaches to describe the circulating lipidomic and metabolomic signatures using blood serum from mice 7 d after a complete SCI. Additionally, we probed whether the aporphine alkaloid, boldine, was able to prevent SCI-induced changes observed using these ‘omics platforms’. We found that SCI resulted in large-scale changes to the circulating lipidome but minimal changes in the metabolome, with boldine able to reverse or attenuate SCI-induced changes in the abundance of 50 lipids. Multiomic integration using xMWAS demonstrated unique network structures and community memberships across the groups
Does Eligibility Classification Matter? Tracking Cardiac Autonomic Function during a Collegiate Soccer Season
No full textThe current study examined differences in heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) across student-athlete eligibility classifications within a men’s soccer team. The study also aimed to identify any differences in HRV while competing at home or away. Data collection covered an entire collegiate season, commencing in the preseason and concluding upon elimination from the NCAA Soccer tournament. Comparisons of HR and HRV, paired with self-reported subjective measures, were documented between student-athlete eligibility classifications, home versus away games, and based on soccer position (forward, midfielder, defender, goalkeeper). HR and HRV were similar based on student-athlete eligibility. Heart rate exhibited a small, but statistically significant decrease (β = −1.7 bpm (95% CI: −2.9, 0.57), p = 0.003) for the away games relative to home. HRV showed a statistically significant increase in the away game setting (β = 2.1 (95% CI: 0.78, 3.38), p = 0.002). No difference in HRV was observed across eligibility classification. This lack of difference may be attributed to a different perception of stress amongst male athletes. Athletes also exhibited a reduced HRV at home, likely as an indication of their readiness to compete paired with an increased self-confidence, given there was no difference in any subjective measures of mood or stress or between games played away or at home
The Effect of a Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement on Time to Fatigue in NCAA Division I Cross-Country Athletes
No full textThis investigation aimed to determine the effect of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), lactate concentration, and time to fatigue (TTF) during a running task to volitional exhaustion. Eleven NCAA Division I cross-country runners (20 ± 2 year; height: 171 ± 14 cm; weight: 63.5 ± 9.1 kg) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Bayesian statistical methods were utilized, and parameter estimates were interpreted as statistically significant if the 95% highest-density intervals (HDIs) did not include zero. TTF was increased in the MIPS condition with a posterior Meandiff = 154 ± 4.2 s (95% HDI: −167, 465) and a 0.84 posterior probability that the supplement would increase TTF relative to PL. Blood lactate concentration immediately post-exercise was also higher in the MIPS condition compared to PL with an estimated posterior Meandiff = 3.99 ± 2.1 mmol (95% HDI: −0.16, 7.68). There were no differences in HR or RPE between trials. These findings suggest that a MIPS ingested prior to sustained running at lactate threshold has an 84% chance of increasing TTF in highly trained runners and may allow athletes to handle a higher level of circulating lactate before reaching exhaustion
