44 research outputs found
Author Correction: Grooved electrodes for high-power-density fuel cells
No full textCorrection to: Nature Energy. Published online 25 May 2023. This paper was originally published under a standard Springer Nature license (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited). It is now available as an open-access paper under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, © The Author(s). The error has been corrected in the online version of the article
Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media: Mechanistic Studies of Fuel Cell Reactions on Well-Defined Model Catalysts
No full text167 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.Ru was found to promote both methanol dehydrogenation and CO oxidation on adjacent Pt sites. Ru enhances methanol dehydrogenation through two distinct ligand effects: it increases the intrinsic dehydrogenation activity of adjacent Pt sites, and it causes CO to diffuse away from these active sites, decreasing the CO poisoning effect. A Ru ligand effect also enhances CO oxidation by weakening the Pt-CO bond. Ru supplies adsorbed OH for bifunctional CO oxidation, but since Pt defects can also supply OH in alkaline media, the Ru bifunctional effect is less significant than the three ligand effects.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media: Mechanistic Studies of Fuel Cell Reactions on Well-Defined Model Catalysts
No full textRu was found to promote both methanol dehydrogenation and CO oxidation on adjacent Pt sites. Ru enhances methanol dehydrogenation through two distinct ligand effects: it increases the intrinsic dehydrogenation activity of adjacent Pt sites, and it causes CO to diffuse away from these active sites, decreasing the CO poisoning effect. A Ru ligand effect also enhances CO oxidation by weakening the Pt-CO bond. Ru supplies adsorbed OH for bifunctional CO oxidation, but since Pt defects can also supply OH in alkaline media, the Ru bifunctional effect is less significant than the three ligand effects.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T20:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2006Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 83669
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only167 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006
Highlighting DOE EERE Efforts for the Development of SOFC Systems for APU and Stationary Applications
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Asymmetric gas diffusion layers for improved water management in PGM-free electrodes
No full textProton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer a long-term, carbon-emission free solution to the energy needs of the transportation sector. However, high cost continues to limit PEMFC commercialization. Replacing expensive platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts with PGM-free catalysts could reduce cost, but the low active site density of PGM-free catalysts necessitates the use of thick electrodes that suffer from substantial mass transport losses. In these thick PGM-free electrodes, effective water management and oxygen transport are crucial to achieve high performance. In this work, we investigate the role of anode and cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) configurations in controlling water management. Asymmetric GDL configurations, in which the anode GDL exhibits higher permeability than the cathode GDL, showed higher performance compared to conventional symmetric configurations. Computational modeling showed that the improved performance is mainly due to improved water management, resulting in lower liquid water saturation and faster oxygen transport in the cathode
Advanced Nanocarbons for Enhanced Performance and Durability of Platinum Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
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Meso-Structured Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrode
No full textIncreasing the utilization of Pt and Pt alloy catalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathodes is critical to improving the high power density operation, particularly at low Pt loadings. State of the art electrodes are fabricated in an ink deposition process that leads to uncontrolled electrode architecture with random aggregates of functional domains (catalyst, ionomer, and pore volume) (1). The randomness in the domains induces high tortuosity transport pathways for ions and fluids, which cause severe transport resistance during high current density operation. Thin ionomer films cause additional transport resistance and poisoning of the Pt catalyst, which becomes more significant at low Pt loadings. Reducing the amount of ionomer in the catalyst domain without affecting the ionic transport resistance is key to improving the utilization of the Pt and reducing the transport resistance at low Pt loading. Rational design of the electrode structure with controlled low tortuous ionic transport pathways could improve performance. The introduction of the ionomer pathways could also enable reduction of the ionomer volume in the catalyst domain, reducing the transport resistance. Middelmen et al. proposed electrode structures consisting of aligned components in a low tortuosity configuration to improve performance (2). In this work, we present an alternative electrode structure based on a vertically aligned array of Nafion pillars in the cathode catalyst layer, as shown in Figure 1a. Figure 1b shows the SEM image of the Nafion pillars. Pt supported on carbon catalyst was deposited on the Nafion pillars to fabricate a meso-structured electrode. Nafion pillars provide high conductive and low tortuous pathways for protons, reducing the effective transport distance, and enabling reduction of the ionomer binder in the catalyst domain. Acknowledgments This research is supported by DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office, through the Fuel Cell Performance and Durability (FC-PAD) Consortium; Fuel Cells program manager: Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos. References 1. S. Litster and G. McLean, Journal of Power Sources, 130, 61 (2004). 2. E. Middelman, Improved PEM fuel cell electrodes by controlled self-assembly, in, p. 9 (2002). Figure
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In situ PEM fuel cell water measurements
No full textEfficient PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel cell performance requires effective water management. To achieve a deeper understanding of water transport and performance issues associated with water management, we have conducted in situ water examinations to help understand the effects of components and operations. High Frequency Resistance (HFR), AC Impedance and Neutron imaging were used to measure water content in operating fuel cells, with various conditions, including current density, relative humidity, inlet flows, flow orientation and variable Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) properties. High resolution neutron radiography was used to image fuel cells during a variety of conditions. The effect of specific operating conditions, including flow direction (co-flow or counter-flow) was examined. Counter-flow operation was found to result in higher water content than co-flow operation, which correlates to lower membrane resistivity. A variety of cells were used to quantify the membrane water in situ during exposure to saturated gases, during fuel cell operation, and during hydrogen pump operation. The quantitative results show lower membrane water content than previous results suggested
