87 research outputs found
MD Family Medicine - Calicut experience: History is made here
No full textGovernment Medical College, Calicut, Kerala - the first medical college in India to start Doctor of Medicine (MD) in family medicine as a postgraduate course. This was in the year 2012. Till date, this is the only medical college to have MD Family Medicine program in India. The college was allowed two MD Family Medicine seats per year by the Medical Council of India, and this is a 3 year course. The first batch of MD Family Medicine students has passed out from the Government Medical College, Calicut in July 2015. In this article, the author, who has been working as an assistant professor in the Department of Family Medicine, ever since the department started in the year 2012, shares her experiences in setting up the department, its functioning and the achievement of bringing out the first batch of successful MD Family Medicine specialists. Another laurel, of which the institution is proud of, is that they were able to incorporate family medicine teaching program in the MBBS curriculum. A brief introduction about Government Medical College, Calicut, is also given
Studying the role of noise in E. coli chemotaxis
No full textBiochemical signaling networks allow living cells to adapt to changing environments, but these networks have to cope with unavoidable number fluctuations (“noise”) in their molecular constituents. These fluctuations can arise over time in an individual cell (due to inherent stochasticity in chemical reactions) or manifest themselves as differences between individual cells. The chemotaxis signaling network of Escherichia coli, using which these bacteria modulate their random walk-like run/tumble swimming pattern to navigate their environment, is a paradigm for the role of noise in cell signaling. The E. coli chemotaxis network thus has been my model system of choice to characterize and study the role of these different types of noise.
A key signaling protein in this network, CheY, when activated by phosphorylation, causes a switch in the rotational direction of the flagellar motors propelling the cell, leading to tumbling. Since the degree of CheY activation/phosphorylation is a function of the cell’s environment, the CheY-P concentration, [CheY-P], is a measure of the output of the chemotaxis network and random fluctuations in [CheY-P] in time provide a proxy for network noise. However, measuring these fluctuations in the single cell, especially at the relevant timescale of individual run and tumble “decision making” events, remains a challenge. In my thesis work, we developed an approach to quantify short timescale (0.5-5 s) network noise due to [CheY-P] fluctuations using rotational switching statistics of individual flagella observed using time-resolved fluorescence microscopy of individual optically trapped E. coli cells. This work revealed the existence of high network noise at steady state which may be critical to driving cell tumbling. Upon activation of the network, this noise is reduced dramatically; we connect this reduction, through modeling, to the existence of an intrinsic kinetic ceiling on network activation, which may be functionally important to prevent unproductive tumbling.
In collaboration with the research groups of Seppe Kuehn, Ido Golding and Nigel Goldenfeld, using single-cell optical trapping, I also studied evolution in E. coli motility/chemotaxis and the cell-cell variation therein in strains that were selected for faster collective migration through agar. In this work, we attempt to connect changes in relevant molecular constituents of the chemotaxis network, CheR and CheB, to changes in motility and chemotaxis at the individual and population level.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01The student, Roshni Bano, accepted the attached license on 2020-11-28 at 12:06.The student, Roshni Bano, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-11-28 at 12:18.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-12-03 at 16:25.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15973 on 2021-03-04 at 16:32:37Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:45:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2020-12-03Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 117309
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimite
Hardware and software for hand-held electrical impedance myography measurement prototype system
No full textThesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-77).This thesis discusses the need for a more quantitative, objective, and non-invasive method of neuromuscular disease assessment. Currently, the best solution to this problem requires large, bulky pieces of equipment and the time-consuming placement of numerous individual electrodes. In this thesis, a new hardware device and its corresponding software interface are described. The device includes a reconfigurable hand-held probe with an electrode head which both makes contact with the skin and eliminates the need for individual electrodes. The new software interface provides a simple way for users to control the device through the USB interface of a laptop. In addition, various strategies were explored for leveraging the linearity of the muscle tissue in order to shorten the measurement time.by Roshni C. Cooper.M.Eng
Review paper on four cylinder four stroke petrol engine
No full textThis thesis is about how to perform an analysis of four cylinder four stroke engine. As we know, dynamometer
is very expensive in the market and some way need to be build to perform engine performance analysis based on
functionality of dynamometer. So, engine test rig had been designed before can proceed to fabrication process. Some
sketches software had used like autocad and solidwork to draft out the shape of engine test rig. Materials selection also
included in this designed process. Variable loads will be given at constant engine speed to see whether performance of
engine will decrease or increase. Here, we can analyze at which engine speed is the optimum of performance from this
small engine. So, some losses like power and fuel can be decrease. Author will be taking ideal procedure for improve
performance of engine to change fuel quality by blending approach and reduced emission practically
VIRAL AND HOST FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-1 VERTICAL TRANSMISSION AND PATHOGENESIS
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Downloaded 16-Sep-2016 17:56:3
Cost-effectiveness of a group psychological intervention for postnatal depression in British south Asian women : an economic evaluation from the ROSHNI-2 trial
No full text© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article.
To request permission for a type of use not listed, please contact Elsevier Global Rights Department.BACKGROUND: Minority ethnic groups often face ethnocultural barriers in accessing mental health treatments. The ROSHNI-2 trial compared culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy (Positive Health Programme [PHP]) with treatment as usual for postnatal depression in British south Asian women. We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the PHP intervention. METHODS: The ROSHNI-2 trial was a multicentre, two-arm, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial; we conducted an economic evaluation over a 12-month period to assess the cost-effectiveness of PHP plus treatment as usual versus treatment as usual alone from the perspective of the English National Health Service and personal social services. In the trial, British south Asian women aged 16 years or older with a child aged up to 12 months, and meeting DSM-5 criteria for depression, were recruited from northwest England, Yorkshire, the East Midlands, and London. The PHP intervention involved 12 group sessions delivered by two trained bilingual facilitators, held once per week for 2 months and once per fortnight thereafter, each lasting 60-90 min. Questionnaires on depression symptoms, quality of life, and resource use were completed at baseline, 4 months (end of intervention), and 12 months after random assignment. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were used for the cost-utility analysis, and recovery from depression at 4 months (the primary clinical outcome), assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, informed the cost-effectiveness analysis. After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the intervention was adapted for online delivery for the remaining participants. A stratified analysis compared the cost-effectiveness of online versus in-person delivery. The trial involved researchers with lived experience, and all methods, including health economic measures, were developed in consultation with service users, community members, and faith leaders. This is a preplanned analysis of the ROSHNI-2 trial, registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN10697380). FINDINGS: From Feb 8, 2017, to March 29, 2020, 732 eligible women were enrolled: 368 participants were randomly assigned to the PHP arm and 364 to the treatment as usual arm. The base-case intention-to-treat analysis showed that PHP significantly increased costs (£712, 95% CI 311 to 1113) and QALYs (0·036, 95% CI 0·006 to 0·067), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £19 601 (7622 to 83 772). Based on the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) maximum willingness-to-pay threshold of £30 000 per QALY, the likelihood of PHP being cost-effective was 77% from a health and social care perspective. Cost per remission from depression at the 4-month follow-up was £5509 (2916 to 17 860). In a stratified analysis of 34 participants attending online sessions during the pandemic, incremental QALY effects were 0·125 (0·048 to 0·203), resulting in costs of £202 (-3906 to 10 918) per additional QALY gained. INTERPRETATION: The average cost of PHP for postpartum women was below the lower end of the NICE threshold of £20 000-30 000 per QALY, excluding benefits to the child or potential gains such as reduced lost productivity from early remission. PHP, a culturally adapted group cognitive behavioural therapy-based intervention, might be a cost-effective intervention for postnatal depression in British south Asian women. Online PHP delivery showed promising clinical and cost-effective results for this group but requires a large-scale study. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(25)00039-2/fulltex
Research Integrity in trying times: a scenario on the presentation and dissemination of information
No full textThis scenario focuses on how information is presented and disseminated, at different points of a research project. Other issues highlighted are:
Research integrity and research ethics during a global emergency
Excluding relevant information from a research proposal
International and interdisciplinary collaborations
Responsibility of researchers when communicating unreviewed information
Author permissions before publication
Researchers’ accountability for the integrity of the project
Retraction practice
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