4 research outputs found
Church and capital punishment
No full textAutor analizira opstojnost, pravnu opravdanost l motivacije
smrtne kazne, kako u različitim društvima, tako l unutar Crkve. U
prvom poglavlju Ispituje njezinu opstojnost tijekom povijesti,
počevši od "predjurldlčklh" kultura do onih "Jurtdtčklh". U drugom
poglavlju riječ Je o buđenju svijesti o dostojanstvu i vrijednosti
ljudskog života u modernom razdoblju sve do danas. U trećem
dijelu autor Iznosi stav kršćanstva t Crkve u povijesti l danas.
Služeći se analitičkom metodom, autor Ističe da su sva društva
l kulture u povijesti poznavale smrtnu kaznu. U "predjurtdlčktm"
društvima ona Je bila čin osvete tll "sakralne" dužnosti, dok u
Jurtdlčklm društvima postaje kazneno pravo državne vlasti kojim
se ona brani od zločinaca l obeshrabruje buduća zlodjela.
Od polovice XVIII. stoljeća počinje razvoj svijesti o dostojanstvu
osobe, o ljudskim pravima, kao što Je pravo na život. Da U umjesto
smrtne kazne država treba odrediti neku "medtclnalnu" kaznu koja
bi zločincu omogućila rehabilitaciju l povratak u društvenu zajednicu,
pitanje je koje zaokuplja europsku misao. Prvi glas protiv
smrtne kazne dolazi od talijanskog pravnika C. Beccarlae. Njegova
misao će utjecati na reformu kaznenog prava, tako da krajem XIX.
t u XX. stoljeću brojne države započinju s ukidanjem smrtne kazne
l uvode kaznu doživotnog zatvora. No, smrtna kazna postoji t vrši
se još uvijek u mnogim državama svijeta, unatoč deklaracijama
OUN-a l sve jačem pokretu protiv opstojnosti smrtne kazne.
Rano kršćanstvo protivilo se postojanju smrtne kazne jer se
ona protivila kršćanskom t ljudskom dostojanstvu, o čemu svjedoče
neki crkveni oci. Ipak, pod utjecajem društvenog mentaliteta l
rimskog prava, u srednjem vijeku (XII. st.) I Crkva dopušta smrtnu
kaznu, radi općeg dobra zajednice, obeshrabrivanja drugih
mogućih zločinaca t zadovoljenja kaznene pravednosti. Smrtna je
kazna smatrana zlom koje silom nameće zakonita t javna vlast
zbog održavanja društvenog reda.
U povijesti Ima veoma malo Intervenata Učtteljstva o smrtnoj
kazni; tek u srednjem vijeku (1208.) jedan tekst pape Nikole L, te
jedan govor pape Pija XII. Prema Piju XII. nije država ta koja Ima
pravo raspolaganja životom pojedinca, već je sam kriminalac taj koji Je svojim zločinom sam sebe lišio prava na život, a državna
vlast Je samo izvršitelj kazne.
U današnje vrijeme, kada je sazorila ideja u društvu o dostojanstvu
ljudske osobe, o vrijednosti ljudskog života i o neotuđivom
pravu na život, i Crkva je na razini svojega Uciteljstva postala
svjesna daje smrtna kazna neprilična u modernom društvu. S time
se slaže Sveti Otac, kao i svi biskupi Katoličke crkve.This article analyzes the viability, legal validity and motivation of
capital punishment, in various societies as well as within the Church.
The first chapter examines its viability throughout history, from
"prejuridical" cultures to the "juridical" ones. The second chapter is
about the avvareness of dignity and value of human life in
contemporary time up to the present day. In tlie third part the author
presents the attitude of Christianity and Church tovvards it, in history
and today.
The progress of the awareness of human dignity and human
rights, as the right of life is, begins in the second half of XVII century.
The first voice against capital punishment comes from the Italian
lawyer C. Beccaria. His ideas will influence on the criminal law
reform, so that, at the end of 19 century and in 20 century, numerous
states start abolishing the capital punishment, introducing the
sentence of life imprisonment. However, capital punishment stih
exists and it is in practice in many countries in the world, in spite of
OUN deelarations and ever growing movement against the existence of
death penalty.
Early Christianiry was against the existence of death penalty as it
was against the Christian and human dignity, which is witnessed by
some Church Fathers. Nevertheless, under the influence of social
mentality and Roman law in the Middle Ages (XII century) even the
Church allows death penalty, because of public welfare of the
community, because of discouraging other possible criminals and
because of satisfying the criminal justice.
Throughout history there are very few Doctrine interventions on
the capital punishment. According to Pius XII, it is not the state that
has right of disposing of an individual's life, but the criminal himself
is the one who, because of his crime, deprives himself of the right of
life, and state authorities are only the executors of the punishment.
Today, when the idea of human dignity, value of human life and
inalienable right of life has grown ripe in sociery, the Church too, on
the level of its Doctrine, has become aware that capital punishment is
inappropriate in modern society. Holy Father is of the same opinion
as well as ali the bishops of the Catholic Church
Association between vasectomy and risk of testicular cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectivesA number of researchers have reported that vasectomy is a risk factor for testicular cancer. However, this conclusion is inconsistent with a number of other published articles. Hence, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess whether vasectomy increases the risk of testicular cancer.Materials and methodsWe identified all related studies by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library database from January 01, 1980 to June 01, 2017. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist was used to assess all included non-randomized studies. Summarized odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the difference in outcomes between case and control groups. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the study design and country.ResultsA total of eight studies (2176 testicular cancer patients) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Six articles were case-control studies, and two were cohort studies. The pooled estimate of the OR was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.93–1.30) based on the eight studies in a fixed effects model. Two subgroup analyses were performed according to the study design and country. The results were consistent with the overall findings. Publication bias was detected by Begg’s test and Egger’s test and p values > 0.05, respectively.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis suggested that there was no association between vasectomy and the development of testicular cancer. More high-quality studies are warranted to further explore the association between vasectomy and risk of testicular cancer.</div
DS_10.1177_0363546518810508 – Supplemental material for Performance of PROMIS Global-10 Compared With Legacy Instruments for Rotator Cuff Disease
No full textSupplemental material, DS_10.1177_0363546518810508 for Performance of PROMIS Global-10 Compared With Legacy Instruments for Rotator Cuff Disease by Allen D. Nicholson, Hafiz F. Kassam, Steven D. Pan, Jacob E. Berman, Theodore A. Blaine and David Kovacevic in The American Journal of Sports Medicine</p
Systematic revision of the Andean butterfly genus Orophila Staudinger, 1886 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae)
No full textZubek, Anna, Pyrcz, Tomasz, Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Cerdeña, Jose, Mahecha-Jiménez, Oscar, Huertas, Blanca (2017): Systematic revision of the Andean butterfly genus Orophila Staudinger, 1886 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae). Zootaxa 4258 (5): 443-461, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.5.
