31 research outputs found
A new species of the rare nematode genus Paramicrolaimus Wieser, 1954 (Chromadorida: Paramicrolaimidae) from the south eastern Arabian Sea
No full textJacob, Jini, Jaleel, Abdul, Vijayan, Anil Kumar (2015): A new species of the rare nematode genus Paramicrolaimus Wieser, 1954 (Chromadorida: Paramicrolaimidae) from the south eastern Arabian Sea. Zootaxa 3904 (4): 563-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.4.
Paramicrolaimus Wieser 1954
No full textGenus Paramicrolaimus Wieser, 1954 Diagnosis. Finely striated cylindrical body. Labial sensilla papilliform, barely visible. Cephalic setae in two separate circles (6 + 4), almost equal in size. Amphids ventrally coiled, spiral, with a loop. Buccal cavity narrow, tubular, with two denticle-like projections. Males with two opposed testes. Females with two antidromously reflexed ovaries. Ventrally placed pre-anal papillae present in males. Tail conoid.Published as part of Jacob, Jini, Jaleel, Abdul & Vijayan, Anil Kumar, 2015, A new species of the rare nematode genus Paramicrolaimus Wieser, 1954 (Chromadorida: Paramicrolaimidae) from the south eastern Arabian Sea, pp. 563-571 in Zootaxa 3904 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/23306
PLATE 1 in A novel species Spinonema gracilispiculum sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the oxygen minimum zone of Eastern Arabian Sea margin
No full textPLATE 1. Study area showing the type locality of Spinonema gracilispiculum sp. n.Published as part of Jacob, Jini, Rayaroth, Anilkumar Padinjare, Useph, Abdul Jaleel Koovapurath, Philip, Rosamma & Damodaran, Rayaroth, 2020, A novel species Spinonema gracilispiculum sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the oxygen minimum zone of Eastern Arabian Sea margin, pp. 587-598 in Zootaxa 4869 (4) on page 588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/442323
Paramicrolaimus damodarani Jacob, Jaleel & Vijayan, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textDescription of Paramicrolaimus damodarani sp. nov. (Figs 2–4) Material examined. Holotype, two paratype males and two juveniles [Slide No.IO/SS/NEM/00021; Deposited at FORV Referral Centre, Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Kochi, Kerala, India.] collected from continental margin of south eastern Arabian Sea. Type locality. Holotype and paratype males: Continental margin of south eastern Arabian Sea—off Kannur, 11 ° 45 ’ 02” N, 74 ° 41 ’ 47 ” E, 95 m, 11.02. 2012 (FORVSS 295). Two juveniles: South eastern Arabian Sea—off Cape Comorin, 7 ° 09’ 12 ” N, 77 ° 19 ’ 14 ” E, 207 m, 21.04. 2005 (FORVSS 233). Sediment texture was silt with low percentages of clay, bottom temperature 26.6 °C, bottom salinity 35.65 psu, bottom dissolved oxygen concentration 2.98 ml/l. Description. Holotype (male): Body cylindrical, long and thread like. Total body length 1280 µm, a = 51.2, b = 9.14, c = 20.32. Body diameter 20 µm at the level of posterior cephalic setae, with maximum 25 µm at mid body and 25 µm at anus. Cuticle thick, striated; striation in the cephalic region weak, distinct at mid body and caudal region. Hypodermal gland cells present. Head without striation, slightly constricted at the level of amphids. Labial sensillae barely visible. Cephalic setae in two separate circles (6 + 4), with similar lengths (13–14 µm). Somatic setae present in cephalic (5 µm) and caudal (7 µm) regions. Buccal cavity irregular, with deep and narrow anterior part and posterior part with sclerotized walls, two teeth present as dorsal and right subventral projections. Amphids wide (11 µm), thick walled, transversely oval-shaped with a small dorsal limb, located 19 µm away from the anterior end. Oesophagus 140 Μm long with swollen anterior end, middle part thin and cylindrical; posterior end swollen resembling a slightly elongated or weak oesophageal bulb (35 Μm long and 10 Μm wide). Males diorchic. Spicules paired, equal in size, 28 µm long, strongly arcuate, proximally cephalate with a distinct ventral, raised keel-like structure at mid-length. Gubernaculum parallel to spicule, simple in shape with lateral wing in the middle part. Seven distally expanded, cuticularised, protruding, precloacal supplements, each with distal thorn-like structures at their tips. First anterior and last posterior precloacal supplements slightly smaller than those between. Tail conoid, attenuated, ventrally coiled; 63 µm in length. Short, broad terminal spinneret present, strongly cuticularised, with long terminal setae arising from it dorsally. Females and Juveniles. Females not found; juveniles resemble males in general morphology (Table 1). Diagnosis. Cuticle finely striated. Conspicuous amphids with thick wall, transversely oval-shaped with a small dorsal limb. Spicules paired, strongly arcuate, proximally cephalate with a distinct central keel. Gubernaculum simple, plate-like, with a lateral wing in the middle part. Seven cuticularised, protruding, ventrally placed precloacal supplements. Tail conoid with a cuticularised terminal spinneret. Relationships. The general shape of the body and the spicular apparatus, position and number of cephalic setae, and position and shape of the amphid place the present specimens in Paramicrolaimus Wieser, 1954 (Figs 2–4; Tables 1 & 2). They are most similar to Paramicrolaimus mirus Tchesunov, 1988 in the general shape of the body, buccal cavity, oesophagus, size and shape of amphid and shape of gubernaculum. Paramicrolaimus damodarani sp. nov. strongly differs from P. mirus in body length (1.28 mm vs 4.06 mm), length of cephalic setae (6 + 8 µm vs 13 + 14–15 µm), a -value (105–106 vs 51–52.4), b - value (21.7–21.8 vs 8.8–9.1), c -value (28–40.5 vs 18.8–20.3), number of precloacal supplements (7 vs 9), shape and size of spicular apparatus (28 µm vs 23 µm), and in having a terminal spinneret which is absent in P. mirus (Figs 2–4, Tables 1 & 2). Specimens of P. mirus from the Yellow Sea (Huang & Zhang, 2005) showed larger measurements in all morphological characters compared with P. damodarani sp. nov. (Table 2). Also, the spicule of P. mirus has a velum (Huang & Zhang 2005) whereas P. damodarani sp. nov. has a central keel at mid-length. The gubernaculum in both the species were plate-shaped with a lateral wing in middle part but is of different size (19 µm vs 18 µm). The spinneret of P. damodarani sp. nov. has strongly cuticularised walls and the setae in the caudal region are longer (Figs 2, 3) than in P. mirus. Paramicrolaimus damodarani sp. nov. can be differentiated from P. spirulifer in being smaller (1.28 mm vs 4.43 mm) in all morphological measurements in addition to the number of precloacal suppliments (7 vs 6) and the shape of the gubernaculum (Figure 2–4; Table 2). While Wieser, 1959 reported 6 precloacal supplements in P. spirulifer, Jensen (1978) counted 10 in the redescription of the species. The gubernaculum in P. spirulifer is weakly sclerotized and apparently surrounds the distal parts of the spicules but in P. damodarani sp. nov. it is plate-shaped with a lateral wing in the middle part. Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. R. Damodaran, with deep gratitude and in appreciation of his invaluable contributions to benthic studies in India.Published as part of Jacob, Jini, Jaleel, Abdul & Vijayan, Anil Kumar, 2015, A new species of the rare nematode genus Paramicrolaimus Wieser, 1954 (Chromadorida: Paramicrolaimidae) from the south eastern Arabian Sea, pp. 563-571 in Zootaxa 3904 (4) on pages 566-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/23306
Ethnic Education and Multicultural Coexistence in Zainichi Korean Literature: On Che Sils Jini no pazuru
No full textThis study analyzes the function and significance of Zainichi ethnic education in the era of multicultural coexistence through an exploration of Jini no pazuru (Jinis Puzzle), a novel published in 2016 by Zainichi Korean author Che Sil, and its treatment of ethnic education. Against the backdrop of Chosŏn schools (Chōsen gakkō/Chosŏn hakkyo), which are Zainichi institutions of ethnic education, Jini no pazuru deals with multiple issues pertaining to Zainichi Koreans, including ethnic education, North Korea and the North Korean repatriation project, and anti-Korean sentiment. The novel focuses on Jini, a student at a Chosŏn school, and the personal turmoil she undergoes in her experience of this school. In particular, the novel highlights the difficulties faced by Zainichi Korean schoolchildren, who are doubly marginalized figures in Japanese society. In this process, the novel questions the function of ethnic education, and mounts a critique of North Korea and Japanese society at large. At the same time, by innovatively incorporating the geographical space of the US, it moves away from the cliché of existing Zainichi Korean literature, which usually tends to circle around the subjects of Japan, North Korea, and Zainichi Korean society. By creating a more generalized experience in a third country, the novel sheds new light on the place of the individual within the community. Jini no pazuru illuminates the significance of ethnic education by introducing this narrative framework. The work also highlights the role of Chosŏn schools and ethnic education by showing how Jini chooses a rebellious path. Furthermore, it sends a message to Japan as it enters an era of multicultural co-existence by making manifest the multilayered issues faced by Zainichi Koreans. Through these features, the novel communicates a sense of the problems faced by minority groups within Japanese society and demonstrates the immense potential of Zainichi Korean literature
Spinonema gracilispiculum Jacob & Rayaroth & Useph & Philip & Damodaran 2020, sp.n.
No full textSpinonema gracilispiculum sp.n. Jacob (Table 1; Figures. 1–4; Plate 2) Materials examined: Holotype male and four paratypes, three males and one female, slide No. IO /SS/NEM/00024; deposited at FORV Referral Centre, Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Cochin, Kerala, India. Type locality: Trivandrum, 08° 27’ 768” N, 76° 23’ 637” E, 216 m collected on 19.05.2007 (FORVSS 254). The sediments consisted of 94% sandy sediments with 1.07% organic matter content, bottom temperature 15.45°C, bottom salinity 35.05, bottom dissolved oxygen concentration 0.35 ml/l. Etymology: The species is named for the slender spicules. Description: Holotype and paratype males (Figure 1–3; Plate 2), Short (1000˗1100 μm) cylindrical body, widest at level of pharyngeal bulb, tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle annulated posterior to head capsule. Coarse body annuli ornamented with a row of vacuoles; interannual spaces distinct (Figure 1D & E; Plate 2E). Ornamentation of body annuli (vacuoles) along anterior third part of body large and distinct but small and less conspicuous further on (Plate 2E). Larger annuli and interannual space in pharyngeal region, 10 annuli in pharyngeal region measure 33.5 µm wheareas 10 annuli further onwards measure 14 µm. The 29th cuticular annule in pharyngeal region bears a single, thornlike 14 μm long cuticularised spine (Figure 1D & 2A) on its dorsal side. Sexual dimor-phism in presence of thorn-like spine and the direction of winding in amphids. Males bears dorsal spine and dorsally wound amphid whereas in females dorsal spine absent and amphids ventrally wound. Wide lateral alae (17˗18 μm) present in mid body, originates 200 µm posterior (Figure.1F) to base of pharyngeal bulb, appears as two raised longitudinal rows of cuticular protrusion with a flat middle groove (‘valley’) in between (Figure 1A & G; Plate 2G & H) resembling the letter ‘C’. Body annuli do not interdigitate at level of lateral alae. Blunt, rounded head. Cephalic capsule smooth in general but ornamentation with small vacuoles are found at posterior edge of main part of head capsule. Head capsule of some specimens wider (21 µm) than long (19 µm) with very fine groove (sutura) in cuticle, separating lip region from main head region (Figure 1B; Plate 2A). Main head region wider than lip region. Lips often folded inwards, sometimes extended. Six outer labial papillae. Four thick, stout cephalic setae located at anterior edge of main part of head capsule (just posterior to sutura between lip region and main part), and at mid-level of fovea amphidialis. Amphids anteriorly placed, anterior edge of amphid touches anterior edge of cephalic capsule (Figure 1B). Cryptospiral fovea amphidialis and apertura amphidialis. Buccal cavity with single dorsal and two ventrolateral teeths and without denticles. Muscular pharynx, pyriform with bipartite terminal end bulb. Cuticle of the lumen thickened (Figure 2A). Reproductive system monorchic with one anterior outstretched testis located on right or left of intestine. Mature sperm cells globular (Figure 1C). Spicules narrow, long and arcuate (75˗80 µm) with short ventral hook-like projection in rounded capitulum; Barely visible velum, originates from base of rounded capitulum. Gubernaculum simple, short and parallel to spicule. There are 6 setiform precloacal papillae. Conical tail with slender spinneret. Non-annulated tail tip vacuolated (Figure 2B; Plate 2I); it makes out 50% of total tail length. Paratype female (Figure. 4): Similar to males except for a ventrally wound amphid and lack of dorsal spine. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic with short reflexed ovaries. Small vulva located posteriorly along the body (V =75%), Vagina vera cuticular and vagina uterina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Some crystalloid structures are observed in ovary (Plate 2J). Juvenile: Juveniles are similar to adults in all respects except for the presence of slender long spines along the mid body. Cuticular spines are also observed along the lateral alae of the genus Desmodorella Cobb, 1933. In Desmodorella, the spines are short, conspicuous and are arranged in two rows. In the present species, they look more like somatic setae appearing only in the mid body region of juveniles and are lost in mature adults. The spines are present throughout the life history of genus Desmodorella. Similar kind of observation was made in the species Spinonema spirale Larrazábal-Filho et al., 2019 while this characteristic is not observed in the other species of Spinonema. Genital primordium consists of a string of cells. Diagnosis: Cuticle annulated with distinct inter annual spaces and vacuoles. Sexual dimorphism in the presence of a strongly cuticularised single, thick, dorsal thornlike spine on the 29th cuticular annuli in the pharyngeal region of males. Wide lateral alae (Figure 1E; Plate 2) on mid body, starting 200 μm posterior to pharyngeal bulb and dis-appearing before reaching the level of cloaca. Posterior edge of cephalic capsule ornamented with small vacuoles, main part of capsule is smooth. Six smaller outer labial papillae in lip region and four cephalic setae at mid-level with unispiral amphid. Buccal cavity with dorsal and a pair of ventrosublateral teeth, no denticles. Muscular pharynx, bipartite. Thickened lumen cuticle. Male reproductive system monorchic with one anterior outstretched testis. Spicules thin, about 3 times as long as corresponding body diameter, arcuate with beak-shaped capitulum and a velum. Gubernaculum simple without apophysis. Short conical tail ornamented with vacuoles. Spinneret short.Published as part of Jacob, Jini, Rayaroth, Anilkumar Padinjare, Useph, Abdul Jaleel Koovapurath, Philip, Rosamma & Damodaran, Rayaroth, 2020, A novel species Spinonema gracilispiculum sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the oxygen minimum zone of Eastern Arabian Sea margin, pp. 587-598 in Zootaxa 4869 (4) on pages 589-592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/442323
Spinonema Larrazabal-Filho, Neres, Da Silva & Esteves 2019
No full textGenus Spinonema Larrazábal-Filho, Neres, Da Silva & Esteves, 2019 Diagnosis: Desmodorinae. Body cylindrical with well-developed cephalic capsule and short conical tail. Cuticle thick, with vacuoles extending from head capsule to end of tail. Annuli coarse, extending from head capsule to the beginning of tail, not overlapping with each other. Cuticle with lateral C-shaped alae along anterior portion of body; alae present in both sexes, varying in size according to species. Dorsal spine present in some species; when present, always located in pharyngeal region. Longitudinal rows of indistinct or barely visible somatic setae present in pharyngeal region, absent on remainder of body. Cephalic capsule either smooth or partly to entirely ornamented with small vacuoles. Four cephalic setae located in vicinity of fovea amphidialis; subcephalic setae absent. Fovea amphidialis cryptospiral, spiral or multispiral (may vary from 1.25 to 3 turns). Reproductive system monorchic with single outstretched anterior testis situated to left of intestine. Spicules with capitulum. Velum may be present. Precloacal setae may be present. Female reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries.Published as part of Jacob, Jini, Rayaroth, Anilkumar Padinjare, Useph, Abdul Jaleel Koovapurath, Philip, Rosamma & Damodaran, Rayaroth, 2020, A novel species Spinonema gracilispiculum sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the oxygen minimum zone of Eastern Arabian Sea margin, pp. 587-598 in Zootaxa 4869 (4) on page 589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/442323
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