1,722,792 research outputs found
Extending the feature set for automatic face recognition
No full textAutomatic face recognition has long been studied because it has a wide potential for application. Several systems have been developed to identify faces from small face populations via detailed face feature analysis, or by using neural nets, or through model based approaches. This study has aimed to provide satisfactory recognition within large populations of human faces and has concentrated on improving feature definition and extraction to establish an extended feature set to lead to a fully structured recognition system based on a single frontal view. An overall review on the development and the techniques of automatic face recognition is included, and performances of earlier systems are discussed. A novel profile description has been achieved from a frontal view of a face and is represented by a Walsh power spectrum which was selected from seven different descriptions due to its ability to distinguish the differences between profiles of different faces. A further feature has concerned the face contour which is extracted by iterative curve fitting and described by normalized Fourier descriptors. To accompany an extended set of geometric measurements, the eye region feature is described statistically by eye-centred moments. Hair texture has also been studied for the purpose of segmenting it from other parts of the face and to investigate the possibility of using it as a set of feature. These new features combine to form an extended feature vector to describe a face. The algorithms for feature extraction have been implemented on face images from different subjects and multiple views from the same person but without the face normal to the camera or without constant illumination. Features have been assessed in consequence on each feature set separately and on the composite feature vector. The results have continued to emphasize that though each description can be used to recognise a face there is a clear need for an extended feature set to cope with the requirements of recognizing faces within large populations
Economic Development, Resource Governance and Globalisation
No full textChina’s rapid economic growth in recent decades has seen the globalisation of China’s major listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which have also served as China’s national champions. This chapter explores the governance of these companies, their expansion overseas and the efforts that that they have made to facilitate resource security. The globalisation and growth of large Chinese listed SOEs and their distinctive governance structures has highlighted the importance of understanding these companies when dealing with them. This chapter provides an overview of key features of China’s large SOEs with a view to providing a basis for further analysis
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