109 research outputs found
Assessment of decadal-scale ecological change at a deep Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vent and reproductive time-series in the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata
No full textThis study presents a comparison of distribution and abundance of dominant megafaunal species at the TAG hydrothermal mound on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 1994 to 2004. A Geographical Information System (GIS) database was compiled from georeferenced observations of faunal abundances at 534 locations on the TAG hydrothermal mound, determined by image analysis of ROV dive footage from November 2004. These data are compared with observations from submersible dives in 1994 to assess changes in the extent and population density of aggregations of the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata at the central black smokers of TAG. The GIS database was also used to assess changes in abundance and distribution of the anemone Maractis rimicarivora by simulating the path of a biotransect conducted in 1994 and 1995. There was no evidence of a decline in the extent of shrimp aggregations at the central black smokers of TAG between 1994 and 2004. This result indicates that occasional exposure to high-intensity submersible lighting, which took place during several scientific expeditions in the intervening period, does not pose an immediate conservation threat to populations of R. exoculata. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the distribution and abundance of anemones between 1994 and 2004. These results indicate a constancy in the identity, distribution and abundance of dominant species at TAG that contrasts with other vent sites where quantitative time-series have been established. The reproductive pattern of R. exoculata was also examined by dissection and direct measurement of oocytes from females collected in September 1994 and November 2004, providing the first comparison of reproductive development in samples from different months for this species. There was no significant difference in oocyte size-frequency distributions of females collected in these samples, indicating a lack of seasonal reproduction in R. exoculata
Reproductive biology of three caridean shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, Chorocaris chacei and Mirocaris fortunata (Caridea: Decapoda), from hydrothermal vents
No full textThe caridean shrimp Rimicaris exoculata, Chorocaris chacei and Mirocaris fortunata, together with bathymodiolid mussels, dominate the vent fauna along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Vent shrimp show the characteristic reproductive patterns of caridean decapods. The gonads are paired organs overlying the digestive gland under the carapace. In the ovaries, the oogonia (∼20-30 μm diameter) proliferate in the germinal epithelium at the periphery of the gonad, developing into previtellogenic oocytes. The previtellogenic oocytes grow to 70-100 μm before undergoing vitellogenesis. The maximum size for mature oocytes ranged between 200 and 500 μm depending on the species and the sample. The oocyte size–frequency data show no evidence of synchrony in oogenesis at population level for any of the species studied. Mirocaris fortunata is the only species where gravid females are commonly collected. The brood is carried on the pleopods, and the number of eggs per female ranges from 25 to 503, with a mean egg length of 0.79±0.14 mm. There is a positive correlation between fecundity and body size, characteristic of crustaceans. One ovigerous C. chacei and two R.exoculata have been studied. The former was carrying 2510 eggs and the later 988 small eggs in an early stage of development. The fecundity of M. fortunata, C. chacei and R. exoculata is significantly higher than that of species from the Acanthephyra group collected in the north-east Atlantic.</jats:p
Biogeographic patterns at hydrothermal vents: Filling in the gaps and examining the influence of life-history biology
No full textMineral exploitation at deep-sea hydrothermal vents is poised to become a reality. Detailed knowledge of the biogeography, larval ecology, and occurrence of rare taxa at active and inactive vents is essential to foresee the potential impacts of mining, but our current understanding of vent biogeographic provinces, defined by differences in assemblage composition (e.g. Bachraty et al., 2009; Vrijenhoek, 2010), is incomplete. Here we present faunal composition data from recent explorations of hydrothermal vent fields on the East Scotia Ridge, Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Southwest Indian Ridge, which contribute to a preliminary analysis of the role of life-history on the distribution patterns of vent taxa. Our results address four regional "gaps" in the current picture of vent biogeography, revealing new species and novel assemblages. We anticipate that future analyses will enable us to assess how life-history biology may inform sustainable management of vent resources, and whether a taxon-specific approach is required to understand fully global patterns of vent biogeography
Diversity of meiofauna and free-living nematodes in hydrothermal vent mussel beds on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise
No full textThe ecology and biogeography of meiofauna at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have historically received less attention that those of mega- and macrofauna. This study examines the composition of major meiofaunal taxa in beds of the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus at hydrothermal vents on the northern and southern East Pacific Rise (EPR) and presents the first comparison of species assemblages of the dominant taxon, the nematodes, among sites spanning 27 degrees of latitude. Meiofaunal samples were collected by submersible from three mussel beds at 9°N on the EPR and four mussel beds between 17 and 18°S in 1999. Estimated ages of the mussel beds at the time of sampling range from 4 to >20 years, enabling investigation of influence of mussel bed age on meiofaunal assemblages. Overall, the meiofauna of the mussel beds was dominated by nematodes, with copepods constituting the second most abundant meiofaunal group. There was variation in the ratio of nematodes to copepods between sites, however, with copepods more abundant than nematodes in the youngest mussel beds. Apart from polychaete larvae, other meiofaunal groups were generally present at very low abundance (< 1 %) in the samples and restricted in diversity to gastropod larvae, acari, foraminifera, ostracoda and turbellaria. Seventeen nematode species from 14 genera and 11 families were found in the samples, with no evidence of endemicity to hydrothermal vents at the generic level. Four genera present were not previously recorded at hydrothermal vents. Nematode species richness, species:genus ratios and abundances were low compared with other deep-sea habitats, though the ecological relevance of comparisons with soft-sediment benthos is discussed. Nematode assemblages exhibited high dominance by a few species, with one species of Thalassomonhystera most abundant at 5 of the 7 vent sites. Multivariate analysis of nematode assemblages reveals similarities among sites that do not match geographical proximity. The youngest mussel beds were most similar to each other and exhibited lower species richness than other sites, consistent with colonisation of mussel bed habitat by nematodes over time. Similarity in the composition of nematode assemblages among sites separated by ~3000 km indicates that they lie within a single biogeographic province, consistent with that proposed for mussel bed macrofauna. At a generic level, samples exhibited some overlap with nematode assemblages at vents elsewhere on the East Pacific Rise, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and in the North Fiji Basin
[Letter] 1702/3 March 4, [to] Thomas Kirk, Esq., Yorkshire / G. Copley.
No full textBecause Julian and Gregorian calendars were being used in same time until 1752 in British Empire, the author, used two different years for March 4 (1702 and 1703) on the letter.Copley declares, "Your old Philosopher is gone at last to try experiments with ancestors," having died without a will and in the company of a "Girle" who could not get him help in time. "Thus departed the great Dr. Hook." An additional note indicates that there will be a great promotion of new peers, but that it probably won\u27t affect them much. An English philanthropist (who would himself die in 1709), Copley endowed the fund used since 1736 to award the Copley medal to the best work on experimental philosophy
Directed Interview: Copley
No full textInterview questions related to walks through the Copley Square area of Boston, written for the Perceptual Form of the City, a research project investigating the individual’s perception of the urban landscape
Directed Interviews Copley Version 3
No full textInterview questions related to walking through the Copley Square area of Boston, written for the Perceptual Form of the City, a research project investigating the individual’s perception of the urban landscape
Rothaeina petersoni Bennett & Copley & Copley 2023, spec. nov.
No full textRothaeina petersoni Bennett spec. nov. Figs 2, 48–49, 56–57, 64–65, 75–79, 86 Type material. U.S.A.: California: Holotype male. El Dorado County, 4 miles west of Kyburz, 9.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH). Paratypes. U.S.A.: California: El Dorado County, 3♁, Blodgett [Experimental Forest], 26.vii.2000, N. Rappaport et al. (RBCM); 1♀, Blodgett [Experimental Forest], 24.viii.2000, N. Rappaport et al. (RBCM); 16♀, 6 mi. E of Camp Connell, 10.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH); 8♀, Echo Summit, 4 mi. SW Meyers, 7382′, 9.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH); 4♀, 4 mi. W of Kyburz, 9.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH); 1♀, 3 mi. W of Riverton, 9.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH); Placer, 2♀, 6 mi. NE of Foresthill, 3480′, 27.xii.1986, D. Ubick (CAS); Nevada, 1♁ 1♀, Lowell Hill, 25.vii.2000, N. Rappaport et al. (RBCM); 1♁ 1♀, Lowell Hill, 23.viii.2000, N. Rappaport et al. (RBCM); San Mateo, 1♀, Sam McDonald Park [nr. La Honda], 18.xi.1988, D. Ubick (CAS); Sierra, 1♀, 5 mi. E of Camptonville, 3000′, 39 30′ N 120 29′ W, 16.viii.1996, D. Ubick (CAS); 1♁, 5 mi. E of Camptonville, 3050′, 39 30′ N 120 29′ W, 10.viii.2001, D. Ubick & S. Ubick (CAS); 6♀, Sierra City, 8.viii.2001, D. Ubick & S. Ubick (CAS); 16♀, Sierra City, The Cups, 6.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH); 1♀, Sierra City, Monarch Mine, 7.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH); 1♁, 6 mi. E of Sierra City, SFSU Field Station, 5500′, 12–16.viii.1996, D. Ubick (CAS); 1♁ 1♀, 10 mi. NE of Sierra City, Yuba Pass area, 4.viii.1999, J. Ledford (CAS); 1♀, 10 mi. NE of Sierra City, Yuba Pass area, 7000′, 8.viii.2001, D. Ubick (CAS); Tuolumne, 6♀, Pinecrest, 10.ix.1959, W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH); 12♀, Tamarack Flat, Yosemite National Park, 3.ix.1958 (AMNH); 12♀, Tamarack Flat, Yosemite National Park, 11.ix.1959 W.J. Gertsch & V.D. Roth (AMNH). Oregon: Douglas, 1♁, 43 44′ 59′′ N 123 13′ 53′′ W, Territorial Hwy, nr. Anlauf, 23.ix.2003, P. Paquin & D. Wytrykush (RBCM); 2♁ 2♀, 43 38′ 50′′ N 123 53′ 00′′ W, Mill Creek off Hwy 38, Elliot State Forest, 23.ix.2003, P. Paquin & D. Wytrykush (RBCM). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym honouring the late Ronald Alexander Miles Peterson, a talented Canadian artist and friend of RB. Ron died, sadly young, in British Columbia in 1989 while RB was preparing the initial draft of this species description. Diagnosis. The male of R. petersoni spec. nov. is distinguished by the combination of its short (length less than 1/2 width of patella), dorsad patellar apophysis with one or two large and one or two small peg setae at the tip (Figs 56–57, 64–65), and the simple, smoothly tapered, ventrad proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 48– 49). Differentiating the male of this species from the males of the other three species with known males (R. jamesi spec. nov., R. mackinleyi spec. nov., and R. sequoia comb. nov.) is discussed in the diagnosis of R. jamesi spec. nov. The females of R. petersoni spec. nov. and R. sequoia comb. nov. are very similar; differentiating them from the females of the other species of Rothaeina gen. nov. is discussed in the diagnosis of R. beaudini spec. nov. Differentiating them from each other is attained by the relative size of the spermathecal “rings” visible through the epigynal integument: smaller diameter in R. petersoni spec. nov. (Fig. 75) versus larger diameter in R. sequoia comb. nov. (Fig. 80). Additionally, the copulatory ducts are usually separated at the atrium in the female of R. petersoni spec. nov. (Figs 76–79) versus usually contiguous in R. sequoia comb. nov. (Figs 81–83). Finally, distribution can be helpful; the two species are largely allopatric. The main body of the population of R. petersoni spec. nov. is found in the central Sierra Nevada of eastern California (Fig. 86) while the population of R. sequoia comb. nov. is concentrated in northwestern California (Fig. 85). Description. As in diagnosis and description of the genus. Additional descriptive characters presented here. Abdomen pale gray, usually with faint pattern or pattern lacking. Male (n=12). Medial component of retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 56–57) reduced, demarked distally by single terminal basally articulated macroseta; distal component slightly extended distally. Tegular apophysis (Figs 48–49) with small but prominent proximal basal projection; distal arm of tegular apophysis long, narrow, length about 2.5 times width. Measurements (n=2). CL 2.05, 2.6; CW 1.60, 1.93; SL 1.12, 1.26; SW 1.11, 1.25. Holotype second (larger) specimen. Female (n=93). Epigyne (Fig. 75) with small, transverse, slightly bowed, medially located atrium. Vulva (Figs 76–79) broad, width usually at least four times atrial height (measured as height of epigyne from epigastric groove to atrium); copulatory ducts usually separated, rarely contiguous, or nearly so (Fig. 78), at atrium; spermathecal ducts convoluted; spermathecal heads dorsal, short distance anterolaterally from atrium; Bennett’s glands about midway on spermathecal ducts, usually readily observable in cleared dorsal view. Measurements (n=26). CL 1.95–2.50 (2.24+0.17), CW 1.30–1.95 (1.67+0.17), SL 1.08–1.33 (1.19+0.08), SW 0.99–1.26 (1.12+0.08). Distribution and natural history (Fig. 86). There may be several disjunct populations of R. petersoni spec. nov. The main population is in the central Sierra Nevada of eastern California, U.S.A., from the Sierra City, Sierra County area south to Yosemite National Park in Tuolumne County and within that area the species is relatively common. Small apparent outlier populations are known from the San Mateo County area in central west coastal California, U.S.A., and the Douglas County area in central west coastal Oregon, U.S.A. The San Mateo County record is from a single female and possibly is a misidentification. The Douglas County records, however, include three males examined by the first author and appear to be valid. Males have been collected from late July through late September.Published as part of Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia & Copley, Darren, 2023, Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae), pp. 97-129 in Zootaxa 5318 (1) on pages 121-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/815835
Marketing Communications Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation [2nd ed.]
No full textThis book introduces the core components and concepts of marketing communications for those studying at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It covers essential topics such as advertising, direct marketing, corporate communications, public relations, product placement, sales promotion, social media, sponsorship and many more. The author provides a set of managerial frameworks that include analysis, planning and implementation to help prepare those who go on to strategically create and effectively manage marketing communications campaigns.
Every chapter includes Snapshots that help you to apply theory to engaging real-world examples. These include: BMW, Harrods, Levi’s, Lynx, Tesco, Tencent, United Colors of Benetton and Wonga. Additionally, Stop Points encourage you to pause and critically reflect upon the topic for deeper learning and higher grades. The Assignment boxes invite you to test your knowledge in the form of a task based on what you have just read to also help push yourself further
Ecology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN020137 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
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