10 research outputs found
The Level of Utilization of E-Learning Tools among Tertiary Institutions Students in Ondo State: A Case Study of Adeyemi College of Education Ondo
No full textThe study examined the level of utilization of e-learning tools among the undergraduate students of Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo. The total numer of 148 students were drawn from four schools offering degree courses in the College; namely, school of science, languages, Art and Social Sciences and Vocational and Technical Education. The researcher used assessment of e-learning tools question (AElTQ) for the study which was validated by group of experts in the Educational Technology and Computer Departments of the College. Two research hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analysed using t-test. The result of the study show that (i) there is no significance difference between male and female undergraduate students of Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo in the level of utilization of e-learning tools. The t-calculated (0.20) was lesser that t-critical (1.96). (ii) The finding of the study also shown that there was a significant difference between science and non-science undergraduate students of Adeyemi College of Education in the level of e-learning tools utilization. The t-calculated (1.39) was greater than t-critical (0.60). The study also recommended that government should provide enabling environments in all the tertiary institutions in the country to ensure effective utilization of e-learning tools. The study also recommended that government should subsidize the prices of computer and other electronic gadgets/equipment to make them affordable to all students in tertiary institutions in the country
Controlling for Observed and Unobserved Site Characteristics in Rum Models of Recreation Demand
No full text�Random Utility Maximization (RUM) models of recreation demand are typically plagued by limited information on environmental and other attributes characterizing the available sites in the choice set. To the extent that these unobserved site attributes are correlated with the observed characteristics and/or the key travel cost variable, the resulting parameter estimates and subsequent welfare calculations are likely to be biased. In this paper we develop a Bayesian approach to estimating a RUM model that incorporates a full set of alternative specific constants, insulating the key travel cost parameter from the influence of the unobserved site attributes. In contrast to estimation procedures recently outlined in Murdock (2006), the posterior simulator we propose (combining data augmentation and Gibbs sampling techniques) can be used in the more general mixed logit framework in which some parameters of the conditional utility function are random. Following a series of generated data experiments to illustrate the performance of the simulator, we apply the estimation procedures to data from the Iowa Lakes Project. In contrast to an earlier study using the same data (Egan \textit{et al.} \cite{eganetal}), we find that, with the addition of a full set of alternative specific constants, water quality attributes no longer appear to influence the choice of where to recreate.nonmarket valuation; water quality; discrete choice
Indexing pensions
No full textPension indexation should anchor the parameters of the pension system to one or more economic and demographic variables to ensure that the system is implemented in a sustainable way, while minimizing distortions affecting important economic choices. Arguing that financial sustainability, incentive compatibility and consistency across multiple government programs are critical, the author examine the many linkages between the various parameters of pension schemes. Finally, the author turn to the cost of the insurance dimension of indexation, and suggest that option pricing techniques could be used to price indexation guarantees, and that this approach may suggest refinements to indexation practice not thus far implemented.Emerging Markets,Debt Markets,Pensions&Retirement Systems,Economic Theory&Research,Markets and Market Access
Rethinking survivor benefits
No full textThis paper provides a framework for analyzing the efficiency and equity of survivor benefit programs. These programs were originally designed to support families when the main wage-earner died, in an era where women rarely worked, fertility rates were high, and widows were unable to support themselves and their children. Yet, voluntary saving and insurance were often insufficient due to myopia. Mandatory survivor benefits helped to achieve lifetime consumption smoothing for the family and to prevent poverty among elderly widows the group where old age poverty is concentrated. The question is these programs still needed in an era when most women work and fertility rates have fallen and, if so, how should they be designed? The author argues that, even in a world of perfect gender equality, mandatory family co-insurance may still be justified because couples are unlikely to plan adequately for household economies of scale. This leads the cost of living of a widow(er) to be much more than half that of a couple. In addition, some disparity in work and wage patterns of men and women remains in every country. While such programs may benefit both spouses, women are the greatest recipients because they outlive their husbands. However, as currently designed, many survivor benefit programs entail work disincentives and perverse redistributions from women who work in the market to those who do not, from singles and dual career couples to single-earner couples and sometimes from low- to high-earning families. These cross-subsidies penalize women who work in the market and therefore may discourage such work, decrease their income and increase their old-age poverty rates. The insurance goal can be achieved without these negative incentives and redistributions by internalizing the cost within the family rather than passing it on to the common pool and by allowing widow(ers) to keep their own pensions in addition to the survivor benefits.Gender and Law,Economic Theory&Research,Access to Finance,Population Policies,Debt Markets
Bringing financial literacy and education to low and middle income countries : the need to review, adjust, and extend current wisdom
No full textThis paper presents a World Bank led and Russia trust fund financed work program to measure financial capability and the effectiveness of financial education in low and middle income countries. The two activities and their staging have been motivated by the lessons of high income countries with financial literacy programs and the deviating characteristics of low and middle income countries. While progress has been made in high-income countries to measure financial capability, there is little robust empirical evidence thatfinancial education can improve it. While applying the financial capability concept in low and middle-income countries looks promising it will need to be adjusted to their characteristic and supported by innovative interventions and rigorous impact evaluation to improve it.Financial Literacy,Access to Finance,Access&Equity in Basic Education,Education For All,Poverty Impact Evaluation
Disability and international cooperation and development : a review of policies and practices
No full textThe purpose of this review is to canvas policies and, to the extent possible, practices of major multilateral and bilateral development agencies, aimed at including disability in development. Development that includes disability, as referenced in this review, is understood as development in which persons with disabilities participate as both actors and beneficiaries. It can be achieved by disability specific initiatives, by adding disability-specific components to development programs, by fully inclusive programming, designed to include disability concerns into all development processes, or by a combination of these approaches. While this review does not claim to be exhaustive, it does attempt to provide as comprehensive as possible an overview of policies and practices on disability and development (D&D), both within and among the United Nations (UN) system, and among major bilateral development agencies. It should be noted that this is a dynamic issue and thus many development agencies are either in the process of crafting new disability policies or strategies or are currently reviewing their existing approaches with a view to modifying or amending them. Section two of this report reviews the international legal and policy framework pertinent to the consideration of D&D with particular attention to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Section three reviews multilateral agencies and structures, particularly those within the UN system, and reviews their existing policies and/or practices related to D&D. Section four includes coverage of regional structures supporting the inclusion of disability indevelopment. Section five identifies bilateral development agencies that, either as matter of written policy or as evidenced through practice, have taken steps to design and implement programs and practices that are inclusive of disability. Section six provides conclusions.Population Policies,Disability,Social Cohesion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Law
The Korean case study : past experience and new trends in training policies
No full textKorea's skills development strategy has been highlighted as one of the key driving forces of the country's economic development. This paper examines the main features and evolution of this strategy from the 1960s to the present. In particular, it discusses how the skills development policies have contributed to economic development and poverty reduction. The findings in the paper highlight a set of important lessons for the design and implementation of skills development policies, which could be useful for other developing countries.Education For All,Primary Education,Access&Equity in Basic Education,Population Policies,Labor Markets
Labor market policy research for developing countries : recent examples from the literature - what do we know and what should we know?
No full textThis paper documents recent advances of research on labor market institutions, behavior, and policies in developing countries and makes suggestions for future research. The four areas of research analyzed are: i) theoretical and empirical implications of employment protection legislation on labor outcomes; ii) the issue of shifting from job to worker protection, namely, the different alternatives to severance pay: unemployment insurance and unemployment insurance savings accounts and their application to developing countries; iii) the effect of active labor market programs, particularly of training, on labor market outcomes; and iv) the causes and consequences of informality in the labor market, with special emphasis on the efforts to model the informal sector. The focus of the four sections is on theoretical and empirical work on published in the last five to seven years, and each one concludes with new directions for future research.Labor Markets,Labor Policies,Labor Standards,Population Policies,Political Economy
Método automático para la predicción del avalúo comercial de un inmueble en la ciudad de Bogotá
No full textTrabajo de Investigación TecnológicaEn este proyecto se realizó el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de un método automático mediante técnicas de machine Learning con el cual se puede predecir el valor de inmuebles de vivienda en la ciudad Bogotá a través de la extracción de datos de publicaciones de venta de inmuebles en páginas web. Con la herramienta de web Scraping “Dexi”, se extrajo la información de la página web de Finca Raíz. Luego, se realizó un proceso de limpieza de datos con la ayuda de Python y Excel. Después, se implementaron las técnicas de: Árboles de decisión, regresión lineal, Random Forest y redes neuronales profundas. Por último, se calcularon las medidas de desempeño de Coeficiente de determinación (R2), Error cuadrático medio (RMSE) y Coeficiente de Variación (CV) respecto a la varianza, para así seleccionar el mejor método.PregradoIngeniero de Sistemas1. INTRODUCCIÓN
2. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA
3. PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN
4. OBJETIVOS
5. MARCO REFERENCIAL
6. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES
7. METODOLOGÍA
8. CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL DATASET
9. DISEÑO DEL MÉTODO AUTOMÁTICO
10. DESARROLLO DEL MÉTODO AUTOMÁTICO
11. EVALUACIÓN DEL MÉTODO AUTOMÁTICO
12. RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 13. CONCLUSIONE
