7 research outputs found
On the biology of Penepodium goryanum (Lepeletier) in wooden trap-nests (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)
No full textVolume: 95Start Page: 547End Page: 55
Construct validity of acute morbidity as a novel outcome for emergency patients
No full textObjectivesValidation of acute morbidity as a novel outcome in emergency medicine.MethodsConstruct validity of acute morbidity was established by comparison to other outcomes using linear and logistic regression models.ResultsData of 4608 patients were analysed. 1869 patients (40.6%) fulfilled the criteria for acute morbidity. Using multivariate analyses, acute morbidity was associated with outcomes such as hospitalisation (OR: 11, 95%-CI 9–13), mortality (OR 15, 95%-CI 6–49), and ICU admission (OR: 46, 95%-CI 25–96). Reliability of the construct “acute morbidity” was estimated using Cohens Kappa, which was 0.96 for intra-rater and 0.94 for inter-rater reliability.ConclusionReliability of the framework for acute morbidity was high. Construct validity was shown by associations with hospitalisation, mortality, and ICU admission.</div
sj-docx-1-pec-10.1177_03010066211042186 - Supplemental material for What is the Link Between Mental Imagery and Sensory Sensitivity? Insights from Aphantasia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-pec-10.1177_03010066211042186 for What is the Link Between Mental Imagery and Sensory Sensitivity? Insights from Aphantasia by C. J. Dance, J. Ward and J. Simner in Perception</p
Example video of a trial from Audio–visual crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>)
No full textCrossmodal correspondences are intuitively held relationships between non-redundant features of a stimulus, such as auditory pitch and visual illumination. While a number of correspondences have been identified in humans to date (e.g. high pitch is intuitively felt to be luminant, angular and elevated in space), their evolutionary and developmental origins remain unclear. Here, we investigated the existence of audio–visual crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs, and specifically, the known human correspondence in which high auditory pitch is associated with elevated spatial position. In an audio–visual attention task, we found that dogs engaged more with audio–visual stimuli that were congruent with human intuitions (high auditory pitch paired with a spatially elevated visual stimulus) compared to incongruent (low pitch paired with elevated visual stimulus). This result suggests that crossmodal correspondences are not a uniquely human or primate phenomenon and they cannot easily be dismissed as merely lexical conventions (i.e. matching ‘high’ pitch with ‘high’ elevation)
High-pitch sounds small for domestic dogs: abstract crossmodal correspondences between auditory pitch and visual size
No full textHumans possess intuitive associations linking certain non-redundant features of stimuli—e.g. high-pitched sounds with small object size (or similarly, low-pitched sounds with large object size). This phenomenon, known as crossmodal correspondence, has been identified in humans across multiple different senses. There is some evidence that non-human animals also form crossmodal correspondences, but the known examples are mostly limited to the associations between the pitch of vocalizations and the size of callers. To investigate whether domestic dogs, like humans, show abstract pitch-size association, we first trained dogs to approach and touch an object after hearing a sound emanating from it. Subsequently, we repeated the task but presented dogs with two objects differing in size, only one of which was playing a sound. The sound was either high or low pitched, thereby creating trials that were either congruent (high pitch from small object; low pitch from large objects) or incongruent (the reverse). We found that dogs reacted faster on congruent versus incongruent trials. Moreover, their accuracy was at chance on incongruent trials, but significantly above chance for congruent trials. Our results suggest that non-human animals show abstract pitch sound correspondences, indicating these correspondences may not be uniquely human but rather a sensory processing feature shared by other species.</p
High-pitch sounds small for domestic dogs: abstract crossmodal correspondences between auditory pitch and visual size
No full textHumans possess intuitive associations linking certain non-redundant features of stimuli—e.g. high-pitched sounds with small object size (or similarly, low-pitched sounds with large object size). This phenomenon, known as crossmodal correspondence, has been identified in humans across multiple different senses. There is some evidence that non-human animals also form crossmodal correspondences, but the known examples are mostly limited to the associations between the pitch of vocalizations and the size of callers. To investigate whether domestic dogs, like humans, show abstract pitch-size association, we first trained dogs to approach and touch an object after hearing a sound emanating from it. Subsequently, we repeated the task but presented dogs with two objects differing in size, only one of which was playing a sound. The sound was either high or low pitched, thereby creating trials that were either congruent (high pitch from small object; low pitch from large objects) or incongruent (the reverse). We found that dogs reacted faster on congruent versus incongruent trials. Moreover, their accuracy was at chance on incongruent trials, but significantly above chance for congruent trials. Our results suggest that non-human animals show abstract pitch sound correspondences, indicating these correspondences may not be uniquely human but rather a sensory processing feature shared by other species.</p
Model design and results; Exclusion criteria; Materials and experimental set up from Audio–visual crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>)
No full textCrossmodal correspondences are intuitively held relationships between non-redundant features of a stimulus, such as auditory pitch and visual illumination. While a number of correspondences have been identified in humans to date (e.g. high pitch is intuitively felt to be luminant, angular and elevated in space), their evolutionary and developmental origins remain unclear. Here, we investigated the existence of audio–visual crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs, and specifically, the known human correspondence in which high auditory pitch is associated with elevated spatial position. In an audio–visual attention task, we found that dogs engaged more with audio–visual stimuli that were congruent with human intuitions (high auditory pitch paired with a spatially elevated visual stimulus) compared to incongruent (low pitch paired with elevated visual stimulus). This result suggests that crossmodal correspondences are not a uniquely human or primate phenomenon and they cannot easily be dismissed as merely lexical conventions (i.e. matching ‘high’ pitch with ‘high’ elevation)
