388 research outputs found
Integrated modelling: Construction, selection, uncertainty
No full textAnthony J. Jakeman, John P. Norton, Rebecca A. Letcher and Holger Maie
The efficacy of a discontinuous graded exercise test in measuring peak oxygen uptake in children aged 8 to 10 years
No full textAs children’s natural activity patterns are highly intermittent in nature, and characterised by
rapid changes from rest to vigorous physical activity, discontinuous exercise tests may be considered ecologically
valid for this population group. This study compared the peak physiological responses from a discontinuous
and continuous graded exercise test (GXT_D, GXT_C, respectively) during treadmill exercise in children. Twentyone
healthy children (9.6 ± 0.6 y) completed GXT_D and GXT_C in a randomised order, separated by 72-hours.
Following each GXT, and after a 15-minute recovery, participants completed a verification test at 105% of the
velocity attained at peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). There were no differences in VO2peak (55.3 ± 8.2
cf. 54.4 ± 7.6 mL·kg-1·min-1) or maximal heart rate (202 ± 10 cf. 204 ± 8 b·min-1) between GXT_C and GXT_D,
respectively (P>.05). Peak running speed (10.7 ± 0.9 cf. 12.1 ± 1.3 km·h-1) and respiratory exchange ratio
(1.04 ± 0.05 cf. 0.92 ± 0.05) were however different between tests (P<.001). Although similar peak physiological
values were revealed between GXT_C and the corresponding verification test (P>.05), VO2peak (53.3 ± 7.3
mL·kg-1·min-1) and heart rate (197 ± 13 b·min-1) were significantly lower in the GXT_D verification test (P<.05).
In conclusion, a discontinuous GXT is an accurate measure of VO2peak in children aged 8 to 10 years and may
be a valid alternative to a continuous GXT, despite its longer duration
Modeling water quality in watersheds: From here to the next generation
No full textIn this synthesis, we assess present research and anticipate future development needs in modeling water quality in watersheds. We first discuss areas of potential improvement in the representation of freshwater systems pertaining to water quality, including representation of environmental interfaces, in‐stream water quality and process interactions, soil health and land management, and (peri‐)urban areas. In addition, we provide insights into the contemporary challenges in the practices of watershed water quality modeling, including quality control of monitoring data, model parameterization and calibration, uncertainty management, scale mismatches and provisioning of modeling tools. Finally, we make three recommendations to provide a path forward for improving watershed water quality modeling science, infrastructure and practices. These include building stronger collaborations between experimentalists and modelers, bridging gaps between modelers and stakeholders, and cultivating and applying procedural knowledge to better govern and support water quality modeling processes within organizations
The Social-Environmental Justice of Groundwater Management
No full textPatrick MJ, Greco F, Hepworth N, Connell D & Conrad J. (In Press in 2014) The Social-Environmental Justice of Groundwater Management. In: Jakeman T, Barreteau O, Hunt R, Rinaudo J-D, & Ross A. (Eds) Integrated Groundwater Management. Springer
Integrated Water Quality Modelling : Ben Chifley Dam Catchment, Australia
No full textThis paper describes an integrated hydrologic, stream sediment and nutrient export modelling system. The modelling system is designed to simulate catchment-scale land and water management activities in the Ben Chifley Dam Catchment (BCDC). The dam has experienced problematic blue-green algal blooms over the past decade. The aim of the modelling is to examine management scenarios designed to reduce nutrient and sediment delivery from the BCDC. This paper describes the framework of the system along with brief description of each of the various components. The innovation of the modelling system is the integration of otherwise separate modelling approaches. The output of the project will be methods to focus both on-ground ameliorative action at specific sites and encourage sustainable management practices more broadly in the catchment
Effect of an acute dose of omega-3 fish oil following exercise-induced muscle damage
No full textPurposeThe purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to examine the effect of two fish oil supplements, one high in EPA (750 mg EPA, 50 mg DHA) and one low in EPA (150 mg EPA, 100 mg DHA), taken acutely as a recovery strategy following EIMD.MethodsTwenty-seven physically active males (26 ± 4 year, 1.77 ± 0.07 m, 80 ± 10 kg) completed 100 plyometric drop jumps to induce muscle damage. Perceptual (perceived soreness) and functional (isokinetic muscle strength at 60° and 180° s−1, squat jump performance and countermovement jump performance) indices of EIMD were recorded before, and 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96h after the damaging protocol. Immediately after the damaging protocol, volunteers ingested either a placebo (Con), a low-EPA fish oil (Low EPA) or a high-EPA fish oil (High EPA) at a dose of 1 g per 10 kg body mass.ResultsA significant group main effect was observed for squat jump, with the High EPA group performing better than Con and Low EPA groups (average performance decrement, 2.1, 8.3 and 9.8%, respectively), and similar findings were observed for countermovement jump performance, (average performance decrement, 1.7, 6.8 and 6.8%, respectively, p = 0.07). Significant time, but no interaction main effects were observed for all functional and perceptual indices measured, although large effect sizes demonstrate a possible ameliorating effect of high dose of EPA fish supplementation (effect sizes ≥0.14).ConclusionThis study indicates that an acute dose of high-EPA fish oil may ameliorate the functional changes following EIMD
The effect of farm dams and constructed banks on hydrologic connectivity and runoff estimation in agricultural landscapes
No full textSystem coupling and landscape connectivity control the flow of water and sediment through landscapes. Although coupling is well known to control long-term landscape development and shorter-term sensitivity to disturbance, the anthropogenic influences on coupling are seldom considered in hydrologic investigations. In particular, the building of small-scale water diversion (earth banks) and collection (farm dams) infrastructure on hillslopes in dryland agricultural areas may significantly alter hillslope–channel coupling. Twelve sub-catchment basins in a dryland agricultural region were investigated under their natural (ignoring infrastructure) and modified (including infrastructure) conditions to investigate the influence of water collection infrastructure on hydrologic connectivity, and whether manual modification of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) could account for the impact of these factors in hydrologic simulation of hydrologic and geomorphic processes. Dam numbers and density have both increased over the period of available aerial photography (1965–1999), resulting in an average 39.5% reduction (range 4.3–86.7%) in the area retaining hydrologic connectivity with the basin outlet. Analysis of basins dominated by either banks or dams, and with combinations of both was performed using the Cumulative Area Distribution (CAD), Hypsometric Curve(HC), Simplified Width Function (SWF) and Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH). The geomorphic descriptors (CAD and HC) showed little change in basin structure as a result of farm dam and bank construction, but hydrologic descriptors (SWF and IUH) indicate that hillslope processes are significantly altered by farm dams and banks. Because runoff models are sensitive to catchment area, incorporating hillslope water capture and diversion infrastructure into the base data sets may offer a solution to improved parameterisation of spatial models of hydrology, particularly in dryland agricultural regions
Methods for Exploring Uncertainty in Groundwater Management Predictions
No full textModels of groundwater systems help to integrate knowledge about the natural and human system covering different spatial and temporal scales, often from multiple disciplines, in order to address a range of issues of concern to various stakeholders. A model is simply a tool to express what we think we know. Uncertainty, due to lack of knowledge or natural variability, means that there are always alternative models that may need to be considered. This chapter provides an overview of uncertainty in models and in the definition of a problem to model, highlights approaches to communicating and using predictions of uncertain outcomes and summarises commonly used methods to explore uncertainty in groundwater management predictions. It is intended to raise awareness of how alternative models and hence uncertainty can be explored in order to facilitate the integration of these techniques with groundwater management.Peer reviewe
WSFA audiovisual item D186.0001
No full text"The Long Blue Line," film about the Alabama State Troopers, produced by Public Safety Pictures in Dallas, Texas, and presented by the Alabama Department of Public Safety. Bobby Goldsboro narrates; Ferlin and Marvis Husky perform the title ballad; and Governor George Wallace, Bear Bryant, and Shug Jordan make guest appearances. The following officers and department staff members appear in the film: Lieutenant T. L. Coleman; Trooper D. J. Conrad; Trooper W. L. Fletcher; Police Communications Officer C. O. Gilliland; Trooper D. C. Kimbro; Trooper E. S. Maggard; Eva Moore; Trooper Jerry Ogletree; Mickey Peacock; Hugh Rawlinson; Linda Shirah; Captain Charles Smith; Sara Stinson; Sergeant R. D. Bell; Lieutenant B. J. Bingham; Captain Floyd Bunn; Trooper M. B. Duncan; Corporal J. L. Fowler; Major J. L. Fuqua; Trooper H. B. Hartzog; Trooper Jerry Hatfield; Trooper J. C. Holley; Reserve Trooper K. R. Jakeman; Captain Don C. Kimbro; Minnette B. Kimbro; Corporal F. R. Patterson; Sergeant J. T. Smelley; and Chaplain Jim Williams
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