5,817 research outputs found
A catalogue of the best books in every department of literature; with complete author, subject, and title index.
No full textAlso issued for distribution by other firms with corresponding substitution of imprint and copyright but with omission of plates, preface, and p. 337-341, " a partial list of books published by the Burrows brothers company."Mode of access: Internet
Predicting the effects of marine climate change on the invertebrate prey of the birds of rocky shores
No full textBy the end of the 21st century models of climate change predict that the air temperature over most of the British Isles will increase by between 2 and 3 °C and sea-level will rise by 40–50 cm. Over that period it will become windier and mean wave height will increase, as will the frequency of storms. These changes in climate and weather will impact the intertidal zone of the UK and will cause distribution changes in many of the common invertebrate species that live there. Where these changes are severe they may well impact on patterns of distribution of ducks and wading birds. In the British Isles a number of organisms live close to their geographical limits of distribution. Some of these species might be expected to extend their range as climatic restraints are relaxed. Species currently limited by cool summers or winter cold will move northwards. In most cases the effects on the distribution of waterbirds will be small. For example, the replacement of the Northern Limpet Patella vulgata by the Southern Limpet P. depressa is unlikely to adversely affect Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus. Of wider concern is the possibility that as climate warms the abundance and productivity of brown algae will decrease. This is likely to have two significant effects for waders. First, it would represent a loss of potentially rich feeding grounds for species such as Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres that feed on small easily desiccated invertebrates living on or below the seaweed. Secondly, as algae die or are broken away the resulting debris is exported to sediment habitats where it considerably boosts the in situ production of bacteria at the base of the food web. An increase in sea-level will only have a major impact on the extent of rocky shore invertebrate communities where shore topography prevents the upward migration of the biota. Where a seawall limits shores, for example, biological production will be curtailed as the area available for colonization decreases. Increases in the size of waves and the frequency of storms will mimic increasing exposure and there will be a significant reduction in algal production in areas that are affected
Lost In Translation? A Report Into Action Research On The Effects Of Interpretation On Learning And Teaching
No full textThis paper follows from Zeng and Burrows (2013), in which the issue of the effects of interpretation on learning and teaching was introduced. Action research was completed in China in 2013 and this paper reports some of the analysis and results of that research. A number of issues were identified and these are of interest to all practitioners, as they are pertinent to both general and specific teaching practice. The learning process is, in the main, a dialogue between teachers and learners. However, there are many occasions for triangulation, for example, language interpretation, signing and use of amanuenses. This small-scale action research project has highlighted some of the issues inherent in teaching and learning through interpretation, but the points raised by the research can inform practice in all situations
Climate trajectories from climate velocity: classes and pathways
No full text<p>Google Earth layers for figures in:</p>
<p>Burrows, M. T., D. S. Schoeman, A. J. Richardson, J. García Molinos, A. Hoffmann, L. B. Buckley, P. Moore, C. Brown, J. F. Bruno, C. M. Duarte, B. S. Halpern, O. Hoegh Guldberg, C. V. Kappel, W. Kiessling, M. I. O’Connor, J. M. Pandolfi, C. Parmesan, W. J. Sydeman, S. Ferrier, K. J. Williams, and E. S. Poloczanska. 2014. Geographical limits to species-range shifts are suggested by climate velocity. Nature 2014, in press</p
Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Malformations Consensus Document of the International Union of Phlebology (IUP): updated 2013
No full textVenous malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular developmental anomalies (birth defects) . These defects are caused by developmental arrest of the venous system during various stages of embryogenesis. VMs remain a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the wide range of clinical presentations, unpredictable clinical course, erratic response to the treatment with high recurrence/persistence rates, high morbidity following non-specific conventional treatment, and confusing terminology. The Consensus Panel reviewed the recent scientific literature up to the year 2013 to update a previous IUP Consensus (2009) on the same subject. ISSVA Classification with special merits for the differentiation between the congenital vascular malformation (CVM) and vascular tumors was reinforced with an additional review on syndrome-based classification. A "modified" Hamburg classification was adopted to emphasize the importance of extratruncular vs. truncular sub-types of VMs. This incorporated the embryological origin, morphological differences, unique characteristics, prognosis and recurrence rates of VMs based on this embryological classification. The definition and classification of VMs were strengthened with the addition of angiographic data that determines the hemodynamic characteristics, the anatomical pattern of draining veins and hence the risk of complication following sclerotherapy. The hemolymphatic malformations, a combined condition incorporating LMs and other CVMs, were illustrated as a separate topic to differentiate from isolated VMs and to rectify the existing confusion with name-based eponyms such as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Contemporary concepts on VMs were updated with new data including genetic findings linked to the etiology of CVMs and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. Besides, newly established information on coagulopathy including the role of D-Dimer was thoroughly reviewed to provide guidelines on investigations and anticoagulation therapy in the management of VMs. Congenital vascular bone syndrome resulting in angio-osteo-hyper/hypotrophy and (lateral) marginal vein was separately reviewed. Background data on arterio-venous malformations was included to differentiate this anomaly from syndrome-based VMs. For the treatment, a new section on laser therapy and also a practical guideline for follow up assessment were added to strengthen the management principle of the multidisciplinary approach. All other therapeutic modalities were thoroughly updated to accommodate a changing concept through the years
Relatedness of individuals within burrows.
No full text<p>Mean (±1SE) relatedness coefficient, R [43], for 22 burrows containing two or more individual <i>P. vlangalii</i>. The dashed line indicates the overall mean burrow relatedness while the solid line is the population mean relatedness.</p
Consequences of climate-driven biodiversity changes for ecosystem functioning of North European rocky shores
No full textWe review how intertidal biodiversity is responding to globally driven climate change,
focusing on long-term data from rocky shores in the British Isles. Physical evidence of warming
around the British Isles is presented and, whilst there has been considerable fluctuation, sea surface
temperatures are at the highest levels recorded, surpassing previous warm periods (i.e. late 1950s).
Examples are given of species that have been advancing or retreating polewards over the last 50 to
100 yr. On rocky shores, the extent of poleward movement is idiosyncratic and dependent upon life
history characteristics, dispersal capabilities and habitat requirements. More southern, warm water
species have been recorded advancing than northern, cold water species retreating. Models have
been developed to predict likely assemblage composition based on future environmental scenarios.
We present qualitative and quantitative forecasts to explore the functional consequences of changes
in the identity, abundance and species richness of gastropod grazers and foundation species such as
barnacles and canopy-forming algae. We forecast that the balance of primary producers and secondary
consumers is likely to change along wave exposure gradients matching changes occurring
with latitude, thereby shifting the balance between export and import of primary production.
Increases in grazer and sessile invertebrate diversity are likely to be accompanied by decreasing
primary production by large canopy-forming fucoids. The reasons for such changes are discussed in
the context of emerging theory on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
KEY WORDS: Climate change · Intertidal · Range shifts · Biodiversity · Ecosystem functioning ·
Northeast Atlanti
A visual demonstration of supramolecular chemistry: observable fluorescence enhancement upon host-guest inclusion
No full textPT: J; CR: BOZZELLI JW, 1982, J CHEM EDUC, V59, P787 BRESLOW R, 1998, J CHEM EDUC, V75, P705 BUCCIGROSS JM, 1996, J CHEM EDUC, V73, P275 BURROWS HD, 1983, J CHEM EDUC, V60, P228 CATENA GC, 1989, ANAL CHEM, V61, P905 CONN MM, 1997, CHEM REV, V97, P1647 CONRADI S, 1997, J CHEM EDUC, V74, P1122 CRAM DJ, 1992, NATURE, V356, P29 CRAMER F, 1967, J AM CHEM SOC, V89, P14 DIEDERICH F, 1990, J CHEM EDUC, V67, P813 EBBESEN TW, 1989, J PHYS CHEM-US, V93, P7139 FEMIA RA, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P155 FYFE MCT, 1997, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V30, P393 HAMILTON AD, 1990, J CHEM EDUC, V67, P821 KONDO J, 1976, J BIOCH, V79, P393 LACKOWICZ JR, 1983, PRINCIPLES FLUORESCE, CH7 LEHN JM, 1988, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V27, P89 LERNER DA, 1989, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V227, P297 LI S, 1992, CHEM REV, V92, P1457 WAGNER BD, 1998, J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A, V114, P151 ZARZYCKI PK, 1996, J CHEM EDUC, V73, P459 ZIESSEL RF, 1997, J CHEM EDUC, V74, P673; NR: 22; TC: 6; J9: J CHEM EDUC; PG: 4; GA: 274KQSource type: Electronic(1
Earthworm burrows affect vertical distribution of springtails in soil
No full textExtreme climatic events, such as prolonged dry spells, are causing more intense soil droughts, which can be a major threat to soil life. Soil animals in general are rather sensitive to strong fluctuations in soil moisture content but may be able to escape from drought by moving deeper into the soil. Bioturbation, for example by burrowing activity of earthworms, may facilitate such vertical movement and hence moderate the consequences of drought for soil animals. Here, we investigated if earthworm burrows enable soil-dwelling Collembola to move deeper into the soil and escape drought conditions. We also tested if drought affects bioturbation activity of earthworms, and measured evaporation from soil under drought conditions. Using transparent 2D-terraria, we analyzed the effect of four burrow treatments (i.e. burrows from an anecic earthworm species, burrows from an endogeic earthworm species, artificially made burrows, no burrows), each subjected to either drought or normal soil moisture conditions. We added 40 euedaphic springtails (Folsomia candida) per terrarium. After two weeks, we recorded survival of the springtails and their vertical localization in the soil. We used computer vision to estimate the cover and average depth of bioturbated area from photographs of the 2D-terraria. We found that the presence of Aporrectodea caliginosa (endogeic) increased the survival of springtails. Under normal moisture conditions, springtails were found deeper in the soil in the presence of A. longa (anecic). Aporrectodea longa strongly increased evaporation under normal soil moisture conditions. Our experiment showed that earthworms may moderate the impact of drought on euedaphic springtails, which opens up the hypothesis that other soil fauna may benefit as well from earthworm burrowing activity.</p
Cladoceras rovumense I. Darbysh., J. E. Burrows & Q. Luke 2022, sp. nov.
No full textCladoceras rovumense I.Darbysh., J.E.Burrows & Q.Luke sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77302733-1 Figs 1–3 Tarenna sp. 53 sensu Degreef, Opera Botanica Belgica 14: 143 (Degreef 2006); Timberlake et al., Plant Ecology and Evolution 144: 131 (Timberlake et al. 2011); Burrows et al., Trees and Shrubs Mozambique (Burrows et al. 2018); Darbyshire et al., Plant Ecology and Evolution 153: 441 (Darbyshire et al. 2020). Diagnosis Cladoceras rovumense sp. nov. resembles C. subcapitatum in floral and fruit morphology, but differs most markedly in (a) being a free-standing tree or shrub, lacking modified spinose lateral branches (vs a scandent shrub with some lateral branches modified to form ± recurved spines to aid climbing in C. subcapitatum); (b) the leaves being obovate or obovate-elliptic, larger, up to 17.5 × 10.5 cm, with surfaces pubescent particularly on the veins beneath and midrib above, becoming scabridulous at maturity (vs leaves elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, smaller, up to 12 × 4.8 cm, glabrous); (c) the inflorescences being borne on leafless lateral branches (vs inflorescence-bearing branches with one or more pairs of leaves at least in flower, sometimes caducous at fruiting); (d) the inflorescence being dense, capitate and with 20+ flowers (vs less dense and usually with clear branching, 9–15-flowered); (e) the calyx lobes being rounded to broadly and convexly triangular, with an irregular, sometimes toothed margin (vs calyx lobes acute-triangular to -lanceolate); and (f) the style and stigma together measuring 17–19 mm long (vs 8–10 mm long in C. subcapitatum); see Table 1. Etymology The epithet denotes that this species is endemic to the proposed Rovuma CoE in coastal southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Type MOZAMBIQUE • Cabo Delgado Prov., Quiterajo, Pt. 463; 11.7676° S, 40.3743° E; alt. 115 m; 24 Nov. 2009; Q. Luke 13883; holotype: K [K000787442]; isotypes: EA, LMA, MO, P. Paratypes MOZAMBIQUE • Cabo Delgado Prov., Mueda Plateau; 11°20ʹ S, 39°26ʹ E; alt. 760 m; 14 Dec. 2003; [W.R.] Q. Luke, O. Kibure & E. Nacamo 10116; EA, K, LMA, MO, UPS • Cabo Delgado Prov., Namacubi Forest (the Banana), west of Quiterajo; 11°45ʹ55ʺ S, 40°23ʹ45ʺ E; alt. 90 m; 25 Nov. 2008; J.E. & S.M. Burrows 10748; BNRH, K, LMA. TANZANIA • Lindi Region, Rondo Plateau, Rondo Forest Reserve; 10°07ʹ S, 39°13ʹ E; alt. 750 m; 6 Feb. 1991; S. Bidgood, R. Abdallah & K. Vollesen 1357; K (2 sheets), NHT. Description Small, slender deciduous tree or shrub 1.5–7 m tall; young stems ± quadrangular, with papery maroonbrown bark that readily exfoliates in strips or patches, at first puberulous with ± patent hairs to 0.35 mm long but soon glabrescent. Stipules soon caducous, triangular, 3.7–7.5 mm long, with a thickened blackish-brown central portion and with paler, somewhat hyaline margins but these often infolded in dry material, glabrous externally, with long pale hairs internally. Leaves clustered towards ends of main and widely divergent lateral branches, ± immature at flowering, subsessile or on puberulent petiole to 7 mm long; blade of mature leaves obovate or obovate-elliptic, 9–17.5 × 5.8–10.5 cm (l/w ratio 1.55–1.9: 1), base cuneate to somewhat attenuate or some leaves abruptly obtuse at base, apex shortly acuminate or (sub)attenuate, lateral veins 7–11 per side, these and the midrib prominent and often pale beneath, surfaces pubescent with hairs densest and longest on veins beneath and midrib above, conspicuous when young, becoming more sparsely hairy with maturity, the blade then scabridulous; minute pocketdomatia present in axils of lateral veins beneath but inconspicuous. Inflorescences terminating leafless lateral branches 11–28.5 cm long, flowers 20 or more, sessile, crowded in capitate corymbs with highly reduced and thickened branches; bracts subtending the main inflorescence branches maroon at least at apex, triangular with a slender apiculum, 3.2–4.5 × 3–4 mm, those subtending the flower clusters smaller, 1–2.5 mm long. Calyx tube (hypanthium) 1.9–2.7 mm long; calyx lobes pink- to maroon-tinged, rounded to broadly and convexly triangular, ± 1 mm long, with an irregular, sometimes toothed margin, glabrous or margins sparsely ciliate. Corolla white except for yellowish-green tube and central portion of lobes externally, glabrous externally; tube narrowly cylindrical, (30–)38–42 × 1.5–2 mm, pilose with long wispy hairs internally mainly in distal half; lobes oblong-elliptic, 5–9 × 3.7–4.2 mm. Stamens with anthers subsessile, held at corolla mouth, 2.6–3 mm long. Ovary bilocular, placentae affixed centrally on septum; style and stigma together 17–19 mm long, glabrous, stigma ± linear, included within corolla tube. Fruit pale green, globose-obovoid, 6–8 mm in diameter, endocarp thin, glabrous, calyx persistent, usually 6–8 seeds per fruit (as few as 2 seeds per fruit reported by Degreef 2006); seeds orange-brown, 4–5 mm in diameter, hemispheric with a slightly angular lower side and a deep circular hilar excavation ca 1.5 mm in diameter, testa smooth and glossy. Distribution and habitat Restricted to the proposed Rovuma CoE, known from the Rondo Plateau of Southeast Tanzania and the Mueda Plateau and Namacubi Forest (Quiterajo) in northeast Mozambique (Fig. 3). Occurs in deciduous and semi-evergreen coastal and lowland dry forest and thicket on sandy soils, including areas of secondary woodland/thicket, at 90–760 m altitude. At Quiterajo, it was recorded from Guibourtia schliebenii (Harms) J.Léonard dominated dry forest with species of Memecylon L., Warneckea Gilg and Strynchnos L. common in the understorey (J. E. & S.M. Burrows 10748). The type specimen from the same site was found growing in close proximity to a number of rare and globally threatened species, i.e., Xylopia tenuipetala D.M.Johnson & Goyder (Q. Luke 13884), Vismianthus punctatus Mildbr. (Q. Luke 13885), Vismia pauciflora Milne-Redh. (Q. Luke 13886 A) and Warneckea cordiformis R.D.Stone (Q. Luke 13887). On the Rondo Plateau, it was noted from within forest of Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg, Dialium L., Albizia Durazz., and Pteleopsis Engl. (= Terminalia L. according to some authorities). Conservation status This species is known from three locations and has an extent of occurrence of 6601 km 2 and a calculated area of occupancy of 16 km 2. At Mueda Plateau, there has been an estimated loss of dense woodland and dry forest vegetation cover of over 96%, whilst in the Rio Messalo-Quiterajo area this figure is 71.2% (Timberlake et al. 2011). On the Rondo Plateau in Tanzania, 2755 ha of natural forest were cleared during the Rondo Forest Programme in 1952–1978 and replaced by commercial plantation of exotic tree species. Some clearance of natural forest for subsistence agriculture and for fuelwood collection is an ongoing threat at this site (Clarke 2001). However, a sizeable area of forest remains on the western slopes of the plateau, some of which has regenerated since the cessation of forestry. The gazetting of this site as a Nature Forest Reserve in 2016 may hopefully result in increased protection for the biodiversity there (Wabuyele et al. 2020). With only three locations and a continuing decline in the extent and quality of habitat at the majority of these sites, this species is provisionally assessed as Endangered – EN B 2ab(iii).Published as part of Darbyshire, Iain, Burrows, John E., Luke, Quentin & Langa, Clayton, 2022, Cladoceras rovumense sp. nov. (Gentianales-Rubiaceae), a new species from southeast Tanzania and northeast Mozambique, pp. 46-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 833 on pages 50-54, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1883, http://zenodo.org/record/694988
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