25 research outputs found
Bis(cyclopropenium)phosphines: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications
No full textA straightforward route for the preparation of a set of bis(cyclopropenium)-substituted phosphines is reported. Due to their dicationic nature, these ligands depict an excellent π-acceptor character. The effect of the ligand substituent pattern on the catalytic activity of the metal complexes thereof derived is also studied. Whereas sterically demanding biaryl groups directly attached to the phosphorus atom seem to facilitate elementary steps such as the product release from the catalyst, long chain dialkylamino groups on the cyclopropenium units maximize the catalysts solubility and, thus, allow the use of typical apolar solvents such as toluene. Importantly, all new ligands prepared can be easily handled in air. Finally, the impact of the newly prepared dicationic phosphines in hydroarylation reactions is demonstrated. In particular, their use in the synthesis of several naphtho[1,2-b]furanes and naturally occurring naphthalene derivatives such as Calanquinone C is reported
Incentives for human organ donation in Latvia
No full textEU countries, including Latvia, are experiencing severe organ shortage that results not only in additional spending on alternative treatment but also places a toll on people’s lives. Organ transplantation is the most cost-efficient treatment for kidney failure and provides the highest quality of life to the patients. For that reason, although it is in every country’s best interests to increase the pool of organs donors, author demonstrates that there are several obstacles in Latvian organ donation system that significantly hinders the organ donation process. Also, author argues that there are effective financial and non-financial incentives and policies that can be adapted to increase the pool of organ donations in Latvia
Impact of Credit Policy for the Success of Trading Enterprises
No full textMaģistra darbā ir analizēta debitoru paradu pārvaldīšanas problēma un kredītpolitikas nozīme salīdzināti dati Eiropas Savienības tirgus apstākļos.
Īpaša uzmanība veltīta uzņēmuma finansu vadībai, uzņēmuma kredītpolitikai, izanalizēti finansu radītāji uzņēmuma novērtēšanas vajadzībām.
Lai apzinātu uzņēmuma komerckredīta un kredītpolitikas vērtējumu ietekmējošos faktorus, tiek aplūkoti: debitoru parādu rašanās iemesli, debitoru parādu stāvoklis Eiropas Savienības tirgus vidē, piedāvāta debitoru parādu vadīšanas tehnoloģiskā shēma, un atbilstoša uzņēmuma kredītpolitika.
Darba izstrāde autors izmanto salīdzinošo analīzi, kā arī koeficentu un dinamisko metodi.
Pētījuma pamatā ir Latvijas Republikas likumdošanas normatīvie akti, statistikas dati, kā arī speciālā ekonomiskā literatūra.
Pamatojoties uz veikto pētījumu, darba autore ir izdarījusi secinājumus, kā arī izstrādājusi priekšlikumus debitoru parādu pārvaldīšanai.
ATSLĒGAS VĀRDI
1. kredīt politika
2. tirdzniecības kredīts
3. debitori/parādi
4. kredīt menedžments
5. tirdzniecības rēķini
6. kredīt limits
7. pēcapmaksaIn the following master thesis analyze of the receivable accounts management and credit policy importance comparing data in the European Union market conditions is given.
Therefore, the attention was paid to the structure of the enterprise financial management, credit policy and the financial results for evaluation.
The following factors, establishing the liquidity and solvency were reviewed: the reasons why the receivable accounts may occur, their condition in the European Union, the technological scheme of the receivable accounts management is given and the corresponding credit policy is suggested.
To achieve an aim of the research, author has studied economical and financial literature of the latest years and summarized opinions.
While working on the thesis the author has used methods of economic analysis, since the largest position of the question under scrutiny are of an economic and legal nature. At the same time statistical elements was also been employed.
Conclusion and suggestion made based on the result of the performed analysis.
Key words
1. credit policy
2. trade credit
3. debtors/due debts
4. credit management
5. trade receivables
6. credit limit
7. after paymen
DIRECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS FOR THE E-FOREX INDUSTRY
No full textIntroduction
What moves the global FX industry? Is it controlled by large liquidity providers and institutions, or by traders in the market? To understand the interrelation between participators in the FX market it is significant to investigate certain factors that impact the market – spread, liquidity, as well as human and technological limitations. One-click trading is the key tool in FX trading today. Billions of one-click trades around the globe affect the fine model of FX global liquidity, simultaneously creating liquidity and testing its limits.
Research about current situation in FX global industry and its participators is the key task of this work. More deeply will be considered electronic trading industry: its business model, substance of quotes and spreads, frequency of price update. Statistics and research such as human trader reaction and internet connection delays will be also presented. In response to these factors, a few practical recommendations are proposed for market participators who seek maximum trading efficiency in the managing and execution process. Specifically, how to deal with the high frequency of price updates and how to benefit from tighter spreads are examined. Possible future changes in FX market model will also be discussed.
In an effort to provide its clients with deeper liquidity, the FX industry can adopt some changes to the current business model of FX Marketplaces in order to reach another level of integration. The theoretical concept of a global decentralized FX Marketplace is made real through the realization of multiple API connection technology. It is the difficulties and opportunities facing the industry in the challenge for liquidity which are the subject of this article. It will be also touched on the core technology and business model aspects involved in creating the global decentralized FX Marketplace network.
The topic consists three main parts:
1.Evolutional process of the FX industry and its participators
It describes history of foundation and main phases of FX market development from voice brokerage to electronic high technological market. There are mentioned main factors, which have influence on the FX business model. Also there are determined main market participators and their requirements from all aspects of business.
2.Regional FX industry development and perspectives
In this chapter author is describing the most perspective areas from his point of view, which are still in a development process and becoming more and more attractive for investors.
3.Strategies and solutions for contemporary FX Industry
The third chapter explains strategies and solutions used by biggest institutional market participators in order to offer competitive product, which is corresponds to clients expectations. Few researches will be presented regarding substance of liquidity, prices and the speed of execution. Finally will be given proposal, how to create a business model which is able to satisfy needs of every FX market participant and simultaneously will be able to hedge the own business risks.
It is a hypothesis that in order to provide clients with deeper liquidity, the FX industry can adopt some changes to the current business model of FX Marketplaces in order to reach another level of integration. The theoretical concept of a global decentralized FX Marketplace is made real through the realization of multiple API connection technology.
Author of this master thesis was being involved in research around main factors having influence on FX trading efficiency. Research was organized by Dukascopy SA (Swiss brokerage house), where author of this thesis is also working. The main target of this research was: “analyzing certain conditions, define optimal solution in realization of decentralized FX marketplace model”. Author has taken part of the research material and used it in master thesis
RISK MANAGEMENT FOR EQUITIES AND EQUITY MUTUAL FUNDS
No full textFondu tirgus piedāvā ļoti plāšu fondu klāstu, kuri atšķiras pēc bāzes aktīva tipa, investīciju un aktīvu izvietošanas stratēģijām, kuras arī tiek izpētītas šajā darbā, bet tiem ir atšķirīgi riska līmeņi. Riska pārvaldība ir atzīta par vissvarīgāko faktoru investīciju veikšanas procesā, nozīmējot, ka jo augstāka riska pakāpe ir investīcijai jo augstākajam sagaidāmajās peļņas rādītajam jābūt. Par pētījuma objektu Autors izvēlās Baltijas un Ziemeļvalstu reģionu valstīs.
Lai izanalizētu fundamentālo risku katrai pētījuma valstij, vispirms globālā finanšu krīze, kura noveda līdz pasaules ekonomikas attīstības tempu kritumam, tiek izpētīta. Turpmāk fundamentālie riska faktoru atzīmes katrai pētījuma valstij tiek piešķirti. Maģistra Darbs tiek pabeigts ar statistisko un kvantitatīvo risku rādītāju pētījumu. Par pētījumu objektiem autors izvēlās divus fondus katram reģionam ar dažādam investīciju stratēģijām. Maģistra darba hipotēze ar jautājumu vai Baltijas valstu fondi izvēlētajos laika periodos spēja nodrošināt lielāko atdevi nekā Ziemeļvalstu fondi, tiek noraidīta.Mutual funds’ industry offers a wide range of funds that are differed by underlying assets’ investment and assets’ allocation strategies, which are studied here, and which are carrying different risks. It is defined that the issue of the risk management is the key factor in investment process, meaning that the higher risk have to be associated with the higher expected return. As an object of research the Author chooses two regions - Baltic States and Nordic countries.
In order to examine the fundamental risk factors for each country, the global financial crisis that led to the global downturn is analyzed first. The fundamental risk factors are assigned for each country. Afterwards, statistical and quantitative risk measures are computed for two mutual funds with different strategies for each region. The hypothesis or the master thesis on whether the Baltic States, during selected time periods, provided superior return in comparison to the Nordic countries is rejected
Real estate bubble driven economical crisis in Latvia and possible developments correlating events with crisis in Sweden during 1990s
No full textDarbā ir veikta nekustamā īpašuma tirgus un vispārējā ekonomikas attīstības analīze Zviedrijā 1990-tajos gados un Latvijā 2000-tajos gados, ir apskatīta iespējamā korelācija starp politikas virzieniem, nekustamā īpašuma cikliem un ekonomikas attīstību.
Pirmajā aplūko investīciju būtību, saistību starp ekonomiku un investīcijām nekustamajā īpašumā. Tam seko krīzes raksturojums, kā arī analizētas valdības aktivitātes, kuras veikt krīzes novēršanai.
Darba otrajā daļā autors apskatījis banku sektora un nekustamā īpašuma tirgus vēsturisko attīstību, kā arī politiskos notikumus attiecīgajās valstīs.
Trešajā daļā tiek analizēti ekonomikas, kā arī nekustamā īpašuma tirgus attīstības pamatlielumi.
Visbeidzot noslēgumā atrodamas autora priekšlikumi, kuri saistīti ar politikas un monetāro lēmumu pieņemšanu pašreizējā situācijā Latvijā.
Atslēgas vārdi: krīze, nekustamais īpašums, burbuļi, cikliThis paper presents an analysis of developments in real estate markets and overall economy in Sweden during 1990s and Latvia 2000s, reviews possible correlation among policy decisions, real estate cycles and macroeconomic developments.
In first part author looks on investments, relationship with economy and investment types, especially investments in real estates. Then link between banks and real estate markets as well as crisis and its impact on macro economy and real estate prices are clarified. Background of banking sector and real estate markets, as well as political events in respective countries is reviewed in the second part of the work.
Indicators of economy and real estate market developments are analyzed in the third part and recommendations concerning policy & monetary decisions affecting current situation in Latvia are given.
Keywords: crisis, real estate, bubbles, cycle
Electronic book store in Latvia
No full textMaģistra darbs „Elektroniskais grāmatu veikals Latvijā” tika izstrādāts pamatojoties uz datiem, kuri bija ņemti no elektroniskā veikala www.gora.lv analīzes rezultātiem. Esošais interneta veikals ir vislielākais, kurš piedāva grāmatas krievu valodā Baltijas reģionā, un kurš stradā Latvijā kā daļa no uzņēmuma, kas pārdod gramātas krievu valodā.
Maģistra darbs sastāv no ievada, teortiskās daļas, praktiskiem pētījumiem un secinājumiem.
Pamatmodeļi elektroniskajai komercijai un tas īpatnības bija izpetītas teoretiskajā darba daļā. Darba autors novērtēja dažādu elektronisko modeļu potenciālus, lai varētu pārdot grāmatas. Pati svarīgāka darba daļa bija teoretisko principu izpēte un elektoriniskā interneta veikala darbības novērtējums.
Tematiskās grāmattirdzniecības problēmas Latvijā bija pārbaudītas analizējot tās praktiskajā daļā. Grāmattirdzniecības tirgus analīze tika paveikta balstoties un tā attīstības tendencēm divvalodīgā valstī. Konkurentu darbs bija novērtēts verot īpašu uzmanību uz klientu piesaistīšanas metodēm. Bija veikta interneta veikala analīze nemot vēra tā lomu kopējā uzņēmuma strukturā. Pamatojoties uz konkrētiem datiem bija sastadīta SWOT analīze.
Pamatojoties uz veikto tirgus izpēti patērētāju ieradumiem, interneta veikala darbības analīze bija ierosināti optimizācijas piekšlikumi, izmanotojo modeļus B2C un B2B.
Tas viss tika piedavāts, lai izveidotu vislielāko interneta veikalu, kurš tirgotu grāmatas krievu valodā Baltijas valstīs. Tajā skaitā tika noteikti kvalitātes un kvantitātes rādītaji darbības kontrolei uz nākamajiem diviem gadiem.
Darba nobeigumā ir doti praktisi priekšlikumi uzņēmuma vadībai, lai varētu attīstit interneta veikalu.
Darbs sastāv no 75 lappusēm.
Darbā ir iekļautas 20 tabulas un 19 zīmējumi.
Darbā tika izmantoti 26 literatūras palīglīdzekļi.Master Thesis “Electronic book shop in Latvia” is completed basing on the analysis data of the work of online bookstore www.gora.lv. Given online book store is the biggest online book store offering Russian books in the Baltic and working as a part of Latvia’s biggest bookselling firm – the leader of Russian bookselling market.
Master Diploma consists of introduction, theoretical part, practical research and conclusion.
Basic electronic commerce models and their peculiarities have been given consideration in the theoretical part of the work. The author of the work evaluated the potential of different electronic commerce models for the bookselling market. A crucial point was the study of theoretical principles of evaluation of online book store work.
Topical issues of bookselling commerce development in Latvia were examined in the practical analysis part; an analysis of bookselling market in Latvia was done and basic tendencies of its development within the bounds of a bilingual state. The work of business rivals was evaluated, paying special attention to the methods of attracting costumers. An analysis of online store was done taking in to consideration its role in the united network of the establishment. Basing on this, SWOT analysis was completed.
Basing on the completed analysis, on the preferences of consumers and the work of an online store optimization solutions were offered, using models B2C and B2B for making the biggest online Russian bookselling store in the Baltic and qualitative and quantitative indexes to control the work of the store for the period of next two years.
In conclusion part practical recommendations were given to improve online bookselling store development management.
The work consists of 75 pages.
The work inludes: 20 tables, 19 drawings.
Bibliography includes 26 sources
Priarist collegium in Międzyrzecz Korecki at a time when Józef Herman Osiński stayed there
No full textJózef Herman Osiński was affiliated with the Priarist Collegium in Międzyrzecz Korecki in 1758/59 – 1759/60 as its pupil and from 1960 to 1762 as a novice teacher. In the article the basic information about this school in the XVIII th century was mentioned. Authors also set out some information about the priarist who were: Osiński’s schoolmates (Mikołaj Skaradkiewicz, Zygmunt Linowski, Franciszek Piasecki, Jacek Popławski, Kazimierz Radecki); first Osinski’s schoolmates then his students (Wojciech Naftalski); his teachers (Wojciech Michałowski and Jerzy Karolim); first his teachers then his collegues (Bartłomiej Kamieński); his superior and a collegue (Gabriel Szybiński); his students (Łukasz Sokołowski and Franciszek Mejer); his students and later on collegues (Stanisław Ładowski). The monks mentioned above were versatile and they made a significant contribution to the development of science and didactics. They were translators, political writers, they played a crucial role in the Priarists. There is no doubt that they strongly influenced the development of Osiński’s interests.Józef Herman Osiński związany był z Kolegium Pijarskim w Międzyrzeczu Koreckim w latach 1758/59 – 1759/60 jako jego uczeń i w latach 1760/61 – 1761/62 jako początkujący nauczyciel. W artykule podane są podstawowe informacje o tej szkole w XVIII wieku. Autorzy przedstawili ponadto krótkie informacje o pijarach, którzy byli: kolegami szkolnymi Osińskiego (Mikołaju Skaradkiewiczu, Zygmuncie Linowskim, Franciszku Piaseckim, Jacku Popławskim i Kazimierzu Radeckim); najpierw kolegami szkolnymi, a później uczniami (Wojciechu Naftalskim); nauczycielami (Wojciechu Michałowskim i Jerzym Karolim); najpierw nauczycielami, a później kolegami z pracy (Bartłomieju Kamieńskim); przełożonymi i kolegami nauczycielami (Gabrielu Szybińskim); uczniami (Łukaszu Sokołowskim i Franciszku Mejerze); najpierw uczniami, a później kolegami z pracy (Stanisławie Ładowskim). Wymienieni zakonnicy cechowali się wszechstronnością. Wnieśli znaczący wkład do rozwoju nauki i dydaktyki, byli tłumaczami, wydawcami, pisarzami politycznymi, pełnili ważne funkcje w zakonie pijarów i nie ulega wątpliwości, że wywarli duży wpływ na rozwój zainteresowań J. H. Osińskiego
