264 research outputs found
Radomaniola pesici Delicado & Hauffe 2022, SP. NOV.
No full textRADOMANIOLA PESICI SP. NOV. (FIGS 18, 19) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 42A9C1DA-B6A9-40BE-9A96-4F381D133CA2 Etymology: Named after Professor Vladimir PeŠić, collector of this species, in recognition of his valuable contribution to the knowledge of the fauna of Montenegro. Type material: Holotype (MNCN 15.05 /200163), five paratypes (MNCN 15.05 /200164) in the MNCN collection and ~ 20 paratypes (UGSB 19048) in the UGSB collection. Type locality: Bar Spring, Donje Vrelo, Montenegro. M a t e r i a l s t u d i e d: B a r S p r i n g, D o n j e V r e l o, Montenegro, 42.86°N, 20.25°E, V.P., May 2005, MNCN 15.05 /200164 and UGSB 19048 (80% ethanol). Diagnosis: Protoconch microsculpture wrinkled; central radular tooth formula 7-C-7/1-1; bursa copulatrix globular, with a long duct; SR1 elongate, duct short; SR2 slightly shorter than SR1, elongate, duct short; penis unpigmented, gradually tapering, base narrow, approximately as long as head length; nervous system weakly pigmented, moderately concentrated (mean RPG ratio = 0.47). Description: Shell ovate-conic, 3.5–4.0 whorls, height 1.75–2.25 mm (Fig. 18A–D; Supporting Information, Table S6). Periostracum whitish. Protoconch ~400 µm wide, 1.5 whorls; nucleus ~150 µm wide; protoconch microsculpture pitted (Fig. 18G). Teleoconch whorls convex, with deep sutures; body whorl large, occupying about three-quarters of total shell length. Aperture slightly oval; inner lip thicker than outer lip; peristome margin simple, straight (Fig. 18B). Umbilicus narrow, not covered by the inner lip. Operculum oval, brownish, about two whorls; muscle attachment area oval and located near the nucleus (Fig. 18E, F). Radular length intermediate, ~600 µm (~25% of total shell length), with ~60 rows of teeth (Fig. 18H). Central tooth formula 7-C-7/1-1 (Fig. 18I); basal tongue U-shaped, length about equal to lateral margin. Lateral tooth formula 4-C-4. Inner marginal teeth having 30–32 tapered cusps, shortening toward the base. Outer marginal teeth with 30–35 sharp cusps (Fig. 18J). Animal darkly pigmented except for neck and tentacles (Fig. 19F). Ctenidium with ten or 11 welldeveloped gill filaments, occupying ~50% of pallial cavity length and positioned posteriorly. Osphradium of intermediate width and opposite middle of ctenidium (Fig. 19A). Stomach as long as wide, with two chambers almost equal in size; style sac longer than wide, surrounded by an unpigmented intestine (Fig. 19B; Supporting Information, Table S7). Nervous system slightly pigmented, moderately concentrated (mean RPG ratio= 0.47); cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size, presenting small black granules (Fig. 19C). Female glandular oviduct approximately two times longer than wide. Albumen gland shorter than capsule gland. Bursa copulatrix globular, slightly longer than wide. Bursal duct longer than bursal length. Renal oviduct unpigmented, coiled. SR1 elongate, duct short, joining renal oviduct slightly above the insertion point with bursal duct. SR2 slightly shorter than SR1, elongate, with a short duct, located on renal oviduct near loop (Fig. 19D, E; Supporting Information, Table S8). Male genitalia with a prostate gland approximately two times longer than wide, bean shaped; seminal duct entering the middle-posterior region; pallial vas deferens emerging close to its anterior edge (Fig. 19H). Penis unpigmented, gradually tapering, approximately as long as head length, base narrow, weakly folded along inner edge and with one medial outgrowth on its left side (Fig. 19F, G; Supporting Information, Table S9); penis attached well behind the right eye; penial duct narrow, near outer edge, almost straight. Remarks: This species resembles R. montana and R. filiola in bearing a more ovate shell than other congeners. Anatomically, R. pesici differs from the two species according to its larger bursa copulatrix, more slender penis, longer radula and larger central radular teeth. Average sequence divergence among the three species ranges between 5.3 and 7.9% for COI. Radomaniola pesici is also differentiated from the geographically proximate R. curta and R. wolffi in its shorter and more ovate shell, a larger number of cusps on the central and lateral teeth, smaller bursa copulatrix with a shorter duct, shorter penis and an average sequence divergence of 4.5–6.2% for COI (Supporting Information, Table S4).Published as part of Delicado, Diana & Hauffe, Torsten, 2022, Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years, pp. 393-441 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on pages 423-425, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab121, http://zenodo.org/record/703558
Figure 18 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
No full textFigure 18. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola pesici sp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200163). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 19048). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.Published as part of Delicado, Diana & Hauffe, Torsten, 2022, Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years, pp. 393-441 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on page 423, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab121, http://zenodo.org/record/703558
Chromosomal variation in the house mouse
No full textAlthough the standard karyotype of the western house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, consists entirely of acrocentric chromosomes, there are 97 distinct ‘populations’ that are characterized by various combinations of metacentric chromosomes that have arisen by Robertsonian (Rb) fusions and whole-arm reciprocal translocations (WARTs).
In this review we discuss the processes behind the origin and fixation of these rearrangements and then present a unified list of all known metacentric populations and evaluate their phylogenetic relationships. Eleven independent phylogeographical ‘systems’, each consisting of 2–25 metacentric populations, were identified in Scotland, Denmark, Northern Europe–Northern Switzerland, Southern Switzerland, Northern Italy, Croatia, Spain, Central–Southern Italy, Peloponnesus, Mainland Greece and Madeira. There are six isolated metacentric populations that do not belong to any of these systems. To generate phylogenies of the metacentric populations within each system, we determined those outcomes with the fewest steps regarding accumulation of metacentrics by Rb fusions, WARTs and zonal raciation and taking into account geographical proximity. These phylogenies should be viewed as working hypotheses that will be refined with further chromosomal and molecular data and improvements in methods of phylogenetic
reconstruction. The list of metacentric populations and our phylogenies are also published electronically and can be accessed at http://www.studenec.ivb.cz/Projects/RobertsonianMice/
Figure 18 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
No full textFigure 18. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola pesici sp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200163). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 19048). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.Published as part of <i>Delicado, Diana & Hauffe, Torsten, 2022, Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years, pp. 393-441 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196</i> on page 423, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab121, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7035584">http://zenodo.org/record/7035584</a>
Figure 8 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
No full textFigure 8. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola curta omblensis subsp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200155). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 18778). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.Published as part of <i>Delicado, Diana & Hauffe, Torsten, 2022, Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years, pp. 393-441 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196</i> on page 411, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab121, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7035584">http://zenodo.org/record/7035584</a>
Figure 14 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
No full textFigure 14. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola jovanovskae sp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200161). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 19517). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.Published as part of <i>Delicado, Diana & Hauffe, Torsten, 2022, Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years, pp. 393-441 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196</i> on page 419, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab121, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7035584">http://zenodo.org/record/7035584</a>
Figure 7 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
No full textFigure 7. Anatomy of Radomaniola curta montenegrensis subsp. nov. A–E, H, I, L, paratypes (UGSB 19515). F, G, J, K, UGSB 19043. A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, F, pallial oviduct. E, G, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. H, J, head of male and penis. I, K, penis. L, prostate gland.Published as part of <i>Delicado, Diana & Hauffe, Torsten, 2022, Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years, pp. 393-441 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196</i> on page 410, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab121, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7035584">http://zenodo.org/record/7035584</a>
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and molecular analyses of epikarstic Parastenocarididae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from two Sicilian caves, with description of a new Stammericaris
No full textFIGURE 4. Stammericaris destillans sp. nov.: A, male, P4, dorsal view; B, male, P4 basis and endopodite, lateral view; C, male, P4 basis and endopodite, lateral view, variability; D, male, P5, P6, first to third urosomites, ventral view; E, female, anal somite, anal operculum and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, female, anal somite, anal operculum and caudal ramus, ventral view; G, female, antennule. Scale bar: 50 micrometers.Published as part of Bruno, Maria Cristina, Cottarelli, Vezio, Hauffe, Heidi Christine, Rossi, Chiara, Obertegger, Ulrike, Grasso, Rosario & Spena, Maria Teresa, 2017, Morphological and molecular analyses of epikarstic Parastenocarididae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from two Sicilian caves, with description of a new Stammericaris in Zootaxa 4350 (2) on page 259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/105324
Evaluating changes in insect-microorganism relationships along an altitudinal gradient
No full textAlpine pastures are one of the most common landscapes in the Alps and one of the most threatened by climate change. In this environment the below-ground biomass (such as Bacteria, Fungi, Archaea, etc.) is much greater than above-ground biomass including plant and livestock. Soil microorganisms interact with the other components of the environment such as plants and invertebrates. A great number of Prokaryota and Fungi are predated by soil animals, but they are also symbiotic with them, for example as part of their gut microbiota. Furthermore, the microbiota associated with soil fauna is paramount for the health of soil fauna itself. Considering that this kind of interactions are almost unknown, the aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between soil microorganism and soil fauna including abiotic factors (temperature, soil moisture, soil organic content, etc.) as well as biotic factors, in order to elucidate the main drivers of soil microbial and soil fauna diversity. Regarding soil fauna, we selected different taxa: - Nematodes as component of soil microfauna and as important predators of microorganisms. - Collembola as component of mesofauna, including several fungivores species. - Earthworms, the soil engineering that affect the soil structure. - Beetles belonging to two different families: Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) as important predators of invertebrates. Thanks to Next Generation Sequencing methods such as metataxomics, it is possible to identify entire microorganisms' communities. Sequence of 16S rDNA gene (V4 - V5 regions) for the Prokaryota and sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) for fungi, will be amplified and cluster in Operational Taxonomic Units in order to clarify the functional role of the microorganisms associated with soil fauna and understand how the interactions between soil fauna and microorganism change along an altitudinal gradient in relation with abiotic factors
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