872 research outputs found
Is female-male mounting functional? An analysis of the temporal patterns of sexual behaviors in Japanese macaques
No full textIn certain populations of Japanese macaques, adult females mount adult males in the context of heterosexual consortships (i.e., temporary but exclusive sexual associations between a male and a female). Previous research suggested that, in this primate species, female-male mounting (FMM) may be a behavioral adaptation. This functional hypothesis holds that FMM is a (special) courtship behaviour, or a (super) sexual solicitation, that serves the function of focusing the male's attention, preventing him from moving away, and expediting male-female mounting, in the context of high female competition for male mates. In this study, we aimed to test some of the proposed functional features of FMM in Japanese macaques by comparing the temporal structure of mating behavioral sequences, including various well-known sexual solicitations, exhibited during heterosexual consortships with and without FMM. To identify and compare recurring series of behavioral events within and across sequences, we used a temporal analysis known as “T-pattern detection and analysis”. Our results (partly) supported the “FMM as a (super) sexual solicitation” hypotheses, and supported the “FMM as a sexual adaptation” hypothesis. The utilization of TPA allows for the detection of hidden features of primates’ behaviors otherwise undetectable by using conventional quantitative approaches, such as the calculation of frequencies or durations of isolated behavioral components, disjointed from the comprehensive behavioral architecture. This study fits into the scheme of a broader investigation of the functionality of non-conceptive mounting patterns observed in Japanese macaques and a reconstruction of their evolutionary history
Alle de gedichten van J. Antonides van der Goes : hier by komt het leven des dichters.
No full textIncludes index.Introduction and life of the author by David van Hoogstraten.Includes portrait plate of the author engraved by Philipp van Gunst and 5 engravings by Romeyn de Hooghe.Title printed in red and black; engraved title vignette by Bernard Picart; decorative initials; tail-pieces.Mode of access: Internet.Bound in sprinkled calf; sprinkled edges; spine and edges of boards gilt tooled; label with gilt title on spine; Leonard Baskin's pencilled initial B written after signature letter L; his printed labels for Fort Hill and Lurley Manor on front pastedown and his signature on back pastedown; signed on front free endpaper by L. van Sasse van Ysselt who appears to have purchased the book in March of 1884 for 2 florins
Steenstabiliteit in een turbulente stroming achter een afstap
No full textHet onderwerp van deze studie is een niet-uniforme stroming waarin sprake is van een plaatselijk verhoogde aanval op het bodemmateriaal door de lokaal hogere turbulentie. In een 15 m lange stroomgoot met een breedte van 40 cm is door middel van een backward-facing step ofwel afstap een niet-uniforme stroming gecreeerd. Om de schade aan de bodembescherming vast te stellen is gebruik gemaakt van een strokenpatroon van stenen met verschillende kleuren. Uit het verloop van het aantal verplaatste stenen bij een toenemend debiet is de kritieke snelheid voor het begin van bewegen bepaald. Dit is gedaan voor zowel een uniforme als de niet-uniforme stromingssituatie zodat door vergelijking van de twee situaties de invloed van een niet-uniforme stroming op de stabiliteit van bodemmateriaal bepaald kan worden. Het begin van bewegen kan eenduidig vast gelegd worden door een enkele losliggende steen in een gefixeerd bed te plaatsen; de steen wordt verplaatst of blijft liggen terwijl bij een los bed van stenen een schadekriterium moet worden vastgesteld. Door in deze situatie de snelheden en drukken simultaan te meten en tegelijkertijd video-opnamen van de losse steen te maken, zijn de optredende fluctuaties te relateren aan de verschillende bewegingen en het verplaatsen van de losse steen. Op deze manier is het mogelijk om de bewegingen van stenen te relateren aan specifieke turbulente stromingssituaties. Het blijkt dat het meeste transport van bodemmateriaal optreedt op ca. 6-2 maal de afstaphoogte achter de afstap, wat ook te verwachten was gezien de resultaten van eerder gedaan onderzoek naar stroming achter een backward-facing step (Nakagawa & Nezu, ] 987). De belastingsfaktor in het geval van een niet-uniforme stroming is goed te bepalen met behulp van de gemeten snelheden. Tevens levet1 de vergelijking om een waarde van deze belastingsfaktor te berekenen, waarin de turbulentie-intensiteit wordt meegenomen, goede resultaten op. Voor een eerste ontwerp van een bodembescherming is de nauwkeurigheid van de zo verkregen belastingsfaktor voldoende. Uit vergelijking van de verschillende snelheden in de verschillende situaties blijkt dat de kritieke snelheid in het geval met een afstap ca. 5-7% lager ligt dan in het geval zonder afstap. Dit geldt zowel voor het geval van een strokenpatroon als in het geval van een enkele losse steen. De kritieke snelheid waarbij verplaatsen optreedt in het geval van een enkele losse steen ligt ca. 30% hoger dan in het geval van schade aan het strokenpatroon. Dit geldt zowel voor het geval met de afstap als in het geval van een vlakke bodem. De verschillende bewegingen van de losse steen zijn niet zonder meer terug te vinden in het verloop van het patroon van de snelheids- en drukfluctuaties in de buurt van de steen. Tevens komt het verloop van de drukfluctuaties niet goed overeen met het verloop van de snelheidsfluctuaties. Dit kan betekenen dat het oplossend vermogen van de druksensoren niet voldoende is om de belangrijkste drukfluctuaties te meten, zeker als blijkt dat de hoogfrequente drukfluctuaties de belangrijkste fluctuaties zouden zijn voor het verplaatsen van een steen. Uitgaande van de verwachting dat ook structuren op een zekere afstand van de steen drukfluctuaties ter plaatse van de steen kunnen opleveren, welke kunnen leiden tot het verplaatsen van de steen, zijn kruiscorrelaties van snelheids- en drukfluctuaties bepaald. De kruiscorrelatie van de snelheids- en drukfluctuaties bij de bodem blijkt een kleine waarde op te leveren. De grootste correlatie wordt gevonden tussen de drukfluctuaties bij de bodem en de snelheidsfluctuaties gemeten op ]2 cm boven het bed op een horizontale afstand van 10 cm van de druksensor.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
Greater airway narrowing in immature than in mature rabbits during methacholine challenge
No full text Shen, X., V. Bhargava, G. R. Wodicka, C. M. Doerschuk, S. J. Gunst, and R. S. Tepper. Greater airway narrowing in immature than in mature rabbits during methacholine challenge. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2637–2643, 1996.—It has been demonstrated that methacholine (MCh) challenge produces a greater increase in lung resistance in immature than in mature rabbits (R. S. Tepper, X. Shen, E. Bakan, and S. J. Gunst. J. Appl. Physiol. 79: 1190–1198, 1995). To determine whether this maturational difference in the response to MCh was primarily related to changes in airway resistance (Raw) or changes in tissue resistance, we assessed airway narrowing in 1-, 2-, and 6-mo-old rabbits during intravenous MCh challenge (0.01–5.0 mg/kg). Airway narrowing was determined from measurements of Raw in vivo and from morphometric measurements on lung sections obtained after rapidly freezing the lung after the MCh challenge. The fold increase in Raw was significantly greater for 1- and 2-mo-old animals than for 6-mo-old animals. Similarly, the degree of airway narrowing assessed morphometrically was significantly greater for 1- and 2-mo-old animals than for 6-mo-old animals. The fold increase in Raw was highly correlated with the degree of airway narrowing assessed morphometrically ( r 2 = 0.82, P < 0.001). We conclude that the maturational difference in the effect of MCh on lung resistance is primarily caused by greater airway narrowing in the immature rabbits. </jats:p
Do denser forests have greater risk of tree mortality: A remote sensing analysis of density-dependent forest mortality
No full textIn forests of the western United States, high levels of forest stocking attributed to fire exclusion and settlement-era logging practices have coincided with periods of extensive forest mortality associated with extreme drought and forest pest outbreaks. This has led to the widespread but largely untested generalization that increased stand density causes increased levels of forest mortality, even for uneven-aged, multi-species, mature stands that are not actively undergoing self-thinning. We used archival Landsat imagery to examine: (1) variations in forest mortality among forest types and climate periods from 1985 to 2010 in the mixed conifer forest of the Lake Tahoe Basin, (2) relationships between stand density and mortality in the subsequent year, and (3) the influence of environmental variables on forest mortality. We found that positive density dependent mortality, where increased stand density is associated with increased probability of mortality, is associated more with lower elevation forests and drier climate periods. In mid- to upper-elevation forests, increased density was more often associated with decreased probability of mortality, especially during wetter periods. Results showed highest tree mortality during a drought in the beginning of our 25-year time series, but not in a subsequent drought period of similar severity. Our study also found increased risk of tree mortality on north-facing slopes across all forests and all climate periods, even when stand density was controlled for. There is a nuanced relationship between stocking level, forest mortality and drought effects, suggesting that no single density-reduction forest management strategy will increase forest resilience under all climate periods and in all forest types. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.Lake Tahoe License Plate Program [LTLP 08-06
Replication Data for: Tight blood-glucose control without early parenteral nutrition in the ICU.
No full textThis dataset contains the primary study results of the TGC-Fast RCT (Gunst J, Debaveye Y, Güiza F, Dubois J, De Bruyn A, Dauwe D, De Troy E, Casaer MP, De Vlieger G, Haghedooren R, Jacobs B, Meyfroidt G, Ingels C, Muller J, Vlasselaers D, Desmet L, Mebis L, Wouters PJ, Stessel B, Geebelen L, Vandenbrande J, Brands M, Gruyters I, Geerts E, De Pauw I, Vermassen J, Peperstraete H, Hoste E, De Waele JJ, Herck I, Depuydt P, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Benoit DD, Van den Berghe G. NEJM 2023). The purpose of the dataset is to analyze the impact of tight versus liberal blood glucose control in patients who do not receive early parenteral nutrition. The dataset contains the baseline characteristics of the 9230 TGC-Fast patients as well as the primary study results (including the length of time that ICU care was needed as the primary endpoint and 90-day mortality as the safety endpoint). The length of time that ICU care was needed was calculated on the basis of time to discharge alive from the ICU, or the time until readiness for discharge from the ICU, with readiness for discharge defined as the time at which patients were no longer at risk or in need of vital-organ support or the time they were actually discharged, whichever came first. Long-term follow-up is ongoing
Food piece interview in question-and-answer format with Brunswick author Micha
No full textFood piece interview in question-and-answer format with Brunswick author Michael Sanders. Sanders\u27 new book, From Here, You Can\u27t See Paris: Seasons of a French Village and Its Restaurant, describes the year he spent with his wife and daughter in the village of Les Arques in the Lot region of France
Special lecture to Environmental Health diploma students, 1982
No full textPictured from left to right are: Mr R Shrowder, Senior Food Hygiene Officer G J Coles Australia; Mr J Davis, Swinburne Environmental Health Department; Mr P Gunst, Good Hygiene Officer G J Coles Australia; Mr R Morris, Swinburne Environmental Health Department. Mr Shrowder and Mr Gunst lectured Swinburne Environmental Health diploma students.
Photograph originally appeared in the 'Swinburne Newsletter', 24 June 1982
Relationship between paxillin and myosin phosphorylation during muscarinic stimulation of smooth muscle
No full textThe tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin increases in association with force development during tracheal smooth muscle contraction, suggesting that paxillin plays a role in the contractile activation of smooth muscle [Z. L. Wang, F. M. Pavalko, and S. J. Gunst. Am. J. Physiol. 271 ( Cell Physiol. 40): C1594–C1602, 1996]. We compared the Ca2+sensitivity of the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in tracheal muscle and evaluated whether MLC phosphorylation is necessary to induce paxillin phosphorylation. Ca2+-depleted muscle strips were stimulated with 10−7–10−4M acetylcholine (ACh) in 0, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mM extracellular Ca2+. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, 10−4M ACh induced a maximal increase in paxillin phosphorylation without increasing MLC phosphorylation or force. Increases in extracellular Ca2+concentration did not further increase paxillin phosphorylation. However, during stimulation with 10−6M ACh, paxillin phosphorylation increased with increases in extracellular Ca2+concentration. We conclude that the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin can be stimulated by signaling pathways that do not depend on Ca2+mobilization and that the activation of contractile proteins is not required to elicit paxillin phosphorylation.</jats:p
Effect of tidal volume and frequency on airway responsiveness in mechanically ventilated rabbits
No full text Shen, X., S. J. Gunst, and R. S. Tepper. Effect of tidal volume and frequency on airway responsiveness in mechanically ventilated rabbits. J. Appl. Physiol.83(4): 1202–1208, 1997.—We evaluated the effects of the rate and volume of tidal ventilation on airway resistance (Raw) during intravenous methacholine (MCh) challenge in mechanically ventilated rabbits. Five rabbits were challenged at tidal volumes of 5, 10, and 20 ml/kg at a frequency of 15 breaths/min and also under static conditions (0 ml/kg tidal volume). Four rabbits were subjected to MCh challenge at frequencies of 6 and 30 breaths/min with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and also under static conditions. In both groups, the increase in Raw with MCh challenge was significantly greater under static conditions than during tidal ventilation at any frequency or volume. Increases in the volume or frequency of tidal ventilation resulted in significant decreases in Raw in response to MCh. We conclude that tidal breathing suppresses airway responsiveness in rabbits in vivo. The suppression of narrowing in response to MCh increases as the magnitude of the volume or the frequency of the tidal oscillations is increased. Our findings suggest that the effect of lung volume changes on airway responsiveness in vivo is primarily related to the stretch of airway smooth muscle. </jats:p
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