158 research outputs found
Pogonaleyrodes Takahashi 1955
No full text92. Pogonaleyrodes Takahashi P. fastuosa Takahashi Syntype, Madagascar: Manjakatompo, 2000 m, 24.v.1950, (R. Mamet), ex: indet., B.M. 1998-131. P. zimmermanni (Newstead) Syntypes, German East Africa (Tanzania): Amani, ix.1902, (A. Zimmermann 19), ex: Acanthaceae, 48/62 (2 slides). Nigeria: Ibadan, Moor Plantation, xi.1959, (E.A. James), ex: indet. Nigeria: Ibadan, Moor Plantation, vii.1960, (M.O. Ezeigwe), ex: indet. Tanganyika: Tukuyu, South Highlands Prov., xii.1957, (R. G. Tapley), ex: Coffea arabica, C.I.E. 4678/15780, 51/62, B.M. 1962-3 (2 slides). Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast): 20 km W. Abidjan, Adiopodoume, IIRSDA, 17.xi.1989, (L.D.C. Fishpool 74), ex: Aidia genipiflora. Kenya: Gedi forest, south of Malindi, 17.v.1988, (J.H. Martin 5318), ex: Tricalysia ovalifolia.Published as part of Manzari, Shahab & Quicke, Donald L. J., 2006, A cladistic analysis of whiteflies, subfamily Aleyrodinae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), pp. 2423-2554 in Journal of Natural History 40 (44 - 46) on page 2518, DOI: 10.1080/00222930601121890, http://zenodo.org/record/523048
L-Mode and Inter-ELM Divertor Particle and Heat Flux Width Scaling on MAST L-Mode and Inter-ELM Divertor Particle and Heat Flux Width Scaling on MAST L-mode and inter-ELM divertor particle and heat flux width scaling on MAST L-Mode and Inter-ELM Divertor
No full textAbstract The distribution of particles and power to plasma-facing components is of key importance in the design of next-generation fusion devices. Power and particle decay lengths have been measured in a number of MAST L-mode and H-mode discharges in order to determine their parametric dependencies, by fitting power and particle flux profiles measured by divertor Langmuir probes, to a convolution of an exponential decay and a Gaussian function. In all discharges analysed, it is found that exponential decay lengths mapped to the midplane are mostly dependent on separatrix electron density (n e,sep 0.650.15 L-mode, n e,sep 0.760.19 H-mode) and plasma current (I p -0.360.11 L-mode, I p -1.050.18 H-mode) (or parallel connection length). The widths of the convolved Gaussian functions have been used to derive an approximate diffusion coefficient, which is found to vary from 1m 2 /s to 7m 2 /s, and is systematically lower in H-mode compared with L-mode
Bird species richness and diversity at montane Important Bird Area (IBA) sites in south-eastern Nigeria
No full textThe mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are a western extension of the Cameroon mountain range, which is classified as an endemic bird area (EBA). Unlike its eastern extension in Cameroon, most of the ornithological surveys in the western extension of the Cameroon highlands in Nigeria have produced only limited checklists and inventories. There is a clear need for quantitative baseline data so that conservation problems can be identified. Twenty line transects covering a total transect length of 28.8 km were used to survey five sites (Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Oban and Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park, Sankwala Mountains and Mbe Mountains) in the westernmost extension of the Cameroon Mountains EBA in south western Nigeria. Vegetation measurements were taken to control for the potential confounding effect of variation in vegetation density and structure on detectability of birds between sites. The 193 bird species recorded in Afi, 158 in Sankwala, 124 in Oban, 100 in Mbe and 73 in Okwangwo Division included most of the Cameroon highlands restricted range species. The results show that the mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are important parts of the Cameroon EBA, particularly the Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary. However these sites are threatened by fire and livestock grazing on the hilltops, shifting agriculture on the hillsides and lowlands, and logging for timber in some parts, as well as wildlife hunting for bush meat.Peer reviewe
Evolutionary conservation genetics of invasive and endemic parrots
No full textThe world is now thought to have entered into a sixth mass extinction event, which unlike previous mass extinctions, is entirely driven by human impacts. The early colonisation of humans has led to as many as a thousand endemic bird species becoming extinct, while increasing human mediated transport of species around the world has led to invasive species becoming one of the largest global conservation challenges of today. Studies in molecular ecology can help us to unravel how evolutionary processes are important for informing conservation and invasion biology by understanding genetic mechanisms that enable populations to grow and adapt in a changing world. As genetic diversity is essential for the persistence of populations, this thesis aims to understand how species respond, at a genetic level, to human-driven events such as the reduction of a population to a small size, or the introduction of a species into a novel environment. The findings demonstrate the important use of genetic markers for phylogenetic reconstruction and understanding population structure. These phylogenetic reconstructions examine taxonomic distinctiveness and patterns of evolution, and allow the identification of ancestral origins for invasive ring-necked parakeets. Evidence from genetic phylogroups, trade data and drivers of population growth, highlight how multiple introductions and patterns of climate matching between the native and invasive ranges of ring-necked parakeets, are mechanisms for invasion success. In contrast to mild genetic bottleneck effects, high levels of diversity and the avoidance of problems associated with small population size within populations of invasive ring-necked parakeet, the endemic Seychelles black parrot exhibited a reduction in population size and reduced levels of genetic diversity over time. Moreover, the inclusion of new genetic data for a number of extinct parrot species enabled an examination of the loss of broader scale phylogenetic diversity, important for ecosystem function, as a result of extinctions of endemic species and invasions of ring-necked parakeets. The findings from this thesis have already been applied to conservation and invasion biology by contributing to the reclassification of the endemic Seychelles black parrot, and to improving the ability of ecological niche models to predict areas suitable for future invasions of ring-necked parakeets. Furthermore they provide a novel approach to identifying potential candidates as ecological replacements to restore ecosystem function and lost phylogenetic diversity
Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity
No full textThe Fifth World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, announced in September 2003 that the global network of protected areas now covers 11.5% of the planet's land surface. This surpasses the 10% target proposed a decade earlier, at the Caracas Congress, for 9 out of 14 major terrestrial biomes. Such uniform targets based on percentage of area have become deeply embedded into national and international conservation planning. Although politically expedient, the scientific basis and conservation value of these targets have been questioned. In practice, however, little is known of how to set appropriate targets, or of the extent to which the current global protected area network fulfils its goal of protecting biodiversity. Here, we combine five global data sets on the distribution of species and protected areas to provide the first global gap analysis assessing the effectiveness of protected areas in representing species diversity. We show that the global network is far from complete, and demonstrate the inadequacy of uniform—that is, 'one size fits all'—conservation targets
Orthochtha brachycnemis subsp. brachycnemis Karsch 1893
No full text<i>Orthochtha brachycnemis brachycnemis</i> Karsch, 1893 <p> <i>Orthochtha brachycnemis</i> Karsch, 1893: 62. Lectotype mâle du Togo, au MNHU.</p> <p> <i>Orthochtha brachycnemis brachycnemis ¢</i> Popov & Fishpool 1992: 67.</p> <p>Iconographie: Mestre, 1988: 193; Popov & Fishpool, 1992: 68, 69.</p> <p>L’espèce est largement répartie du Sénégal à l’Éthiopie et à la Zambie; sa coloration typique est brun clair dorsalement et vert pâle latéralement. Une sous-espèce particulière se trouve en Centrafrique.</p> <p> Déjà signalée comme <i>Orthochtha brachycnemis</i> du Nimba par Chopard (1958: 148) et par Dirsh (1963: 216), cette forme y a fait l’objet de quelques nouvelles captures seulement, tandis que des jeunes anciennement récoltés ont pu être identifiés.</p> <p>Au total des adultes ont été recueillis en février, mars, août, octobre et décembre, et des jeunes à divers stades en janvier, février, mars, août et décembre, ce qui semble indiquer deux générations annuelles avec une reproduction plus ou moins continue. Toutes les captures ont été réalisées en milieux herbacés: savanes (Gouéla, Kéoulenta, Ziéla, Wéyakoré, plateau de Zouguépo 750 m, montée vers le Pierré Richaud 900 m), prairies sur cuirasse (Gouéla, Gbakoré, plateau de Zouguépo 750 m) prairie d’altitude (Pierré Richaud 1000 et 1600 m, camp du Zougué 1050 m). Commune nulle part, elle ne pénètre que peu en prairie d’altitude.</p>Published as part of <i>Roy, Roger, 2003, Les Acridiens du Nimba et de sa région, pp. 311-392 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 190</i> on page 36
OA34 The contributions of Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement groups to the conduct of a scoping review of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing fatigue in children and young people with musculoskeletal conditions
No full textBackground/Aims Fatigue is an important symptom for people of all ages with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. This includes the 234,000 children and young people (CYP) in England and Scotland currently living with conditions such as juvenile inflammatory arthritis, myositis and lupus. This scoping review aimed to generate evidence to design or adapt non-pharmacological MSK-fatigue support across the lifespan, by creating an overview of current knowledge and highlighting gaps in the literature. Methods The protocol and search strategy were developed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews, in collaboration with a Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) group consisting of CYP aged 13-22 years, with lived experience of MSK-related fatigue (N = 12). This group was hosted online and focused on discussion of non-pharmacological interventions either offered to or investigated by participants. Following initial data extraction, an in-person PPIE workshop (N = 7) was held to discuss the initial findings. The data extraction template was then revised and amended by the research team in response to PPIE input. A further online PPIE workshop (N = 10) was held to reflect on the scoping review findings, including CYPs’ views about its relevance to their health and how information regarding non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue should be shared. Results CYP contributed to and reviewed key search terms and inclusion criteria, ensuring relevance of the review to their lived experience of fatigue. By discussing the non-pharmacological treatments they had been offered or sought out, CYP broadened the researchers’ understanding of contextual factors relating to intervention success and acceptability. Limited evidence regarding non-pharmacological fatigue interventions for CYP with MSK conditions was found and most interventions were based on physical activity. Following initial data extraction, participants highlighted that information such as the level and mode of support, qualifications of the facilitator and the appropriateness of the setting were not captured, which they considered important factors in determining acceptability. They also noted the lack of research regarding nutritional approaches or complementary medicine. When reviewing the final data, participants emphasised significant difficulties in locating and researching treatments when actively experiencing fatigue, and therefore the need for information to be easily available from reliable sources. The trustworthiness of guidance was considered highly important in ensuring physical safety when engaging with interventions, whereas the accessibility and age-appropriate nature of the intervention was deemed key for ensuring psychological safety. Conclusion The lived experience of the CYP PPIE groups added valuable insight into the nature and challenges of MSK-fatigue. Their input had a significant impact on the search strategy and data extraction process and will be sought again to ensure that dissemination of the review findings is relevant and accessible for patients, demonstrating the benefit of this approach in the conduct of scoping reviews. Disclosure K. Fishpool: None. G. Young: None. C. Ciurtin: None. F. Cramp: None. B. Farisogullari: None. G.J. Macfarlane: None. P.M. Machado: Consultancies; Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB. J. Pearson: None. E. Santos: None. E. Dures: None
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