116 research outputs found
Dissociation between macrophage tumoricidal capacity and suppressive activity: analysis with macrophage-defective mouse strains.
No full text: Macrophages (M phi diameter) from three mouse strains with genetically distinct M phi diameter deficits (C3H/HeJ, A/J, and P/J) were unable to develop high cytolytic and cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro when exposed to agents (MAF and IFN-beta) that strongly increased the tumoricidal capacity of M phi diameter from nondefective C3H/HeN mice. Nevertheless, the tumoricidal deficits of M phi diameter from the defective strains did not affect their suppressive capacity on Con A-induced lymphoproliferation, nor their ability to react to IFN-beta by decreasing suppressive activity. In fact, natural suppressive activity and IFN-beta-induced changes in the suppression of M phi diameter from C3H/HeJ, A/J, and P/J mice were highly comparable to those of C3H/HeN M phi diameter, thus stressing the dissociation between the mechanisms governing M phi diameter suppression and M phi diameter tumoricidal activity. Analysis of the modulation by MAF and IFN-beta of M phi diameter ability to release the oxygen metabolites O2- and H2O2, molecules possibly involved in the effector mechanism of both M phi diameter cytotoxicity and suppression, revealed a close correlation with the patterns of suppressive activity in both nondefective and defective strains. In contrast, no correlation between the production of oxygen-reactive species and M phi diameter tumoricidal activity was observed. The ability of MAF- and IFN-beta-treated M phi diameter to produce PGE, a molecule of major importance in M phi diameter-mediated suppression and possibly involved also in the regulation of M phi diameter tumoricidal activity, again paralleled M phi diameter suppressive capacity. Thus, the mechanisms controlling M phi diameter antitumor activity appeared to be clearly distinct from those involved in M phi diameter suppression
Magnetic deformation of neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories
No full textScalar-tensor theories are among the most promising alternatives to general relativity that have been developed to account for some long-standing issues in our understanding of gravity. Some of these theories predict the existence of a non-linear phenomenon that is spontaneous scalarisation, which can lead to the appearance of sizable modifications to general relativity in the presence of compact matter distributions, namely neutron stars. On the one hand, one of the effects of the scalar field is to modify the emission of gravitational waves that are due to both variations in the quadrupolar deformation of the star and the presence of additional modes of emission. On the other hand, neutron stars are known to harbour extremely powerful magnetic fields which can affect their structure and shape, leading, in turn, to the emission of gravitational waves – in this case due to a magnetic quadrupolar deformation. In this work, we investigate how the presence of spontaneous scalarisation can affect the magnetic deformation of neutron stars and their emission of quadrupolar gravitational waves, both of tensor and scalar nature. We show that it is possible to provide simple parametrisations of the magnetic deformation and gravitational wave power of neutron stars in terms of their baryonic mass, circumferential radius, and scalar charge, while also demonstrating that a universal scaling exists independently of the magnetic field geometry and of the parameters of the scalar-tensor theory. Finally, we comment on the observability of the deviations in the strain of gravitational waves from general relativity by current and future observatories
Axisymmetric equilibrium models for magnetised neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories
No full textAmong the possible extensions of general relativity that have been put forward to address some long-standing issues in our understanding of the Universe, scalar-tensor theories have received a lot of attention for their simplicity. Interestingly, some of these predict a potentially observable non-linear phenomenon, known as spontaneous scalarisation, in the presence of highly compact matter distributions, as in the case of neutron stars. Neutron stars are ideal laboratories for investigating the properties of matter under extreme conditions and, in particular, they are known to harbour the strongest magnetic fields in the Universe. Here, for the first time, we present a detailed study of magnetised neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories. First, we showed that the formalism developed for the study of magnetised neutron stars in general relativity, based on the “extended conformally flat condition”, can easily be extended in the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field, retaining many of its numerical advantages. We then carried out a study of the parameter space considering the two extreme geometries of purely toroidal and purely poloidal magnetic fields, varying both the strength of the magnetic field and the intensity of scalarisation. We compared our results with magnetised general-relativistic solutions and un-magnetised scalarised solutions, showing how the mutual interplay between magnetic and scalar fields affect the magnetic and the scalarisation properties of neutron stars. In particular, we focus our discussion on magnetic deformability, maximum mass, and range of scalarisation
Quasi-universality of the magnetic deformation of neutron stars in general relativity and beyond
No full textNeutron stars are known to host extremely powerful magnetic fields. Among its effects, one of the consequences of harbouring such fields is the deformation of the neutron star structure, leading, together with rotation, to the emission of continuous gravitational waves. On the one hand, the details of their internal magnetic fields are mostly unknown. Likewise, their internal structure, encoded by the equation of state, is highly uncertain. Here, we present a study of axisymmetric models of isolated magnetised neutron stars for various realistic equations of state considered viable by observations and nuclear physics constraints. We show that it is possible to find simple relations between the magnetic deformation of a neutron star, its Komar mass, and its circumferential radius in the case of purely poloidal and purely toroidal magnetic configurations that satisfy the criterion for equilibrium in the Bernoulli formalism. Such relations are quasi-universal, meaning that they are mostly independent from the equation of state of the neutron star. Thanks to their formulation in terms of potentially observable quantities, as we discuss, our results could help to constrain the magnetic properties of the neutron star interior and to better assess the detectability of continuous gravitational waves by isolated neutron stars, without knowing their equation of state. Our results are derived both in general relativity and in scalar-tensor theories (one of the most promising extensions of general relativity), in this case by also considering the scalar charge. We show that even in this case, general relations that account for deviations from general relativity still hold, which could potentially be used to set constraints on the gravitational theory
Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in the Second and Third LIGO-Virgo Observing Runs
No full textFirst joint observation by the underground gravitational-wave detector KAGRA with GEO 600
No full textS-Genotype Diversity in Wild Cherry Populations in the Czech Republic
No full textAbstract
Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) S-genotyping is aimed to uncover and thus make it possible to select appropriate genotypes applicable in establishing commercial plantations and advanced forest tree breeding activities. The general and long-term aim is to increase genetic gain in economically valuable traits while maintaining sufficient genetic variability (represented by diverse S-alleles in population). We genotyped 123 accessions from wild cherry growing areas in the Czech Republic using polymerase chain reaction based length polymorphisms detection of S-RNase and SFB genes. The studied plant material revealed 18 different S-haplotypes, 54 S-genotypes corresponded to 25 defined incompatibility groups of cultivated sweet cherry. Eighteen unique S-genotypes were designated to group ‘0’ as a universal pollinator. Eleven new incompatibility groups were found out, of which four were cross-compatible with sweet cherry cultivars. The most frequent was a new incompatibility group S14S21 followed by the group S12S14. The haplotypes S14 (13%) and S1 (10%) were the most frequent whereas S20 was less frequent in the wild populations of cherry. The present study of S-genotyping in the wild cherry population reveals the genetic diversity structure of natural populations and hopefully will help define the breeding strategy including more accurate planning activities such as the optimal seed design of orchards.</jats:p
Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO-Virgo data
No full textAll-sky search for gravitational wave emission from scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes in LIGO O3 data
No full textA Joint Fermi-GBM and Swift-BAT Analysis of Gravitational-Wave Candidates from the Third Gravitational-wave Observing Run
No full textAuthors: - C. Fletcher, J. Wood, R. Hamburg, P. Veres, C. M. Hui, E. Bissaldi, M. S. Briggs, E. Burns, W. H. Cleveland, M. M. Giles, A. Goldstein, B. A. Hristov, D. Kocevski, S. Lesage, B. Mailyan, C. Malacaria, S. Poolakkil, A. von Kienlin, and C. A. Wilson-Hodge, Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor Team, M. Crnogorcevic, J. DeLaunay, A. Tohuvavohu, R. Caputo, S. B. Cenko, S. Laha, and T. Parsotan, R. Abbott, H. Abe, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. K. Adkins, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, S. Albanesi, R. A. Alfaidi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, M. Andres-Carcasona, T. Andric, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, T. Apostolatos, E. Z. Appavuravther, S. Appert, S. K. Apple, K. Arai, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arene, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, M. Arogeti, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. Assis de Souza Melo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, T. Baka, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, B. Banerjee, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, S. Basak, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, M. Bazzan, B. R. Becher, B. Becsy, V. M. Bedakihale, F. Beirnaert, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, M. G. Benjamin, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, S. Bera, M. Berbel, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, A. V. Bhandari, U. Bhardwaj, R. Bhatt, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, A. Bianchi, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, G. N. Bolingbroke, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, F. Bucci, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, K. Burtnyk, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, G. S. Cabourn Davies, G. Cabras, R. Cabrita, L. Cadonati, M. Caesar, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderon Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. Cameron, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, S. Canevarolo, M. Cannavacciuolo, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, M. Carlassara, J. B. Carlin, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglia, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, P. Cerda-Duran, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, E. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C. L. Chan, K. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, I. P. Chang, P. Chanial, S. Chao, C. Chapman-Bird, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, Debarati Chatterjee, Deep Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty, C. Chen, D. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, Z. Chen, H. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Cheung, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, C-Y. Chiang, G. Chiarini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, M. L. Chiofalo, A. Chiummo, R. K. Choudhary, S. Choudhary, N. Christensen, Q. Chu, Y-K. Chu, S. S. Y. Chua, K. W. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieslar, M. Cifaldi, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, F. Clara, J. A. Clark, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, E. Codazzo, P.-F. Cohadon, D. E. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, A. Colombo, M. Colpi, C. M. Compton, M. Constancio Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrion, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. J. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, R. Cottingham, M. W. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. W. Criswell, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J. R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Cury lo, P. Dabadie, T. Dal Canton, S. Dall’Osso, G. Dalya, A. Dana, B. D’Angelo, S. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, Sayak Datta, Sayantani Datta, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, D. Davis, M. C. Davis, E. J. Daw, R. Dean, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deleglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, D. Dell’Aquila, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, F. De Matteis, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, R. De Simone, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. D´ıaz, N. A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, A. Di Michele, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. Donahue, L. D’Onofrio, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Y. Drori, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, U. Dupletsa, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, C. Eassa, P. J. Easter, M. Ebersold, T. Eckhardt, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, S. Eguchi, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, E. Engelby, Y. Enomoto, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estelles, D. Estevez, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, T. Evstafyeva, B. E. Ewing, F. Fabrizi, F. Faedi, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, P. C. Fan, A. M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, G. Favaro, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, A. Fiori, I. Fiori, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, H. K. Fong, J. A. Font, B. Fornal, P. W. F. Forsyth, A. Franke, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, J. P. Freed, Z. Frei, A. Freise, O. Freitas, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. G. Fronze, Y. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, Y. Fujimoto, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, W. E. Gabella, B. U. Gadre, J. R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, D. Gao, S. G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, C. Garcıa Nunez, C. Garcıa-Quiros, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, V. Gayathri, G.-G. Ge, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, J. George, O. Gerberding, L. Gergely, P. Gewecke, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Shrobana Ghosh, Tathagata Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, M. Giesler, P. Giri, F. Gissi, S. Gkaitatzis, J. Glanzer, A. E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, J. Golomb, B. Goncharov, G. Gonzalez, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, D. W. Gould, S. Goyal, B. Grace, A. Grado, V. Graham, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, A. M. Gretarsson, E. M. Gretarsson, D. Griffith, W. L. Griffiths, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, E. Grimes, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, A. S. Gruson, D. Guerra, G. M. Guidi, A. R. Guimaraes, G. Guixe, H. K. Gulati, A. M. Gunny, H.-K. Guo, Y. Guo, Anchal Gupta, Anuradha Gupta, I. M. Gupta, P. Gupta, S. K. Gupta, R. Gustafson, F. Guzman, S. Ha, I. P. W. Hadiputrawan, L. Haegel, S. Haino, O. Halim, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, W.-B. Han, M. Haney, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. Hannuksela, H. Hansen, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, D. Hartwig, K. Hasegawa, B. Haskell, C.-J. Haster, J. S. Hathaway, K. Hattori, K. Haughian, H. Hayakawa, K. Hayama, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, A. Heidt, M. C. Heintze, J. Heinze, J. Heinzel, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M. H. Hennig, C. Henshaw, A. G. Hernandez, F. Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, A. L. Hewitt, S. Higginbotham, S. Hild, P. Hill, Y. Himemoto, A. S. Hines, N. Hirata, C. Hirose, T-C. Ho, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, J. N. Hohmann, D. G. Holcomb, N. A. Holland, I. J. Hollows, Z. J. Holmes, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, Q. Hong, J. Hough, S. Hourihane, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, D. Hoyland, A. Hreibi, B-H. Hsieh, H-F. Hsieh, C. Hsiung, Y. Hsu, H-Y. Huang, P. Huang, Y-C. Huang, Y.-J. Huang, Yiting Huang, Yiwen Huang, M. T. Hubner, A. D. Huddart, B. Hughey, D. C. Y. Hui, V. Hui, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, R. Huxford, T. Huynh-Dinh, S. Ide, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, K. Inayoshi, Y. Inoue, P. Iosif, M. Isi, K. Isleif, K. Ito, Y. Itoh, B. R. Iyer, V. JaberianHamedan, T. Jacqmin, P.-E. Jacquet, S. J. Jadhav, S. P. Jadhav, T. Jain, A. L. James, A. Z. Jan, K. Jani, J. Janquart, K. Janssens, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, R. Jaume, A. C. Jenkins, K. Jenner, C. Jeon, W. Jia, J. Jiang, H.-B. Jin, G. R. Johns, R. Johnston, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, P. Jones, R. Jones, P. Joshi, L. Ju, A. Jue, P. Jung, K. Jung, J. Junker, V. Juste, K. Kaihotsu, T. Kajita, M. Kakizaki, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, Y. Kao, S. J. Kapadia, D. P. Kapasi, C. Karathanasis, S. Karki, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, T. Kato, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, K. Kawaguchi, F. Kefelian, D. Keitel, J. S. Key, S. Khadka, F. Y. Khalili, S. Khan, T. Khanam, E. A. Khazanov, N. Khetan, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, A. Kim, C. Kim, J. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, N. Kimura, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, S. Klimenko, T. Klinger, A. M. Knee, T. D. Knowles, N. Knust, E. Knyazev, Y. Kobayashi, P. Koch, G. Koekoek, K. Kohri, K. Kokeyama, S. Koley, P. Kolitsidou, M. Kolstein, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A. K. H. Kong, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, M. Kovalam, N. Koyama, D. B. Kozak, C. Kozakai, V. Kringel, N. V. Krishnendu, A. Krolak, G. Kuehn, F. Kuei, P. Kuijer, S. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, Prayush Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, J. Kume, K. Kuns, Y. Kuromiya, S. Kuroyanagi, K. Kwak, G. Lacaille, P. Lagabbe, D. Laghi, E. Lalande, M. Lalleman, T. L. Lam, A. Lamberts, M. Landry, B. B. Lane, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, I. La Rosa, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, S. 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Mantovani, M. Mapelli, F. Marchesoni, D. Mar´ın Pina, F. Marion, Z. Mark, S. Marka, Z. Marka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, M. Martinez, V. A. Martinez, V. Martinez, K. Martinovic, D. V. Martynov, E. J. Marx, H. Masalehdan, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, M. Mateu-Lucena, F. Matichard, M. Matiushechkina, N. Mavalvala, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, P. K. McClincy, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, G. I. McGhee, S. C. McGuire, C. McIsaac, J. McIver, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, Q. Meijer, A. Melatos, D. A. Melchor, G. Mendell, A. Menendez-Vazquez, C. S. Menoni, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, J. D. Merritt, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, P. M. Meyers, F. Meylahn, A. Mhaske, A. Miani, H. Miao, I. Michaloliakos, C. Michel, Y. Michimura, H. Middleton, D. P. Mihaylov, L. 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Wright, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, K. Z. Yang, L. Yang, Y.-C. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, S.-W. Yeh, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A. Zadrozny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, R. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA CollaborationWe present Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM) and Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT) searches for gamma-ray/X-ray counterparts to gravitational wave (GW) candidate events identified during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Using Fermi-GB
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