382 research outputs found
Policing, procedural justice and prevention
No full textProcedural justice is receiving increasing global attention both as a way of improving the legitimacy of policing and because styles of policing associated with procedural justice seem to be associated with improvements in community-police relations and reductions in crime. This chapter locates procedural justice theory within a broader framework of compliance theories, and summarises the main features of the theory. The authors have developed, refined and tested procedural justice theory in Europe and elsewhere, using the 2010 European Social Survey, and the chapter presents some key findings. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the practical and ethical issues in embedding principles of procedural justice in policing
Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
No full textA study of the viscoelastic relaxation in anhydrous liquid P2O5 is reported. Properties of the time decay of the dynamic structure factor, including the average structural relaxation time and the stretching exponent, were obtained for temperatures from 850 °C to near the glass transition Tg=419 °C using photon correlation spectroscopy. Analysis indicates that P2O5 is a strong glass-forming liquid but one that exhibits an abnormally nonexponential relaxation near Tg. The viscoelastic behavior of P2O5 is compared with that of its alkali-metalmodified metaphosphate counterparts NaPO3 and LiPO3, as well as with the mechanical relaxation of chalcogenide glasses, to demonstrate common patterns in dynamical behavior presumably arising from changes in the average connectivity of the glass structure.2020201-1 - 020201-47
Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
No full textWe report photon correlation spectroscopy measurements of the α-relaxation in a series of glass forming liquids of widely varying fragility and demonstrate a correlation between the nonergodic level of the liquid and its fragility. This correlation, when combined with a previous correlation established between fragility and the stretching exponent that characterizes the nonexponentiality of the α-relaxation, implies that the α-relaxation should, in general, conform to scaling that is described by just two parameters: the nonergodic level and the glass transition temperature.131322017
The influence of subgrid-scale modelling on the performance of a new non-equilibrium wall-model for large-eddy simulation
No full textThe computational cost of wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) rapidly becomes prohibitive with increasing Reynolds number. Wall-modelled LES attempts to significantly reduce the computational cost of simulating wall-bounded turbulent flows by modelling the effect of the near-wall small-scale motions, rather than fully or partially resolving them. The present study concentrates on a new wall-model that is able to predict fluctuating wall-shear stress given a large-scale velocity input. The velocity input for the model is affected by the choice of subgrid-scale (SGS) model. Therefore, this study also focusses on the impact of the SGS-model on the distribution of quantities at the wall. Results show that the new wall-model is able to resolve more of the wall shear-stress variance than a standard wall-model; and that the SGS-model affects the distribution of fluctuations of both wall-shear stress and wall-pressure
Copper Cable Theft: Revisiting the Price-Theft Hypothesis
No full textObjectives. To test the commonly espoused but little examined hypothesis that fluctuations in the price of metal are associated with changes in the volume of metal theft. Specifically, we analyze the relationship between the price of copper and the number of police recorded “live” copper cable thefts from the British railway network (2006 – 2012). Methods. Time-series analysis was performed using 76 months of data to determine the association between mean copper price and police recorded “live” copper cable theft. Two rival hypotheses, that changes in the theft of copper cabling reflect changes in the theft of railway property more generally (or the reporting thereof) or variations in the rate of unemployment, were also tested. Results. We find support for the price-theft hypothesis: changes in the price of copper were positively associated with variations in the volume of “live” copper cable theft. A downward trend in copper cable theft in recent years is also observed although the mechanism(s) underpinning this pattern is unclear. Conclusions. The theft of “live” copper cable is associated with fluctuations in copper price. As such, it differs substantially from the “crime drop” typically noted for most types of crime providing further support for the price-theft hypothesis
The role of HIV gp120 in the disruption of the immune system
No full textThe existence of HIV positive individuals who do not appear to progress to disease, or do so only very slowly (LTNPs), strongly suggest that factors other than virus pathogenicity determine disease. The occurence of HIV infected chimpanzees that remain disease free and other African SIV infected primates where disease is apparently species specific underscores the importance of host factors [1, 2]. We have examined the immune response of LTNP patients using a variety of techniques including intracellular cytokine FACscan, anchor PCR analysis of the T cell receptor and HLA typing of class II genes by DNA sequencing. Our results to date confirm that the development of disease is consistent with activation of a susceptible immune system, and that this could be due to the fact that HLA-like sequences of HIV may 'allo' activate the host immune response. In order to test this hypothesis further we have examined whether gp120 itself can bind and present specific peptides which may be capable of eliciting 'allo' activation responses in particular hosts. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
are, ALL the time
No full textCare does not happen in a vacuum, including nursing care. With this in mind, we—Jess, Jane, Jamie, Brandon, and Eva—partnered with critical posthuman scholars Goda Klumbytė from Kassel University in Germany and Dr. Kay Sidebottom from Stirling University in Scotland for a discussion of care. Goda's research straddles critical algorithm studies, systems design, and feminist theory, drawing together these critical perspectives with applied informatics. Kay focuses on posthuman approaches to curriculum and education, affirmative ethics, and how philosophy and art can be used to reimagine education. Although on the surface, their scholarship appears to be exogenous to nursing, critical posthumanism emphasizes the convergence of thinking inter-, trans-, anti-, and postdisciplinarity (Braidotti, 2019). Features that unite the work of nursing with Goda and Kay's foci include the explorations of bodies, control, education, and labor. This points to mutual interests along the axes of critical analyses of humanism, and moving toward more transversal methodologies and posthumanities praxes when it comes to care. Specifically, we are interested in the potentiality of transdisciplinary methodologies of caring and care that are situated outside of capitalist and state enclosures which include all human, other-than-human, more-than-human, and nonhuman matter. These ideas are important for nurses and non-nurses alike as everybody is, has, or will be in need of both nursing and other forms of care. We all care all the time. Nursing sometimes lays claim to care as proprietary, under its sole purview, happening in acute care spaces, within the nurse/patient dyad and centered on neoliberalized individualistic assumptions (Dillard-Wright et al., 2020; Smith et al., 2022). We challenge this notion. Our discussion begins with the politics of care, and the idea that care is overdetermined, exploring who gets to define care. We then turn to the time-space of care, which is multiple. We conclude with considerations of how care is situated and contextual
Khallaf and Sidebottom Guiding Stent for Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis: A New Era for Joint Space Puncturing Techniques (Registered Technical Note)
No full textArthrocentesis is becoming the cornerstone of minimally-invasive surgical treatment for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJID). Nitzan et al. first described arthrocentesis as the simplest form of surgery in the TMJID. Repeated arthrocentesis up to five times is 91% effective in treating patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction. It depends on lavage of the joint space through placement of two needles inside the superior joint space. The majority of surgeons use conventional puncturing technique (CPT), which is a blind technique for needle placement, in spite of its complications (extra-articular injection, multiple puncturing, facial nerve injury, intracranial penetration).Others use image guided puncturing techniques (CBCT,MSCT, MRI, or US) for superior joint space puncturing, which is proven to be a more accurate and precise technique with fewer complications. We fabricated a new customized guiding stent on a 3D soft and hard tissue model, printed out from MSCT, with adjusted depth and angulation for superior joint space puncturing. The puncturing using this new stent is easy and does not subject patients to imaging each time, as the confirmation of the needle positioning has already been done by the accurate measurements on MSCT. In addition, the procedure no longer requires general anesthesia or deep sedation. Clinically significant differences were noted between the use of IGPT and the present guiding stent, especially on the level of procedural time. These observations confirmed that the use of this stent was a predictable and highly efficient new approach for superior joint space puncturing
Computer science
No full textEvery new technology brings new opportunity for crime, and information and communication technology (ICT) is no exception. This short article offers students of crime insights in the two main connections between ICT and criminology. On the one hand we show how ICT can be used as a tool, target, or location of crime. On the other hand we show how ICT can be used as a tool to study crime.Cyber Securit
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