686 research outputs found
Gamasellus vibrissatus Emberson 1967
No full text186. Gamasellus vibrissatus Emberson, 1967 Gamasellus vibrissatus Emberson, 1967: 294. Gamasellus vibrissatus.— Bregetova & Shcherbak, 1977: 301; Ma et al., 2007: 246. Gamasellus (Brevisellus) vibrissatus.— Davydova, 1982: 64. Type depository. Lyman Entomological Museum, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada. Type locality and habitat. Canadian International Paper Company Tree Farm, Harrington, Quebec, Canada, 31 October 1964, in litter of Abies sp. and Picea mariana [Pinaceae].Published as part of Castilho, Raphael C., Silva, Edmilson S., De, Gilberto J. & Halliday, Bruce, 2016, Catalogue of the family Ologamasidae Ryke (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1-147 in Zootaxa 4197 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16844
Gamasellus bellavistae Emberson 1967
No full text127. <i>Gamasellus bellavistae</i> Emberson, 1967 <p> <i>Gamasellus bellavistae</i> Emberson, 1967: 298.</p> <p> <b>Type depository.</b> Lyman Entomological Museum, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada. <b>Type locality and habitat.</b> Morgan Arboretum, [McGill University Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de- Bellevue], Quebec, Canada, 17 March 1965, on moss.</p>Published as part of <i>Castilho, Raphael C., Silva, Edmilson S., De, Gilberto J. & Halliday, Bruce, 2016, Catalogue of the family Ologamasidae Ryke (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1-147 in Zootaxa 4197 (1)</i> on page 47, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/168445">10.5281/zenodo.168445</a>
EVOLUTION of LOW MASS GALACTIC SUBHALOS and DEPENDENCE on CONCENTRATION
No full textWe carry out a detailed study of the orbital dynamics and structural evolution of over 6000 subhalos in the Via Lactea II simulation, from infall to present. By analyzing subhalos with masses down to m = 4 × 105M⊙, we find that lower mass subhalos, which are not strongly affected by dynamical friction, exhibit behaviors qualitatively different from those found previously for more massive ones. Furthermore, there is a clear trend of subhalos that fell into the host earlier being less concentrated. We show that the concentration at infall characterizes various aspects of subhalo evolution. In particular, tidal effects truncate the growth of less concentrated subhalos at larger distances from the host; subhalos with smaller concentrations have larger infall radii. The concentration at infall is further shown to be a determining factor for the subsequent mass loss of subhalos within the host and also for the evolution of their internal structure in the vmax -rmax plane. Our findings raise the prospects of using the concentration to predict the tidal evolution of subhalos, which will be useful for obtaining analytic models of galaxy formation, as well as for near field cosmology
Macrholaspis Oudemans 1931
No full textMacrholaspis Oudemans, 1931 Macrholaspis Oudemans, 1931: 272. Type species: Gamasus opacus Koch, 1839, by original designation. Macrocheles opacus species group.— Johnston, 1970: 148. Medium sized (female dorsal shield usually 600–1100 μm in length), litter-dwelling Macrochelini; dorsal shield with 28 pairs of setae, plus 1–4 unpaired or paired setae; setae long, tapered and usually entirely pilose; j 1 laterally expanded; dorsal shield tapered posteriorly, lateral and posterior margins dentate, crenulate or smooth; ventri-anal shield rounded or subcircular, with 1–3 pairs of pre-anal setae; three pairs of postepigynal platelets free in membranous cuticle; lateral processes of epistome reduced; cheliceral dorsal seta pectinate laterodistally. The dorsal shield has a basic complement of 28 pairs of setae plus 1–4 additional unpaired or paired setae; setae J 3 are always present and a single seta, or a pair of setae, or 3–4 unpaired setae are present between setae j 6 and J 3. Setae j 1 are short and laterally expanded; the other setae are long, tapered and pilose along their entire length (except for M. evansi Balogh, in which setae j 6, z 6, J 3 and a pair between j 6 and J 3 are aciculate). Setae z 1 and J 5 are often shorter than the other setae. The dorsal shield is tapered from the shoulders and does not cover the entire dorsum. It may be ornamented with microspicules or have reticulated surface sculpture. The lateral and posterior margins of the dorsal shield are often finely dentate or crenulate. The ventral sclerotisation is reduced and the setae are aciculate or pilose. The sternal shield is punctatereticulate without strong lineal patterns. The epigynal shield is reduced and rounded posteriorly, with the pores free in the membrane. The ventri-anal shield is more or less reduced, usually rounded or subcircular, with 1–3 pairs of pre-anal setae and a cribum with strong para-anal extensions. There are three pairs of sclerotised post-epigynal platelets free in membranous cuticle. The lateral processes of the epistome are usually reduced to narrow spikes, either attached to the median process or free (Fig. 17), but they are absent in M. carpathicus Mašán. The median process is bifurcate and usually dissected distally. The fixed chela has an offset subterminal tooth and a median tooth, and the female movable chela has two central teeth. The cheliceral dorsal seta is pectinate laterodistally. The legs are strongly rugose, with setation normal for the family. The setae are mainly pilose or occasionally blade-shaped, except on coxa and tarsus I where they are aciculate. The visible spermathecal structures include elongate tubuli and well developed rami; the sacculus is indistinct. Males, where known (M. beieri (Johnston) and M. reductus (Petrova)), have separate sternogynal and ventri-anal shields. The male movable chela is unidentate with a short, strongly tapered, posteriodorsally directed spermatodactyl. Femur II has a ventral spur. Notes. Macrholaspis is distinguished from Macrocheles by the reduced ventral sclerotisation and by the presence of three pairs of sclerotised post-epigynal platelets in the membrane between the epigynal and ventri-anal shields, a feature shared with Nothrholaspis and Geotrupacarus. Macrholaspis is further distinguished from other genera by the distinctive shape of the epistome, the fully pilose dorsal setae, the laterally expanded setae j 1, the litter dwelling habit, and the rarity of males. Hyatt & Emberson (1988) saw no males among 116 adults of the three species occurring in the British Isles, and Mašán (2003) did not report any males among nearly 200 specimens of six species from Slovakia. Johnston (1970) stated that M. beieri Johnston was the only species of the genus (species group) for which males were known. This, however, is not strictly correct; Petrova (1966), in describing M. reductus, clearly indicated and illustrated the male of the species, but compared it to species of Nothrholaspis rather than Macrholaspis. Macrholaspis is closely related to Nothrholaspis, and a case could be made for regarding it as a subgenus of the latter. However, the epistomal structure of Macrholaspis is quite different from that of Nothrholaspis, as are the fully pilose dorsal setae and the laterally expanded setae j 1. The two genera share the presence of three pairs of sclerotised post-epigynal platelets with Geotrupacarus, a feature otherwise seen only rarely in the family. These three genera also have para-anal extensions of the cribrum, an apparently pleisiomorphic character that occurs widely in free-living, early derivative lines of the Macrochelidae (including Geholaspini), but is absent in most species of Macrocheles. The males of these three genera also have separate sternogynal and ventri-anal shields and major spurs on the legs are limited to femora II. Males of more derived species of Macrocheles often have holoventral shields and may have additional spurs on legs II and IV. Macrholaspis is a Palaearctic genus with species distributed from Britain and Ireland to Japan (Hyatt & Emberson 1988, Ishikawa, 1969), but appears to be most diverse in Central Europe (Balogh 1958, Johnston 1970, Mašán 2003). Included species: M. beieri (Johnston, 1970), new combination; M. carpathicus (Mašán, 2003), new combination; M. dentatus Evans & Browning, 1956; M. evansi Balogh, 1958; M. georgicus (Bregetova, 1977), new combination; M. morikawai (Ishikawa, 1969), new combination; M. opacus (Koch, 1839); M. recki (Bregetova & Koroleva, 1960) new combination; M. reductus (Petrova, 1966), new combination; M. similiopacus (Mašán, 2003), new combination; M. stammeri (Krauss, 1970), new combination; M. terreus (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877), new combination; M. tianschanicus (Bregetova, 1977), new combination. As pointed out by Mašán (2003), Macrocheles punctatissimus Berlese is not a species of Macrholaspis, although it was tentatively included in the opacus species group by Hyatt & Emberson (1988). It lacks the definitive characters of the genus, particularly the reduced ventral sclerotisation, the free post-epigynal platelets, the reduced lateral processes of the epistome, and the pectinate cheliceral dorsal seta. Macrocheles analis Hyatt & Emberson, also placed in the opacus species group by Hyatt & Emberson (1988), has been transferred to Reductholaspis, a distinctive new genus apparently more closely related to Longicheles than to Macrholaspis (see above).Published as part of Emberson, Rowan M., 2010, A reappraisal of some basal lineages of the family Macrochelidae, with the description of a new genus (Acarina: Mesostigmata), pp. 37-53 in Zootaxa 2501 on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19583
Nothrholaspis Berlese 1918
No full textNothrholaspis Berlese, 1918 Macrocheles (Nothrholaspis) Berlese, 1918: 169. Type species: Holostaspis tridentinus G. & R. Canestrini, 1882 (= Gamasus tardus Koch, 1841), by original designation. Macrocheles (Scleritholaspis) Mašán, 2003: 80. Type species: Gamasus carinatus Koch, 1839, by original designation, new synonymy. Macrocheles carinatus species group.— Hyatt & Emberson, 1988: 90. Medium to large-sized (female dorsal shield 1000–1500 μm in length), heavily sclerotised, litter-dwelling Macrochelini; dorsal setae distally pilose, except for a group of more or less aciculate setae in central region of dorsal shield; three pairs of post-epigynal platelets free in membranous cuticle; males with separate sternogynal and ventri-anal shields; epistome with lateral processes fused basally; dorsal cheliceral seta pectinate laterodistally. The dorsal shield has 28−29 pairs of setae, with J 3 present in addition to J 2 in some species (e. g. N. montanus Willmann). Most dorsal setae are pilose in their distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3, but a group of more or less simple, aciculate setae are present in the central region of the dorsal shield. These include j 6, z 5, J 2, and J 3, if present; other setae including j 2, j 5, z 1, s 2, r 3, r 4, and J 5 may be simple in some species. The dorsal shield is generally ornamented with reticulate patterns and sometimes with punctate microsculpture, and the posterior and lateral margins are irregularly crenulate or smooth. The ventral shields have simple or pilose setae. The sternal shield has a reticulate-punctate pattern, which is more pronounced and more punctate in the posterior 1 / 3. The metasternal plates are small and oval, and bear the seta and pore. The epigynal shield is generally rounded posteriorly and has a punctate lineal pattern; the associated pores are free on the membrane. The ventri-anal shield is reduced, subtriangular or rounded, with three pairs of pre-anal setae, a punctate lineal pattern and para-anal extensions to the cribrum. There are three pairs of free post-epigynal platelets in the membranous cuticle. The epistomatic lateral processes are fused basally and the stem of the median process is strongly spiculate (Fig. 16). Cheliceral dentition varies from species to species, and the cheliceral dorsal seta is pectinate laterodistally. Leg setation is normal for the family, with both simple and pilose setae. The spermathecal structures are mostly indistinct, but well developed infundibula and tubuli have been illustrated by Athias-Henriot (1968) for N. carinatus (Koch) and N. tardus (Koch). Males have separate sternogynal and ventri-anal shields. The spermatodactyl is short, about half the length of the movable chela; it is strongly tapered and directed posteriodorsally. Femur II is armed with a simple spur and the genu and tibia have small tubercles. Notes. Nothrholaspis is distinguished from Macrocheles by the presence of three pairs of sclerotised postepigynal platelets in the membrane between the epigynal and ventri-anal shields, a feature shared with Macrholaspis and Geotrupacarus but rarely present in Macrocheles, as here restricted. Nothrholaspis is further distinguished from Macrocheles and from Macrholaspis by the distinctive shape of the epistome (Fig. 16), and from Macrocheles by the pectinate cheliceral dorsal seta. Both the shape of the epistome and the cheliceral dorsal setae are similar to those seen in Geotrupacarus. The large size, pattern of pilose and aciculate dorsal setae, litter-dwelling habit, and regular occurrence of males are other characteristic, though non-defining, features of the genus. Hyatt & Emberson (1988) found that the proportion of males in the four species occurring in the British Isles varied from 1.2% (1 out of 83 adults examined) in N. montanus to 37.3% (134 out of 359 adults examined) in N. submotus. Nothrholaspis is a Palaearctic genus with species known from Britain and Ireland to China and Japan (Hyatt & Emberson, 1988; Takaku, 1996; Ma & Liu 2003). Included species: N. banaticus (Iavorschi, 1977), new combination; N. carinatus (Koch, 1839); N. caucasicus (Bregetova & Koroleva, 1960), new combination; N. coenosus (Takaku, 1996), new combination; N. montanus Willmann, 1951; N. shennongjianensis (Ma & Liu, 2003), new combination; N. subcoenosus (Takaku, 1996), new combination; N. submotus (Falconer, 1924), new combination; N. tardus (Koch, 1841) Mašán (2003) proposed the synonymy of Macrocheles biharicus Iavorschi, 1977 and M. margaretae Iavorschi, 1977 with N. montanus Willmann, 1951. His tentatively proposed synonymy of M. banaticus Iavorschi, 1977 with M. tardus (Koch, 1841) is less convincing because of distinct differences in the number and distribution of simple setae in the central region of the dorsal shield. In the absence of known original material of M. banaticus, this synonymy is not followed here.Published as part of Emberson, Rowan M., 2010, A reappraisal of some basal lineages of the family Macrochelidae, with the description of a new genus (Acarina: Mesostigmata), pp. 37-53 in Zootaxa 2501 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19583
Longicheles Valle 1953
No full textLongicheles Valle, 1953 Geholaspis (Longicheles) Valle, 1953: 323, 343. Type species: Holostaspis mandibularis Berlese, 1904, by original designation. Geholaspis (Longicheles).— Krauss, 1970: 36; Hyatt & Emberson, 1988: 74; Mašán, 2003: 55. Longicheles.— Athias-Henriot, 1968: 241. Geholaspini with massively developed, elongate, multidentate chelicerae (Fig. 6); epistome with narrow, distally bifid median process (Fig. 7); dorsal setae j 5 strongly displaced posteriorly, lying well posterior to setae j 6 (Fig. 8); ventri-anal shield with five pairs of pre-anal setae. The dorsal shield has 28 pairs of setae, which are mainly pilose or plumose distally, except for a variable number of aciculate setae in the j-J series and sometimes one to three setae in the z-Z series. Setae z 1 may be short and pilose, or aciculate to slightly spatulate, and longer than j 1. Setae j 5 are displaced posteriorly, so that they are mesad and well posterior to j 6 (Fig. 8). The ventral setae are mostly simple except toward the posterior lateral margins. The sternal shield has punctate sculpture, without a distinct pattern of lines, and the metasternal plates are free and have the usual seta and pore. The epigynal shield is subtriangular, with a truncate posterior margin and covers strongly developed lateral epigynal sclerites. The ventri-anal shield is usually longer than broad; it has five pairs of pre-anal setae; one or both pairs of the Zv series may be plumose, and the inguinal pores are near the anterior lateral angles. The cheliceral digits are elongate and multidentate, the fixed chela always has more than five teeth, often many more (Fig. 6), and may have a row of accessory teeth on the external face (L. hortorum (Berlese)), while the movable chela has at least eight teeth and often have a row of accessory teeth on the external face (Fig. 6). The dentate anterior margin of the epistome is more or less transverse and has a narrow, bifid, median process, which may be distally dissected (Fig. 7). Spermathecal structures are generally not apparent, but the elongate tubuli and rami of two species have been illustrated by Athias-Henriot (1968). Males unknown. Protonymphs, where known, have a posterior extension of the hind margin of the podonotal shield into a median lobe bearing setae j 5. This extension is probably associated with a posterior migration of the cheliceral retractor muscles. Notes. Valle (1953) originally distinguished Longicheles from other subgenera of Geholaspis on the basis of two main characters: the elongate nature of the cheliceral digits in Longicheles, and the posterior displacement of setae j 5 (setae 18 in his system). The length of the cheliceral digits was expressed as the ratio of dorsal shield length to the length of the movable chela. The posterior displacement of setae j 5 was expressed as the ratio of dorsal shield length to the distance between setae z 5 and j 5 (setae 13 and 18 in his system). Valle’s characters are still considered valid and important in defining the genus. Evans & Browning (1956) introduced an additional character based on the length of setae z 1 (M 1 in their system), in which Longicheles was thought to have short setae and Geholaspis s. str. to have long, simple setae. This was shown by Balogh (1958) not to hold for all species of Longicheles. He described L. longisetosus Balogh as having long, simple z 1 setae, but with all the other characters of Longicheles. Valle (1963) and Valle & Mazzoleni (1967) subsequently described four additional species of Longicheles, from Mediterranean islands, which all have long, simple z 1 setae. Valle & Mazzoleni (1967) divided the species of Longicheles into four groups based mainly on the dentition and relative length of the cheliceral digits, but also the pilosity of seta j 2. However, Mašán (2003) has pointed out that in Central Europe there are two distinct groups of species within Longicheles, based on the length, pilosity, and position of the j 1 and z 1 setae. These groupings can be extended to all known species of Longicheles and are here referred to as the mandibularis species group, in which setae j 1 are close together so that their bases are virtually contiguous and setae z 1 are short and distally pilose (Fig. 8, 9), and the longulus species group, in which setae j 1 are distinctly separated and setae z 1 are longer than setae j 1 (Fig. 10). In the longulus species group, setae z 1 are usually aciculate or occasionally slightly spatulate/pectinate (L. bulgaricus Balogh). The most distinctive feature of Longicheles is the development of the elongate, multidentate cheliceral digits, which are unique in the family though somewhat similar to those of Lordocheles rykei Krantz. The fixed chela is nearly four times as long (from the tip to the dorsal seta) as they are wide. This development may be associated with the posterior migration of dorsal setae j 5 to a position well posterior to j 6 (Valle 1953), and the posterior projection of the hind margin of the podonotal shield in protonymphs of, at least, L. mandibularis (Berlese) and L. hortorum (Berlese) (Hirschmann 1987, Hyatt & Emberson 1988). This suite of unique apomorphic characters fully justifies the elevation of Longicheles to separate generic status as first suggested by Athias-Henriot (1968), but not generally accepted by subsequent authors. Although known from North America, Longicheles is mainly European in distribution, having been recorded from Ireland to European Russia (Bregetova & Koroleva 1960, Hyatt & Emberson 1988), but again seems to be most diverse in Central and Southern Europe (Valle 1953, 1963, Valle & Mazzoleni 1967, Mašán 2003). Longicheles mandibularis has been introduced to Australia (Halliday 2001) and New Zealand (new record), evidently by human agency. Included species: L. longulus species group: L. bianchii (Valle & Mazzoleni, 1967), new combination; L. bulgaricus (Balogh, 1958); L. ilvana (Valle & Mazzoleni, 1967), new combination; L. lagrecai Valle, 1963, new combination; L. longisetosus (Balogh, 1958), new combination; L. longulus (Berlese, 1887), new combination; L. ranzii (Valle & Mazzoleni, 1967), new combination. L. mandibularis species group: L. hortorum (Berlese, 1904); L. mandibularis (Berlese, 1904), new combination.Published as part of Emberson, Rowan M., 2010, A reappraisal of some basal lineages of the family Macrochelidae, with the description of a new genus (Acarina: Mesostigmata), pp. 37-53 in Zootaxa 2501 on pages 41-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19583
Longicheles Valle 1953
No full textLongicheles Valle, 1953 Geholaspis (Longicheles) Valle, 1953: 323, 343. Type species: Holostaspis mandibularis Berlese, 1904, by original designation. Geholaspis (Longicheles).— Krauss, 1970: 36; Hyatt & Emberson, 1988: 74; Mašán, 2003: 55. Longicheles.— Athias-Henriot, 1968: 241. Geholaspini with massively developed, elongate, multidentate chelicerae (Fig. 6); epistome with narrow, distally bifid median process (Fig. 7); dorsal setae j 5 strongly displaced posteriorly, lying well posterior to setae j 6 (Fig. 8); ventri-anal shield with five pairs of pre-anal setae. The dorsal shield has 28 pairs of setae, which are mainly pilose or plumose distally, except for a variable number of aciculate setae in the j-J series and sometimes one to three setae in the z-Z series. Setae z 1 may be short and pilose, or aciculate to slightly spatulate, and longer than j 1. Setae j 5 are displaced posteriorly, so that they are mesad and well posterior to j 6 (Fig. 8). The ventral setae are mostly simple except toward the posterior lateral margins. The sternal shield has punctate sculpture, without a distinct pattern of lines, and the metasternal plates are free and have the usual seta and pore. The epigynal shield is subtriangular, with a truncate posterior margin and covers strongly developed lateral epigynal sclerites. The ventri-anal shield is usually longer than broad; it has five pairs of pre-anal setae; one or both pairs of the Zv series may be plumose, and the inguinal pores are near the anterior lateral angles. The cheliceral digits are elongate and multidentate, the fixed chela always has more than five teeth, often many more (Fig. 6), and may have a row of accessory teeth on the external face (L. hortorum (Berlese)), while the movable chela has at least eight teeth and often have a row of accessory teeth on the external face (Fig. 6). The dentate anterior margin of the epistome is more or less transverse and has a narrow, bifid, median process, which may be distally dissected (Fig. 7). Spermathecal structures are generally not apparent, but the elongate tubuli and rami of two species have been illustrated by Athias-Henriot (1968). Males unknown. Protonymphs, where known, have a posterior extension of the hind margin of the podonotal shield into a median lobe bearing setae j 5. This extension is probably associated with a posterior migration of the cheliceral retractor muscles. Notes. Valle (1953) originally distinguished Longicheles from other subgenera of Geholaspis on the basis of two main characters: the elongate nature of the cheliceral digits in Longicheles, and the posterior displacement of setae j 5 (setae 18 in his system). The length of the cheliceral digits was expressed as the ratio of dorsal shield length to the length of the movable chela. The posterior displacement of setae j 5 was expressed as the ratio of dorsal shield length to the distance between setae z 5 and j 5 (setae 13 and 18 in his system). Valle’s characters are still considered valid and important in defining the genus. Evans & Browning (1956) introduced an additional character based on the length of setae z 1 (M 1 in their system), in which Longicheles was thought to have short setae and Geholaspis s. str. to have long, simple setae. This was shown by Balogh (1958) not to hold for all species of Longicheles. He described L. longisetosus Balogh as having long, simple z 1 setae, but with all the other characters of Longicheles. Valle (1963) and Valle & Mazzoleni (1967) subsequently described four additional species of Longicheles, from Mediterranean islands, which all have long, simple z 1 setae. Valle & Mazzoleni (1967) divided the species of Longicheles into four groups based mainly on the dentition and relative length of the cheliceral digits, but also the pilosity of seta j 2. However, Mašán (2003) has pointed out that in Central Europe there are two distinct groups of species within Longicheles, based on the length, pilosity, and position of the j 1 and z 1 setae. These groupings can be extended to all known species of Longicheles and are here referred to as the mandibularis species group, in which setae j 1 are close together so that their bases are virtually contiguous and setae z 1 are short and distally pilose (Fig. 8, 9), and the longulus species group, in which setae j 1 are distinctly separated and setae z 1 are longer than setae j 1 (Fig. 10). In the longulus species group, setae z 1 are usually aciculate or occasionally slightly spatulate/pectinate (L. bulgaricus Balogh). The most distinctive feature of Longicheles is the development of the elongate, multidentate cheliceral digits, which are unique in the family though somewhat similar to those of Lordocheles rykei Krantz. The fixed chela is nearly four times as long (from the tip to the dorsal seta) as they are wide. This development may be associated with the posterior migration of dorsal setae j 5 to a position well posterior to j 6 (Valle 1953), and the posterior projection of the hind margin of the podonotal shield in protonymphs of, at least, L. mandibularis (Berlese) and L. hortorum (Berlese) (Hirschmann 1987, Hyatt & Emberson 1988). This suite of unique apomorphic characters fully justifies the elevation of Longicheles to separate generic status as first suggested by Athias-Henriot (1968), but not generally accepted by subsequent authors. Although known from North America, Longicheles is mainly European in distribution, having been recorded from Ireland to European Russia (Bregetova & Koroleva 1960, Hyatt & Emberson 1988), but again seems to be most diverse in Central and Southern Europe (Valle 1953, 1963, Valle & Mazzoleni 1967, Mašán 2003). Longicheles mandibularis has been introduced to Australia (Halliday 2001) and New Zealand (new record), evidently by human agency. Included species: L. longulus species group: L. bianchii (Valle & Mazzoleni, 1967), new combination; L. bulgaricus (Balogh, 1958); L. ilvana (Valle & Mazzoleni, 1967), new combination; L. lagrecai Valle, 1963, new combination; L. longisetosus (Balogh, 1958), new combination; L. longulus (Berlese, 1887), new combination; L. ranzii (Valle & Mazzoleni, 1967), new combination. L. mandibularis species group: L. hortorum (Berlese, 1904); L. mandibularis (Berlese, 1904), new combination.Published as part of Emberson, Rowan M., 2010, A reappraisal of some basal lineages of the family Macrochelidae, with the description of a new genus (Acarina: Mesostigmata), pp. 37-53 in Zootaxa 2501 on pages 41-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19583
Expression of an anti-CD33 single-chain antibody by Pichia pastoris
No full textCD33 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on cells of myelomonocytic lineage, leukaemic cells, but not haematopoietic stem cells. By virtue of its expression pattern, CD33 has become a popular target for new immunotherapeutic approaches to treat acute myeloid leukaemia. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris strain KM71H was used to produce an anti-CD33 single chain variable fragment (scFv), with the intention of conjugation to a radioisotope, for therapeutic use. To direct secreted expression of the anti-CD33-scFv the alpha-mating factor secretory signal sequence (alpha-MF) was used, with constructs containing a complete (CS) and incomplete (INCS) cleavage site to accommodate the potential outcomes of dibasic endopeptidase, Kex2, and dipeptidyl amino peptidase, Ste13, processing. The anti-CD33-scFv was expressed in BMMY cultures using both constructs, with a final yield of 48 mg/l (CS) and 11 mg/l (INCS). N-terminal sequencing showed that the CS-scFv had not been cleaved by Ste13, leaving amino acids EAEA at the N-terminus. The INCS-scFv construct produced a mixture of 50% authentic scFv and 50% with 11 amino acids from the alpha-MF remaining at the N-terminus. Despite the aberrations in alpha-MF processing, the anti-CD33-scFv's produced from both constructs were found to be functional. Flow cytometry and Biacore analysis demonstrated binding to target antigen CD33 on the surface of human leukaemic cell line HL-60, and to recombinant soluble CD33 respectively
Species radiation of carabid beetles (broscini: mecodema) in new zealand.
No full textNew Zealand biodiversity has often been viewed as Gondwanan in origin and age, but it is increasingly apparent from molecular studies that diversification, and in many cases origination of lineages, postdate the break-up of Gondwanaland. Relatively few studies of New Zealand animal species radiations have as yet been reported, and here we consider the species-rich genus of carabid beetles, Mecodema. Constrained stratigraphic information (emergence of the Chatham Islands) and a substitution rate for Coleoptera were separately used to calibrate Bayesian relaxed molecular clock date estimates for diversification of Mecodema. The inferred timings indicate radiation of these beetles no earlier than the mid-Miocene with most divergences being younger, dating to the Plio-Pleistocene. A shallow age for the radiation along with a complex spatial distribution of these taxa involving many instances of sympatry implicates recent ecological speciation rather than a simplistic allopatric model. This emphasises the youthful and dynamic nature of New Zealand evolution that will be further elucidated with detailed ecological and population genetic analyses
An integrated geospatial data model for active travel infrastructure
No full textActive travel has received increased investment and interest in many countries both due to COVID-19 and to policies which promote a shift in mobility behaviours to support a wide range of public and individual goods. However, while there has often been substantial investment in the physical infrastructure that can help facilitate active travel, there has not so far always been commensurate investment in the data infrastructure which can help enable people to shift trips to active modes. Current fragmented data and data models and a lack of data standards pose a barrier to the development of the applications which are needed to support planners, users and journey planning. There is therefore a need for a more integrated, better-connected and more richly attributed active travel geospatial network model. This paper describes the development of such a data model, and its initial application to a case study of Great Britain. It demonstrates how the development, population and maintenance of such a data model could facilitate a range of novel applications, such as the personalisation of active travel journey planning to address different user needs and capabilities. If the potential societal benefits from investment in physical active travel infrastructure are to be fully realised, this needs to be supported by the availability of a robust spatial data infrastructure capable of providing the information required by walkers, wheeled users and cyclists to make effective use of the active travel network
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