8 research outputs found
A good night's sport was witnessed
No full textSt. Helens; Gerard Hall; Catholic Temperance League; Mr. J. Marsh; William Farnam; Mr. J. Wills; Mr. P. Rafferty; Liverpool Police; Joe Saxon; The Brothers Henderson; New Cross, S.E.; Croft's Inst.; May 16th; S. Blazer; Brothers Butcher; Sam Witty; W. Acourt; F.E. Flint; ; W. Pullum; F. Goodwin; The Venesta Bros
Zjazd książąt śląskich z 1329 roku
No full text The Congress of Silesian dukes of 1329The study examines documents which originated in connection with avisit by the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg, to Wrocław in April and May 1329. So far scholars have pointed primarily to the reduction to vassalage of successive Silesian dukes from the Wroclaw line Bolesław III of Legnica and Brzeg and Głogów line Henry of Żagań, Conrad of Oleśnica and John of Ścinawa. They have stressed the pressure exerted by the Bohemian king, which the various dukes were unable to withstand. The author has attempted to take acloser look at the contents of the extant documents, particularly vassalage documents. They show that the King of Bohemia convened a congress of dukes to Wrocław, during which matters of vassalage were negotiated not only for individuals but also for the various lines. The negotiations featured atwo-person ducal deputation acting as acourt of arbitration. The documents list the dukes’ rights and freedoms with regard to the territories they governed and people settled there as well as the rights of the Bohemian king as the feudal lord. They also regulated the question of mutual relations between the dukes in property and other matters. Consequently, they should be viewed as the first written legislative acts fundamental and constitutional in nature, both in the various duchies and in their association referred to as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia.Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge aus dem Jahre 1329Zum Gegenstand der Bearbeitung wurden Dokumente, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufenthalt des Königs von Böhmen und Polen, des Johann von Luxemburg im April und Mai 1329 in Breslau entstanden sind. In der bisherigen Literatur wird vor allem auf die Vasalisierung weiterer schlesischer Herzöge der Breslauer Boleslaus 3. von Liegnitz und Brieg und Glogauer Heinrich v. Sagan, Konrad v. Oels und Jan v. Scinawa Linie hingewiesen. Hervorgehoben wurde dabei der durch den böhmischen König ausgeübte Druck, dem die einzelnen Herzöge sich nicht widersetzen konnten. Der Verfasser sah in die erhaltenen Dokumente ein und schenkte seine besondere Aufmerksamkeit den Lehensdokumenten. Aus diesen ergibt sich, dass der böhmische König die Zusammenkunft der Herzöge in Breslau einberufen hat, wo man die Angelegenheiten der Lehensverhältnisse nicht nur individuell, sondern auch gruppenweise verhandelte, im Rahmen einzelner Linien unter Beteiligung einer Zweipersonendeputation des Herzogs, die die Funktion eines Schiedsgerichtes erfüllte. In den Lehensdokumenten wurden die bisherigen Rechte und Freiheiten der Herzöge in Bezug auf die ihnen unterliegenden Gebiete und die dort ansässige Bevölkerung sowie die Rechte des böhmischen Königs als den Senior genannt. Sie regelten auch die gegenseitigen vermögensrechtlichen und sonstigen Verhältnisse zwischen den Herzögen. Folglich sind diese Dokumente als erste Rechtsakten eines fundamentalen und verfassungsrechtlichen Charakters anzusehen und das sowohl in den einzelnen Herzogtümern, als auch in ihrer Verbindung, für die der Name Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien gängig ist. The Congress of Silesian dukes of 1329The study examines documents which originated in connection with avisit by the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg, to Wrocław in April and May 1329. So far scholars have pointed primarily to the reduction to vassalage of successive Silesian dukes from the Wroclaw line Bolesław III of Legnica and Brzeg and Głogów line Henry of Żagań, Conrad of Oleśnica and John of Ścinawa. They have stressed the pressure exerted by the Bohemian king, which the various dukes were unable to withstand. The author has attempted to take acloser look at the contents of the extant documents, particularly vassalage documents. They show that the King of Bohemia convened a congress of dukes to Wrocław, during which matters of vassalage were negotiated not only for individuals but also for the various lines. The negotiations featured atwo-person ducal deputation acting as acourt of arbitration. The documents list the dukes’ rights and freedoms with regard to the territories they governed and people settled there as well as the rights of the Bohemian king as the feudal lord. They also regulated the question of mutual relations between the dukes in property and other matters. Consequently, they should be viewed as the first written legislative acts fundamental and constitutional in nature, both in the various duchies and in their association referred to as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia.Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge aus dem Jahre 1329Zum Gegenstand der Bearbeitung wurden Dokumente, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufenthalt des Königs von Böhmen und Polen, des Johann von Luxemburg im April und Mai 1329 in Breslau entstanden sind. In der bisherigen Literatur wird vor allem auf die Vasalisierung weiterer schlesischer Herzöge der Breslauer Boleslaus 3. von Liegnitz und Brieg und Glogauer Heinrich v. Sagan, Konrad v. Oels und Jan v. Scinawa Linie hingewiesen. Hervorgehoben wurde dabei der durch den böhmischen König ausgeübte Druck, dem die einzelnen Herzöge sich nicht widersetzen konnten. Der Verfasser sah in die erhaltenen Dokumente ein und schenkte seine besondere Aufmerksamkeit den Lehensdokumenten. Aus diesen ergibt sich, dass der böhmische König die Zusammenkunft der Herzöge in Breslau einberufen hat, wo man die Angelegenheiten der Lehensverhältnisse nicht nur individuell, sondern auch gruppenweise verhandelte, im Rahmen einzelner Linien unter Beteiligung einer Zweipersonendeputation des Herzogs, die die Funktion eines Schiedsgerichtes erfüllte. In den Lehensdokumenten wurden die bisherigen Rechte und Freiheiten der Herzöge in Bezug auf die ihnen unterliegenden Gebiete und die dort ansässige Bevölkerung sowie die Rechte des böhmischen Königs als den Senior genannt. Sie regelten auch die gegenseitigen vermögensrechtlichen und sonstigen Verhältnisse zwischen den Herzögen. Folglich sind diese Dokumente als erste Rechtsakten eines fundamentalen und verfassungsrechtlichen Charakters anzusehen und das sowohl in den einzelnen Herzogtümern, als auch in ihrer Verbindung, für die der Name Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien gängig ist
ВПЛИВ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОГО СТЯГНЕННЯ ЗА КОРУПЦІЙНІ ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ НА ТРУДОВІ ПРАВОВІДНОСИНИ СУДОВОГО ЕКСПЕРТА
No full textEuro integration transformations in ourcountry have raised the issue of overcomingcorruption in all branches of government, reformingthe judicial and law enforcement systems. Judicialreform did not bypass the basic provisions onforensic expertise as the latter is an integral part ofthe judicial system. One of the hallmarks ofprocedural and employment status of a forensicexpert is his or her legal responsibility for the failureor improper performance of his / her duties. Theresponsibility of a forensic expert is one of theimportant means of ensuring the legitimacy anddiscipline of the forensic system. The orientation ofUkraine to the rule of law and the implementation ofPan-European values substantially actualizeresearch on direct legal responsibility. Therefore, the purpose of the article is toinvestigate the issues of special legal liabilityapplicable to a forensic expert in the performance,non-performance or improper performance of hisduties, the prosecution of corruption offenses andoffenses related to corruption. The author analyzesthe provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, theLaw of Ukraine «On Forensic Examination», theCode of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses,regulatory acts regulating the procedure for bringingto court the disciplinary responsibility of a judicialexpert of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.The procedure and grounds for bringing acourt expert to administrative and disciplinaryresponsibility for anti-corruption offenses areanalyzed. The main shortcomings of the legislationare outlined, in particular, regarding the applicationof the disciplinary procedure of a court expert forcorruption offenses. The outstanding and unresolvedissues regarding the prevention of corruption inforensic activities are highlighted. It is proposed toimprove the profile law regulating forensic activitiesby making changes, namely to define: the onlyauthorized body for applying disciplinaryresponsibility; grounds for bringing to disciplinaryaction, to grounds to add - violation of anticorruptionlegislation, violation of ethical behaviorof a court expert; procedural issues of disciplinary action; procedural issues for the removal of a forensic expert from the performance of duties in connection with the imposition on him of a last year administrative penalty for committing a corruption offense; a single list of types of disciplinary sanctions, taking into account the possible volumes and gravity of the offense; to specify the terms of imposition of disciplinary sanction and the time when the term of the term occurs; the procedure and terms of appeal against disciplinary action.Key words: forensic expert, forensic expertise, administrative responsibility, disciplinary liability, corruption offenses.У теоретико-правовому аспекті досліджено питання спеціальної юридичної відповідальності, щозастосовуються до судового експерта під час виконання, невиконання або неналежного виконання нимсвоїх обов’язків, притягнення до відповідальності за корупційні правопорушення та правопорушення,пов’язані з корупцією. Автором аналізуються положення Конституції України, Закону України «Просудову експертизу», Кодекс України про адміністративні правопорушення, нормативно-правові актищо регламентують порядок притягнення до дисциплінарної відповідальності судового експертаМВС України. Проведено аналіз порядку та підстав притягнення судового експерта до адміністративної та дисциплінарної відповідальності за правопорушення у антикорупційній сфері. Окреслено основні недоліки законодавства, зокрема щодо застосування порядку притягнення до дисциплінарної відповідальності судового експерта за правопорушення, пов’язані з корупцією. Виокремленні неврегульовані та невирішені питання стосовно запобігання корупції в судово-експертній діяльності, та запропоновано шляхи їх вдосконалення.Ключові слова: судовий експерт, судова експертиза, адміністративна відповідальність, дисциплінарна відповідальність, корупційні правопорушення
1
No full textStlte iailu J*)alo Jlttr.
Vt.l. XXI. ffl-ANFtllin I'NIVKIWITY, OAl*. WK1 »NI S*I »A V. .-.KIT. lo. liar,'.
No. tl.
RECEPTION FRIDAY
NEW TENNIS COURTS
WINS COAST CHAMPIONSHIP.
jnew accliun, T., Tli ,11:15, r.*'in 133;
OSSirss 6, *ev-tnni 1. transferred tO —
Cbrtatlaa Assot.i'.iot.s Will Wei. .i,,],, *.-)'> rn»lli SO Tr*aaur*r Edward* Will Appoint Former Stanford Siudiut 8uccaaaf.il
come rraahiann Claa* In BattnV' , pi'mimtrnm - CoarSS IA trans-1 * Commit*** to Solicit ia San Kal**l Tsnnla Totir-
Clab-Boo-n. r#rieJ .„ M;. y iS> ,„,,,„ *jj •abecriptton*. nam.nl.
I.ate this sfUraoon Mr*. Siati-j 0*a*s«f ***** tfiaiaa.—-CoarseJ, Treasurer Kdwmd. has decided Ltwii Freeman, ea-tn», won tin-
ford garr psnolsttoa for the ICncin* Irau.frired lo I , II. . Illlft, room la Start a •'.'--. rij.iiim hit fn the lei.in* t lirnnj.jnushi'n.f thel'os*t in
club-riKitn to bs n*etl fur tin-I'liris-jJjO. raising of fundf with which lolsy ih**>i.glesandhel|<ed win thsdoub-
tian Astxiriati.iii** reception to Ciri. Engtmetrimg. — Course 86, anew Isoiila eourt. lit* reason* lea at Ins Hotel Itafasl courts alou'
Kreshrnen nest Friday evening A transferred to M , W , F.. '.' I'., f.tr tailing uprm lbs ntsmbeTSal lh* lis* ami Tuesday. The double*
program is being arranged and will room 141. slinienl Lily ft»T funds air mimer- innlrh Monday between Frt-einsi.
la- |.tihlishetl ti'ltiurrow. H*w Ap-wnitnenl* "u" "l)'r ''''' r""fI"-" '■■* K"',,r *"dUell f»rSoi.ihernCali(.irnia,and
— i „. . , . , . "aie snllrsl* inaili-.|tia|p l..r tin- Smith and Mtl.avin nf San Fran-
PrMhmeo Install Pmsideot. !.."/*.-.' *• ■'-?*•* K™H°™* "' tlevrl..|itnri.l of temii* n.alrrn.l. an.l daco, rasulted Ins virlory fui
Ths Fie.hii.en gathered In the """"" ' '"*-"•'»', i— j- l*e .wry-way uiifll for a good man .-..mho. mm. The-...it-,; ..,.; I,
chapel today at 1:15 because tbsy ■PI*''* *"*««.• ** J* «!■«•■ , , |n „1P ,-,., Ucr ,_, Q , 6 fl , {UMm hii„ ,.,„.,
hadseenU,e'n..lire..irre.,dr..tTav. •»•<■* * "WnaillcLanguage*. All- l|lrv „.„ ,,, ,■„, „„, lU,nlx,.tl w„ liw ,„„.,,.. ,„r ,h(1 C(1,,It,|
lor.ol Me.re.|ueslii.glhe.n ... do m- »"'"'"" a|.|K.n.m.n,l is that ol ^ jn ,||( R,lenilM,,1 ,»..
Mr. Harrington wa, *a«jj Um: £-.£;,W* .*« »"r,CU,r' the.ini.hinr. ,1 lie
try nr
i titf Latin ilspsrtim
..I Ihe,.!..
making etc
abdicated
after a riile »>l twenty minutr*. Ike I wby 1U Com** to Stanford.
Itu-t-ll waa then elected chairman. | Ths tusmbsrs ol All Souls' K«...
Itufu* Grssn ,wa» nomlnstsd f"i ,ot.al Church, Nasr Vork Citv, have snd during nt
iterinenent president, and waa rsoslfed a leUel "I larswsfl Irom -.""*" «>*•* «"■'•■■
iii.a.iitiinusly ele, ted, hut failed to \[vy |,r. [■. j^Ur N'ewtob, alia "The atudenl ho
a|i|-ear. Mr. UoObessiisji *<« re*lgiie(l ihe rcctor*Iil|i last anrlng alsd fliiancially lit
elecled l.iauceed him. Slid for the t,, wJ,t clutrgS of the Stanf.n.l Mr new courts, Slid ..
,Hirposs ol electing a |>sriiianenl rial Church, Ths IsltartwiiUln* necessity II we s
|.re*idem a comnilttas ooneitting of the message which llliies*>ursrante«1 o|'|»rtttnlllee that
ll..y Iladley, IV. J.-Nellllg, Slid I |i, -Seitlnii** delive ring Irom the •pponsnls. thie i
Chas. Hodges was chosen. pulpit at the llmsol Kls rtaigna< w uulll and rsssti
Then in a csrriag* with a palm- t,on, ami na* written Irom hi* "'*' Ik"1 "' lh" u""
leaf waving oesi hi* bead, the In- imnmsr ho on I g lalsnd. It "Keeling tl -
umphsnl candidate mowsd on the ,„,,] curt ami rssllslni
■orortllas snd ftoblt Hall, whsrs lis "Through lbs paat twoor tbne |>o-"l*»l« '"' •''*•
made Ipsecbss. j JSSPJ I had grown increasingly i-ei- proctlis one, in il*
The new Fre*hin*n prrahleiil < auatle-il that my .tteiigth waa Iteing ('■nidilimi. I hav.
rrgt*lei. from Usurer, hut |irepaieil,,V(ir|MSf J and that il no longer "nbrt-Hj.li.ni list
f..r college in the high *ch»nl est j MtiHi«.-*jxI todo juallct to ths Work III s f^ tjourt can
Sashtlife,Tetin. Aiis-nl." I'sriab, At the endol spiwliitscomm
—.-— | la.I year mo* I nnex)-e.tedlv tl... in IWl cuiiti-ns. Alter the Itu lie 111 ihe title nl -'hainiii
■ehadals Ohsagea ■esisstt ; viiat came to me tosccept ihe '|r"t Imdy ha* had the matter em Csllfornla l-ef..re
(7r«l.—Course I, transferred ttilposlll I rreacher in ihe newly brought t" ii- stUnltoii In idle tournament, and he h
daily, 1:30, room —; cnurse 4, erecteil UitlvsrsHy I'hiuch of the msnner, I sea no rsasoii wh> ».. ths ebatuplonablp >•
transferred to T^Th., 10:1ft, room Lslsitd Slsnford Jr. Uulvsrslty, lo •'*'"■"• '■ ■
S'J. prSSOll l» the hundred, of SOUIlg ""ll*"
ftVrmtin. Cniirrp I, new -.-• : men nnd young women ualhering
daily, S IA. room 1.13; course 'in,' in thi* K'eat 1'niversitv, to help 1
transferred In M. IV., F.. D:l6,|lhus In Ihe forii.almii nt their rh.tr Mr.
room 133. aetsrs, In the (ormstlve psrind ol Urucl
ttomanit fjdaoiiasei Course 3. life, in have a thsra hlmg maul,
Irsnsfsrrsd tott.,K.,8:lft,womtW;jlhs men ami women Mho are to dnyal
rntir-e .1, trniiaferre.l l» M , IV., t , l.tnl.l nur a lertnl WesUm em on Mi
11:1ft. room t(; course I-', Iran*- plrs this presented lltell to me si ada, where life earl j educatl
fe.ied I.. T., Th.. J* IS. mom 13.fan huimiing w.,rk in which a.ijoi.e obtained
rotir-s IT, lransferie.1 1..M.W ,F. might rej.th-r lUfors going sltfoarl in I
10:19, room 161. "Ths nature ol ibis mliitstry.wlili studied art ana sesr In Boa
Ht,;l„K Lilttaturt.' Course 8,|lla sssmptlon from parochial re- ths pritata rttwlo of Usorgi
rection ft. iraiialerretl I.. T, Hi. spnneihilltlea, appears to provide letl. now head of the Boat'
11:1ft, room 10. course IA, irana- me a work within lha limits ol my Club klr.Koyssepenl four years in
lerrsd tn M. W., B:tfi, rooni 60; ilrsDgtb, snd ths change at cllmala ths best studios nl I'aria, under the
gle. tnnli-li between Kire-
>ne side ,.f Ihe net.'man am) IV, It. t'.dlier nf San Frail-
•i 1. an unfair ....e. oia ,. reelerday resulted in a walk-
acourt Ucracked, orei lor Freeman, Kreeman «»*
oflharsarbovsr- the favorite candidate, but *ueh s
declslss mull wss hardlv eipecte-l,
ody lentil so eltu- The final aoors was 8-0,0-4, fl B
l.i.'t it can bulbl Die only match Id which Kree-
m-a court* srsi n waaanaqccasalul w«* in lbs
git* our men the mixed doubles Saturday, when he,
ledour vt.iI, Mi*. Vi..|et Mutton, wa. delta court ahould feated hy Hell and Mi.* Cisbrlelle
red for ihe uae ol llubblna by a more of 7 (t, (,-•>.
ni* squsd. Freeman, whose boms la in Pas-
.easily [ot . new a.leii*, nan a meml-er ol Sip tun Ithn
K thai it i- un- Kta, lion Helta Knppa K|»ilnn.
atudent bodjr to lie was a notsbls Stanlord alblete.
•■ resent financial in ihttl he won nwentcr* In football,
Isoldsd to aUfts baashall, tennis, and irsck—th*
For ah..i.l fl7'i only iumi who ever rejiresenled
.e limit I .hall Mauford successfully in all four
Inn al un. e lo *o. nlhletic denai tmeiita. He already
leld the title of ohsmpion of South*
r NeyM
iched the
Ihe | r
l'oi ruling upon ye*ten)ay'*
gams, the Chramidt saSa:
a. j "It waa L-'tiK-eded by everyone
taw in.'that Freeman played a wonderful
Icjiarl-'gume He i- timlniihledly
ids
I
iliesl players evt-raeen here,
nejstl work ■*,lt' ''•" *mashing overhead work
r, of Can- oould not U impmrcd. Hi* g.e,.l
.mi,ltd on l.v tl...*.- Mint saw him
In inn ha play with Stanford against Itt-tke-
Wstos, 1)3. it]*.
■■..I II*
itrnumg i"> |miwsi
glee
of inch me
l.ideti*,
Sa-cond Fotitlmll Practice
flCslIoil.aiidJ. Hlam-he. Hi**ludi
' the
There
umber ol i
light im rr-.i-.' iu
i liiruiiiej out for
"" y"' I " " m-'k "" *"| I'1''"-"'-1 I;* travel- ,,„,,uli prie|iealsSl night Carl
Q-ri. in many lantl* He »Is J led ll.ly ... s| iUf ,(Mik ^ mm ,„ ,||P„Vi,. „„.
una 10, iranslsrrsd t» T.. Th,. and ih
B:lft,roomftO; coursa 10a, W., K.,lheiiaol
1*30, room S3; curs* iu, trana- wulkft.
ferred to M , \V , F, 1016, room S
r7d.ra(ir«.-Cour»e I. addlU-.nal ««*•• IMl.and aga. IBM; patniati . ,.hr ,irw „,.,,,,.( fi.w. wrjB(|-
secih.n. K, 0:1ft, room M; courts ^sn^-aiasi.t oIMl»KdIII. \lpuUn U-i--..,- .lur.-jr the u .^ litl, fpw ti. ,,,, I1(ell
U.lrai.-ferred I" M.. W , K, I* 15, Hnnl.nr.1 8ai. FrancUco t.. «f0i„n| iv»vt,aml did considerable bU . „ -,,„„ .v_ 1I)irk _ vnata,
room I'll; cursr 13. iran-ferrrd to John I' Bprecksls, Jr.es-04. wss «,„k n, Mean-, in 1807 and I SOT , . . *,„ |jf. ^ i.,MMt tl.rasitarlit-us
W.. F. II I.'...-.... 10 m«d*.luring the .tn e,. [„ ,*.j („ axhlUlsd In the Pari* ^iMUWn Umlrr ihe .lirecli.,.. of
/,..',.■..- foune IQs.trstistsrrcd - "I'n-k" I'nlver, V.", who ha* Salon, ana baa ssblntad annually j.|JKrf ,,,,1 processor lowers *ome
t» T. Th, 'J. 16. cha|vel; emirsr 4.'he*n vi*iting friend* .... ihe cam* 1» the Boston Arl Club, the Phil- j^.,, Jn -.uj.,. ,,„ ,hr |„,|j wtrT
IratuUrred to M. W F„ 10:15, ptu, lias returned t.. 1.- Angela* adalnhia Academy, and In ihe In- .ffn rjbn>*h Slaker oMaMtsnaad
Ub S*m. K inker .- r-erto. I f»r ihe I...- -Itliitr ofAmerican AftUU .0 Nsw ftossslf SS eWriaa lbs apiwarance
KtmMtmStA. t'"U." Vi, Iran- A..«ele- f/rrafd Wk He ha- ,„.l..re. on «bibi- rfamr*d. |,rK,r ,„miUr of players
ferred to 1.. Tb.. '.< I ft, room : :. riMSlttdsnUot the Mechanical tloo now ... Chicago and U..rc«- ,,.,,„ tilf f.^i,,,,,,, ,]».,
cnurse 14. iran.ferrrd t.. T.. Tit.. Eogioearing det*rta*snl are at Ur. Maes. —
•*:!.'•, Lib Sem K . course Iti, Iran* praaoat employed in ere. tins the Mr SojTSS ssskss a *|»cially "f K«til>Kij|a*.'i CVrt'aasa.—Courses
ferred to M . W F . '.* 15, r.^'i.t 2 t. machinery In lbs machlns (bops, Isiedecapa and figure painting in WtMtdw.irKing and laltem-niak-
t.-iir-e Vi-.'. T.lli , 10 l.'i, n-.m •.I) which sra Uing rapidly t*)ulppsd rfems ol hi* i t retenl work ba* ing (M. K. It ami !'•) will l*(-in
hi* - CoareS '.*. iransfeiird to The ileaift engine laMCalory I* fa*l baSSI with marina new. At |.r»-- Monday, B*-ptsmlaSf 15th. Until
M , W , F , 1 ■> ■ IS, i I naariag eoSBpTetion, ami the shopa eol hi- clauses are drawing the head Mr. Stanley'* rsCAtwrf Mes*rs. Cot-
I'nrr Mmtkrmmtif Conns IS, mads ■ temporsr] -lart yeaterda* from life. bars snd llawson will conduct ibe
ir*ii*lerte,it.. r . li. .* i:.,r.-.tu la* it.iiiiiii.b Pending lbs cnmplst I *. i - i* I.:* first raadtioa si a work under tbs awjasral sapstrkioa
dmfW Jfaffceaaalitt ("<.ui*** I. ■■( a rtecewsary part "f 'he equip taacbti ■■! drawing. I .it Mr Sojea ..f PiofaSaor Browne. All stmlem*
»»-tli..nI, iratislerrnl l>> dailr. ■> l'>, BTttot Pnjlss«u| Haddock will uka i. by mi means a notice in the art regi*|ereti for these enur*ea'will
room II; cur** I, new r4*4*on lbs etadenU of Ibe department on uf i..«tr...-tnig. I^»t year be had a kindly rei-.rl at their fir»t ached-
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Half of Vermont Academic and Public Libraries Lack Written Confidentiality Policies Despite Directors’ Support for Principles of Patron Confidentiality. A Review of: Magi, Trina J., “The Gap between Theory and Practice: A Study of the Prevalence and Strength of Patron Confidentiality Policies in Public and Academic Libraries.” Library & Information Science Research 29 (2007): 455-70.
No full textObjectives – To examine the prevalence and strength of patron confidentiality policies and practices at academic and public libraries in Vermont; to examine variances in policies by type and size of library and by qualifications of library directors; and to examine the level of support among Vermont library directors for strengthening state law to clarify that personally identifiable information about library patrons is confidential and should only be released with a court order.Design – Survey (non-randomized) of 213 library directors.Setting – Academic and public libraries in Vermont (USA).Subjects – The initial audience was defined to be the directors of the 213 academic and public libraries in Vermont (as the persons to whom the survey was directed). Ultimately, results from 149 returned surveys were used as a basis for analysis. In addition, a written report of the information gathered was provided to the governing bodies of the Vermont Department of Libraries and the Vermont Library Association. The author also anticipates that the results of the survey will be of general interest to academic and public librarians.Methods – A literature review of previous research on library policies and practices regarding patron confidentiality was completed. As well, the author examined the various state and federal laws and library association codes of ethics which address issues of the confidentiality of library patron data. A paper questionnaire was mailed on January 11, 2006, to directors of 188 municipal and incorporated public libraries (including 11 combined public and school libraries) and 25 college and university libraries, for a total of 213 libraries targeted. Cover letters explaining the purpose of the study and assuring respondents of the confidentiality of their responses were included in the mailing. The contact information came from a list supplied by the Vermont Department of Libraries. The questionnaire had previously been tested by five librarians from the aforementioned list, and slight changes had been made to clarify questions and instructions. Survey respondents were given an initial deadline of February 1, 2006, but responses were received and included through March 13, 2006. Various tactics were used to boost response rates, including electronic discussion list announcements, usage of pre-addressed stamped return envelopes, usage of personalized address information and a personal signature by the researcher on the cover letter, reminder postcards, and a coupon for free ice cream. One hundred and fifty-one questionnaires were returned. Two questionnaires were returned incomplete, and were removed from both the target population and the responses, leaving a total of 149 out of 211 possible responses and a response rate of 71%. For this response rate, all calculations were determined to have a margin of error of +/-4.4% with 95% confidence. The survey was constructed to address five research questions, as detailed below:1) How many requests for personally identifiable patron information have libraries received in the past year, and from whom did those inquiries come?2) How many libraries have a written confidentiality policy, and what are the characteristics of libraries and library directors that have policies?3) How current are those policies?4) How many policies prohibit release of patron information without acourt order or other binding legal document (e.g., subpoena or search warrant)? How many policies call for attorney review of any such court orders or other binding legal documents?5) Do librarians support the idea of strengthening the state law relating to confidentiality of library records?The questions were closed-ended in order to allow responses to be coded and easily analyzed, although space was provided forrespondents to offer additional comments. Though a deadline of February 1, 2006 was set, responses were received as late as March 13, 2006. Person’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to measure statistical significance of differences among various respondent groups. Main Results – The survey respondents estimated that they received a minimum of 1,228 requests for patron information within the past year, and 46% of libraries had received at least one such request. Academic libraries, which made up 13% of the sample,received 11% of requests. These queries included requests for personally identifiable information about patron reading interests,use of library materials and use of services. It was not possible to accurately quantify requests received because many respondents indicated that their library had received numerous requests, and did not supply specific numbers; in such cases, there was generally no indication that the library kept track of such requests. (and perhaps did not themselves track such requests). Of interest was the finding that because of gag order provisions in laws such as the PATRIOT Act, which prohibit librarians from reporting that such requests forinformation have even been made, it is likely that requests made by law enforcement agencies are under-reported. However, according to the responses to the survey, 90% of total inquiries came not from law enforcement officials, but from parents, guardians, spouses, or partners of library patrons or from teachers or professors of library patrons. In academic libraries, 60% of requests were received from teachers or professors of patrons. Only 1% of total requests were reported as coming from law enforcement officials. Additional groups making requests included college or university administrators (1% of total inquiries, exclusively in academic libraries); persons representing other government agencies but not law enforcement (0.3% of total inquiries, exclusively in public libraries); persons representing companies or non-governmental organizations (0.08%, one inquiry only, in a public library); and‘others’ (6% of total inquiries, all but one of which were at public libraries). ‘Others’ included the president of a friends group,caregivers of elderly or disabled or homebound patrons, friends or acquaintances of patrons, book group participants, and people picking up reserved materials. Despite heightened awareness of confidentiality issues (due to the PATRIOT Act and related heavily publicized legal actions), only 48% of survey respondents indicated that their library had written policies or procedures detailing how requests for personally identifiable information should be addressed. Fifty-six per cent of academic libraries had such policies, as compared to 47% of public libraries. Thirty-five per cent of libraries without such policies indicated that they were working on developing these policies or planned to create them within a year. As well, 64% of libraries whose directors hold MLS degrees or the Vermont Department of Libraries’ Certificate of Public Librarianship had confidentiality policies, as compared to 38% of libraries where the director held neither qualification. Data were also analyzed according to the number of years of experience that the library director had, but results obtained from this comparative analysis were not statistically significant. Thirty-six per cent of libraries with two or fewer paid personnel had written confidentiality policies, as compared to 41% of libraries with 3-5 paid personnel, 59% of libraries with 6-10 paid personnel, and 95%of libraries with 11 or more paid personnel. The policies tend to be up-to-date: of libraries with confidentiality policies, 46% had reviewed or updated their policy within the past year, and 86% had done so within the past three years. Of libraries with confidentiality policies, 86% require a court order or other bindinglegal document, such as a subpoena or search warrant, before they will release patron information. There were no statistically significant differences in this matter when data were analyzed according to library type, number of paid personnel, or years of experience of the library director or the number of paid library personnel, but there were differences when data were analyzed according to whether the library director held an MLS degree or Vermont Department of Libraries’ Certificate of Public Librarianship, or neither qualification. In libraries where the director held one of the above-mentioned qualifications, 93% required presentation of a binding legal document before permittingrelease of patron information; in libraries where the director held neither qualification, this fell to 58%. Fifty-two per cent of libraries with confidentiality policies required that an attorney review the binding legal documents requesting patron information before such information could be released. Libraries which were more likely to include such a provision in their policies includedlibraries in which the director held either an MLS degree or the Vermont Department of Libraries’ Certificate of Public Librarianship(62%, versus only 8% of libraries where the director holds neither qualification), and libraries with larger numbers of paid personnel (20% of libraries with 2 or fewer personnel had provisions requiring attorney review of binding legal documents, versus 79% of libraries with 3-5 paid personnel, 50% of libraries with 6-10 paid personnel,and 61% of libraries with 11 or more paid personnel). Finally, 74% of respondents supported strengthening Vermont law to enhance safeguards to confidentiality of library records. Twenty-five per cent stated that they would need more information before making a decision, and 1% stated that they would not support such changes. There was a statistically significant difference by library type: 83% of academic library directors supported strengthening the lawas described above, as compared to 73% of public library directors. The article also suggested that education and support should be directed at those libraries which have no confidentiality policy.Conclusion – In 2005, nearly half of Vermont academic and public library directors received at least one request for personally identifiable information about patrons’ use of library resources or services, and in total, at least 1,228 such requests were received. It is difficult to be sure about either the number or prevalence of such requests, as some laws, such as the PATRIOT Act, prohibit libraries from revealing that such inquiries have beenmade. However, only 1% of reported requests for such information were made by law enforcement agencies; it is far more common for requests to come from parents, guardians, spouses, partners, teachers, or professors of library patrons. Despite the number and prevalence of requests received, and despite heightened awarenessof patron confidentiality issues due to recent publicity on the topic of legal action taken by libraries as a result of requests forinformation made under the PATRIOT Act, fewer than half of the libraries studied have written policies or procedures addressinghow such requests should be handled. Of libraries that do have such policies, a large majority (86%) require presentation of abinding legal document before they will release patron information, and over half (52%) require attorney review of the binding legal document before they will comply with the request. A large majority (74%) of Vermont library directors also support strengthening state law to protect confidentiality of library records
RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS SYNDROME - RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
No full textObjective.-To further define the safety and efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (rhlL-1ra) in the treatment of sepsis syndrome. Study Design.-Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, multinational clinical trial. Population.-A total of 893 patients with sepsis syndrome received an intravenous loading dose of rhIL-1ra, 100 mg, or placebo followed by a continuous 72-hour intravenous infusion of rhIL-1ra (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg per hour) or placebo. Outcome Measure.-Twenty-eight-day all-cause mortality. Results.-There was not a significant increase in survival time for rhIL-1ra treatment compared with placebo among all patients who received the study medication (n=893; generalized Wilcoxon statistic, P=.22) or among patients with shock at study entry (n=713; generalized Wilcoxon statistic, P=.23), the two primary efficacy analyses specified a priori for this trial. Results from secondary analyses suggest an increase in survival time with rhIL-1ra treatment among patients with dysfunction of one or more organs (n=563; linear dose-response, P=.009). Retrospective analysis demonstrated an increase In survival time with rhIL-1ra treatment among patients with a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater (n=580; linear dose-response, P=.005) as well as among patients with both dysfunction of one or more organs and a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greater (n=411; linear dose-response, P=.002). Conclusions.-There was not a statistically significant increase in survival time for rhIL-1ra treatment compared with placebo among all patients who received the study medication or among patients with shock at study entry. Secondary and retrospective analyses of efficacy suggest that treatment with rhIL-1ra results in a dose-related increase in survival time among patients with sepsis who have organ dysfunction and/or a predicted risk of mortality of 24% or greate
Impact of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination on postoperative mortality in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection
No full text30-day postoperative mortality and the effects of hospital preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pooled analysis of prospective international cohort studiesResearch in context
No full textSummary: Background: Surgical services were poorly prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to widescale disruption to elective activity. This study aimed to identify actionable priorities to strengthen pandemic preparedness of surgical and hospital systems. Methods: This study pooled data from three international, prospective cohort studies including patients who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in the seven days before or within 30 days after surgery. Patients were included across four pandemic time periods: Period 1 (January–May 2020), Period 2 (June–July 2020), Period 3 (October 2020), and Period 4 (December–March 2022). The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Hierarchical logistic regression models were developed to explore association between pandemic periods (primary analysis) and hospital-level preparedness (secondary analysis) on 30-day postoperative mortality. Hospital preparedness was classified in to poorly-, moderately-, and highly-prepared tertiles based on Surgical Preparedness Index (SPI) score. Findings: A total of 31,751 patients were included from 1589 hospitals and 102 countries. From Period 1 through to Period 4 there was a decrease in the proportion of patients aged ≥70 years and with ASA grades 3–5.30-day postoperative mortality fell from Period 1 (18.4% [1378/7502]), Period 2 (9.9% [219/2234], adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.78), Period 3 (10.5% [246/2427], aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.50–0.71), through to Period 4 (5.8% [1132/19,588], aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.30–0.37). During Period 4, SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated patients had lower mortality compared to unvaccinated patients (4.9% [603/12,361] versus 7.4% [529/7178], aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.42–0.57). Compared to poorly-prepared hospitals (11.2% [1019/9071]), moderately-prepared (9.4% [857/9071], aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75–0.94) and highly-prepared hospitals (5.8% [530/9071], aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.80) had lower mortality. Interpretation: Postoperative mortality decreased over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and was lower in better prepared hospitals. Hospitals are critical national infrastructure and strengthening their preparedness by developing formal pandemic plans, establishing patient and procedure prioritisation protocols, and ring-fencing surgical beds would ensure safer surgical care during future pandemics. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research, United Kingdom
