74 research outputs found
Situated impoliteness: the interface between relational work and identity construction
No full textThis chapter reports on ongoing research interest in relational work, and impoliteness in particular. The author's interest in impoliteness comes from her research focus on power and politeness in disagreements, where she looked at conflictual data (Locher, 2004). While research on politeness has beein going strong since the 1970s, research on impoliteness has only recently picked up momentum, as for example evidenced by the 2006 and 2009 conferences on impoliteness and rudeness in Huddersfield and Lancaster, the special issue of the Journal of Politeness Research (Bousfield and Culpeper, 2008), the first monograph on impoliteness (Bousfield, 2008a), and edited collections on rudeness and impoliteness (Gorji, 2007; Bousfield and Locher, 2008). A few early exceptions are Lachenicht (1980), Kienpointner (1997), Culpeper (1996) and Culpeper et al. (2003). Research on impoliteness is motivated by the sociological importance of tackling the perceived increasing problems of blatant rudeness and inconsiderateness which are said to negatively affect public life in Britain, as for example evidenced by Tony Blair's 'respect agenda', and as studied by Jonathan Culpeper (2006) in his ESRC research project on 'Impoliteness : using language to cause offence'. These topical reasons, along with an interest in the interpersonal side of communication most generally, have led the author to return her interest to conflictual behaviour and behaviour that might be deemed rude or impolite
Potential transmission routes of Dichelobacter nodosus.
No full textFootrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus is a highly contagious bacterial disease affecting the claw of sheep and the main cause of lameness in these animals. It is not only an economic burden but also a serious animal welfare issue. More information about the transmission of D. nodosus is needed for effective footrot control programs. We therefore determined the prevalence of D. nodosus in sheep presented at shows and markets where commingling of animals occurs. Furthermore, possible transmission vectors during foot trimming were investigated and trimming knife decontamination protocols evaluated. Sheep at six markets and four shows were sampled and tested for the presence of D. nodosus by real-time PCR. Different vectors, such as trimming knives were tested by real-time PCR and for viable D. nodosus by culture. The prevalence of virulent D. nodosus in sheep presented at shows and markets ranged from 1.7% to 100%. Regions with an ongoing control program showed significantly lower prevalence. After trimming, positive real-time PCR and culture results were obtained from the knives, the hands of the claw trimmers as well as removed claw horn material whereas boots were only positive by real-time PCR. In conclusion, markets and shows pose a risk for transmission of D. nodosus. The risk of transmission is particularly high during claw trimming and recommended measures to limit this risk include wiping the knife with a disinfection towel, wearing and changing gloves after every sheep, as well as proper disposal of trimmed and infectious horn
Greyville School District No. 3836 - 04
No full textPhotograph - Parents and students and Greyville School's first picnic near Athabasca, Alberta.ATS 15-67-23-W4. Left, front: Mrs. Locher and babyLocher, Mrs
Detection of specific Treponema species and Dichelobacter nodosus from digital dermatitis (Mortellaro's disease) lesions in Swiss cattle.
No full textINTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the three Treponema species as well as D. nodosus in Digital dermatitis (DD) and slurry of Swiss cattle using PCR. A total of 86 specimens from 24 farms were enrolled in the study. Slurry samples from 21 DD-affected and one unaffected farm were collected to assess the potential of environmental transmission. Nested and real-time PCR were performed from the specimens to detect Treponema species and D. nodosus, respectively. The DD-stages were positive for at least one or more of the DD-associated Treponema species in 50 of 61 cases (82.0%) and in 9 of 25 cases (36.0%) in unaffected animals. Infected animals with small focal active lesions showed a significantly lower prevalence (14.8%) compared to the other DD stages (67.2%; P=0.011). Most prevalent was T. phagedenis (65.1%). D. nodosus was detected in 51.8% of clinical DD lesions and 24.1% in unaffected cases, but its presence was not significantly associated with the various DD-stages. All samples positive for D. nodosus contained the acid protease gene aprB2 but were negative for aprV2, the latter associated with virulence in sheep foot rot. Control farms were negative for all DD-associated Treponema species while positive for aprB2 and negative for aprV2. The presence of aprB2 suggests it is ubiquitous in the animal environment. With respect to the slurry samples, three out of 21 specimens (14.3%) were positive for one or more of the DD-associated Treponema species and eleven out of 21 specimens (52.4%) were positive for aprB2 and negative for aprV2 of D. nodosus. In conclusion, an association was found between the presence of clinical DD and specific Treponema species, while for D. nodosus no such link with DD lesions could be observed
Pooling of interdigital swab samples for PCR detection of virulent Dichelobacter nodosus.
No full textVirulent ovine foot rot is a contagious foot disease. Given the development and validation of a real-time PCR to detect Dichelobacter nodosus isolates that contain the virulence-associated protease genes aprV2 and aprB2, the diagnosis of foot rot has made considerable progress. We evaluated pooling methods to reduce the number of samples during a foot rot control program. Samples of individual feet were compared to a 4-feet sample of the same sheep. All further analyses based on 4-feet samples (pools-of-5 and pools-of-10 4-feet samples) were compared to samples of individual sheep, and a risk-based herd sampling was evaluated and compared to the whole flock. The sensitivity and specificity of the 4-feet samples for detection of aprV2-positive strains was 93.8% (CI: 87.6-97.5%) and 98.3% (CI: 96.5-99.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the pools-of-10 was 86.7% (CI: 78.4-92.7%) and 100.0% (CI: 97.4-100%), respectively. Pools-of-5 were not significantly more sensitive than pools-of-10. The pooling of 4 individual foot samples into one 4-feet sample is an adequate method to reduce the number of samples of individual sheep. The sensitivity of pools-of-5 and pools-of-10 is too imprecise for a control program. Risk-based sampling allowed for a substantial reduction of samples to be tested, had a sensitivity of 95.8% (CI: 78.9-99.9%) and specificity of 100.0% (CI: 88.1-100.0%) when determining the foot rot flock status, and represents an adequate methodology to predict within-flock freedom from infection
Early Infection Dynamics of Dichelobacter nodosus During an Ovine Experimental Footrot In Contact Infection
No full textOvine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus is a highly contagious and painful disease representing an economic as well as an animal welfare problem. In order to get more information on the infection dynamics, 26 lambs and 4 ewes enrolled in an in-contact infection trial were monitored over two weeks for the presence of D. nodosus-specific DNA. Two D. nodosus-positive ewes were housed together with 13 confirmed negative lambs. The control group consisted of another 13 lamb siblings and two confirmed D. nodosus-negative ewes. Every foot of all sheep was sampled seven times over the two weeks experiment period and subsequently analyzed for the presence of D. nodosus by quantitative real-time PCR. The control group was negative at the beginning and the end of the experiment and showed no clinical symptoms of footrot. The two positive ewes showed a high, but hundred fold differing level of virulent D. nodosus that remained constant over time with one of the ewes being also weakly positive for benign D. nodosus. All lambs of the infection group were positive for virulent D. nodosus at 14 days post infection (dpi). The first positive animals were observed on 3 dpi. The D. nodosus load remained at a low level and only increased in a few lambs at the end of the trial. Five of the contact lambs showed suspicious clincal signs (score 1-2) at 14 dpi corroborating the PCR results and indicating that the disease starts as early as two weeks after contact with positive sheep
A survey of biomedical journals to detect editorial bias and nepotistic behavior
No full textAU Alongside: Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly the growing concerns regarding predatory journal : growth, other questionable editorial practices have gained visibility recently. Among them, we explored the usefulness of the Percentage of Papers by the Most Prolific author (PPMP) and the Gini index (level of inequality in the distribution of authorship among authors) as tools to identify journals that may show favoritism in accepting articles by specific authors. We examined whether the PPMP, complemented by the Gini index, could be useful for identifying cases of potential editorial bias, using all articles in a sample of 5,468 biomedical journals indexed in the National Library of Medicine. For articles published between 2015 and 2019, the median PPMP was 2.9%, and 5% of journal exhibited a PPMP of 10.6% or more. Among the journals with the highest PPMP or Gini index values, where a few authors were responsible for a disproportionate number of publications, a random sample was manually examined, revealing that the most prolific author was part of the editorial board in 60 cases (61%). The papers by the most prolific authors were more likely to be accepted for publication within 3 weeks of their submission. Results of analysis on a subset of articles, excluding nonresearch articles, were consistent with those of the principal analysis. In most journals, publications are distributed across a large number of authors. Our results reveal a subset of journals where a few authors, often members of the editorial board, were responsible for a disproportionate number of publications. To enhance trust in their practices, journals need to be transparent about their editorial and peer review practices
Review Of Traditional Japanese Architecture : An Exploration Of Elements And Forms By M. Locher
No full textThis is in substance a handbook on the constructional elements of Japanese buildings, seemingly compiled from the architect-author\u27s notebook. This volume by Locher (Univ. of Utah) would be handier if done in catalog format; presented as a narrative, it is tediously repetitive from section to section in providing highly useful information. The text eschews any theoretical, historical, anthropological, or cultural discourse, except in very general terms, e.g., Japanese architecture\u27s intimate relationship to nature. But it describes architectural components thoroughly, exactingly, and lovingly--identifying them all with Japanese terms. Stunningly beautiful full-color photographs, especially of details--several on every page--are meant to illustrate the text, but their use is not consistent. Many of the photographs, though tersely described, are not fully identified; the book does not provide a list of illustrations. Overall, this is a delightful book of photographs and a useful, if not always user-friendly, guide for Japanophile architects and designers. Summing Up: Recommended. Professionals/practitioners and general readers
The development of a reliable and valid scale to measure aesthetic pleasure in design
No full textThere is a lack of consistency regarding the scales used to measure aesthetic pleasure. They are often chosen ad hoc or derived from other research fields but never validated for design. Moreover, those scales often do not measure aesthetic pleasure in isolation, but instead include its determinants (e.g., novelty). Therefore, we developed a scale to measure aesthetic pleasure. We also included scales to measure determinants known to influence aesthetic pleasure for discriminant validity purposes. In the exploratory phase, we identified highly reliable items representative of aesthetic pleasure and its determinants across product categories. In the validation phase, we confirmed these findings across different countries (Australia, Netherlands). Apart from the theoretical contribution, this research has practical implications for guiding designers.Industrial DesignIndustrial Design Engineerin
Farm-level risk factors for digital dermatitis in dairy cows in mountainous regions.
No full textReduction of risk factors for bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is crucial in current disease control. However, risk factors that might arise especially in mountainous regions are unknown until now, and an adapted BDD control program is consequently missing. The objective of this observational case-control study was to identify farm-level risk factors for BDD in dairy herds in mountainous regions. To investigate predictors for the occurrence of BDD, 100 farms were visited and information about herd characteristics and management practices, potentially relevant explanatory variables for either introduction or establishment of BDD, were gathered by completing a questionnaire with the farmer or herd manager. Within-herd prevalences of BDD assessed during 3 routine claw trimmings with an interval of 6 mo before the survey were used to define cases (BDD within-herd prevalence of ≥26% during each claw trimming) and controls (no BDD cases in each of the 3 routine claw trimmings before the survey). Data were analyzed using 2 separate binomial generalized linear models according to either establishment or introduction of BDD. After prescreening, 15 of 23 explanatory variables were included in the final analysis, which showed 3 variables related to introduction and establishment, each being significantly associated with the occurrence of BDD within a farm. Results of model 1 (i.e., aspects related to BDD introduction) revealed that access to mountain pastures during the summer season (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.04-0.35), participation in dairy shows (0.32, 0.11-0.94), and the number of new animals introduced into the farm during the last 2 yr (1.28, 1.12-1.52) were significantly associated with the occurrence of BDD. Model 2 (i.e., aspects related to BDD establishment) showed that cows kept in freestalls were at higher risk for BDD compared with those kept in tiestalls (20.65, 1.59-649.37). Furthermore, number of days between diagnosis and treatment of a BDD lesion (10.31, 3.55-81.21) and the amount of concentrate feeding (median 5 kg) per cow and day (7.72, 2.46-6.47) were positively associated with BDD occurrence. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide a set of risk factors that are associated with BDD status within herds in mountainous regions. These results may help in development of adapted control programs for BDD in dairy cows
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