684 research outputs found
Kuhn y la historiografía de la ciencia en el campo CTS
No full textThis paper examines the wide spreading that the work of Thomas Kuhn The structure of scientific revolutions (1962) has had in the historiographic field of science. Firstly, there is a historical contextualization of the appearance of his work towards the middle of the 20th century. Secondly, the author of this paper analyzes the impact of his work in the development of the studies about Science, Technology and Society (STS). This paper highlights the importance that Kuhn’s work had for the development of a new historiography of science in the STS field of study, where a predominant sociological orientation is verified.Este trabajo examina la amplia difusión que ha tenido la obra de Thomas Kuhn, La Estructura de las Revoluciones Científicas (1962), en el campo historiográfico de la ciencia. En primer lugar, se realiza una contextualización histórica de la aparición de su obra hacia mediados del siglo XX. En segundo lugar se analiza el impacto de su obra en el desarrollo de los estudios sobre Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS). En su conjunto, el trabajo destaca la importancia que ha tenido la obra de Kuhn para el desarrollo de una nueva historiografía de la ciencia dentro del campo de estudio CTS, donde se verifica una orientación sociológica predominante
Italian multicentre study of peroneal mononeuropathy at the fibular head: study design and preliminary results
No full textBACKGROUND: The most common entrapment in the lower extremity is peroneal mononeuropathy (PM) at the fibular head. Several studies of this condition have been published but, until now, no wide multicenter clinical-neurophysiological studies on PM are available. In recent years, multicenter studies have been suggested; moreover it is commonly accepted that a multiperspective approach provides more comprehensive results. METHOD: The Italian CTS and other entrapments Study Group has designed a strict clinical and neurophysiological protocol to carry out a wide multicentre study on PM at the fibular head. In addition to traditional clinical-neurophysiological evaluation, the group has also adopted validated disability and patient-oriented measurements in order to obtain more comprehensive and reliable data about this entrapment. The study was designed: 1) to identify predisposing factors; 2) to better assess the clinical picture; 3) to evaluate relationships between etiological, clinical and neurophysiological findings; 4) to evaluate the natural evolution of the entrapment. Study design is described. FINDINGS: During the period from November 2002 to January 2004, 69 patients were enrolled consecutively in eleven Italian centres. Our preliminary data show that PM involves men more frequently than women (M:F = 3.9:1). With regard to the predisposing factors, PM is idiopathic (16%) or due to surgery (21.7%), prolonged posture (23.2%), weight loss (14.5%), external compression (5.8%), arthrogenic cyst at the fibula (1.4%), trauma (10.1%); it also occurred in bedridden patients (7.3%). Unexpectedly, peroneal nerve lesions were due not only to surgical operation close to the peroneal region, but were also associated with thoracic-abdominal surgery. Usually PM involves both terminal branches; patients complain of motor deficit in 99.5% of cases, sensory symptoms in 87.9% and pain in 19.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results provide some interesting information and confirm the usefulness of multicentre and multiperspective studies to standardise the approach to nerve entrapment
Italian multicentre study of peroneal mononeuropathy: Multiperspective follow-up
No full textThe main objective of this study is to assess the course of peroneal mononeuropathy (PM). The study design includes Clinical and Prospective study. The setting involves neurophysiological Service. From November 2002 to January 2004, we enroled 69 consecutive patients and prospectively followed up 49 patients with multiple measurements. Comparison was made between follow-up and baseline values, and baseline factors were used to predict the PM evolution in multiple regression analysis. At follow-up, we observed a significant improvement of all clinical, neurophysiological and disability measurements, and physical aspects of quality of life (QoL). Greater muscle strength of tibialis anterior and higher conduction velocity of peroneal nerve at baseline were seen to be positive prognostic factors. A better evolution of mental aspects of QoL was observed in the subacute group and in younger patients, while a better physical evolution in QoL was observed in women. Rehabilitation is ambiguously associated with a better Deambulation Index but lower ratings in mental aspects of QoL. In conclusion, PM shows a positive spontaneous course and rehabilitation seems to help the recovery of deambulation. Further studies on the effects of conventional rehabilitation are needed. © Springer-Verlag 200
Italian Multicentre Study of carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical-neurophysiological picture and diagnostic pathway in 461 patients and differences between the populations enrolled in the northern, central and southern centres
No full textThe economic trend in our country, as in other countries, now requires us to pay more attention to the social and economic aspects of health. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the diagnostic pathway and the socioeconomic aspects of pathologies. The Italian CTS Study Group performed a wide multicentre and multidimensional study (through a patient-, physician- and neurophysiologically oriented evaluation) on 461 idiopathic CTS patients to evaluate the clinical-neurophysiological picture and the diagnostic pathway. The whole population and the differences between the populations enrolled in the neurophysiological centres of the northern, central and southern parts of Italy were analysed. This study provided new and interesting information. As concerns the whole population, we observed different diagnostic pathways in relation to the level of schooling. As concerns the comparison of the populations, the southern centres have a population of CTS patients with higher frequency of hand stress and more severe nerve impairment
Textile and Clothing Safeguards: from the ATC to the Future
No full textThe Agreement on Textiles and Clothing established the textile and clothing safeguards regime from 1995 to 2004. The current safeguards regime for these products is defined in terms of the Agreement on Safeguards, the China Textile Safeguards, and the China Product-specific Safeguards. This article examines each of these three current safeguard options and assesses them in terms of a number of relevant dimensions. It also reviews safeguard actions to date to provide a sense of continued managed trade in this area.managed trade, protectionism, safeguards, textiles and clothing, International Relations/Trade,
Usefulness of segmental and comparative tests in the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: the Italian multicenter study. Italian CTS Study Group
No full textThe Italian CTS Study Group performed a wide multicentric and multiparametric study to quantify the increase of electrodiagnostic sensitivity using an extended neurophysiological protocol and particularly segmental and comparative tests. The study also evaluated the clinical features of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) diagnosed by these tests, using validated physician- and patient-oriented measurements. The study group was composed of 740 patients for a total of 1123 idiopathic CTS hands. Overall, the sensitivity of standard tests (median digit-wrist sensory conduction velocity and wrist-thenar distal motor latency) was 83.5%. Comparative/segmentai tests disclosed abnormal findings in a further 11.4% of cases, providing CTS electrodiagnosis in about 7 of 10 "standard negative" cases. The overall sensitivity of the electrodiagnostic protocol was 94.9%. The CTS population diagnosed by segmentai/comparative tests had a clinical picture characterized by a high percentage of pain, and severe discomfort but no limitation in functional daily activity. Our data confirm the usefulness of a complete neurophysiological assessment by using segmentai/comparative tests when standard tests yield normal results. © Springer-Verlag 1999
Sociedades de conhecimentos e valores: o projeto de León Olivé
No full textThis paper analyzes the evolution of León Olivé’s thought from his first contributions to epistemology to his important contributions to STS studies. It also highlights his contributions to the social philosophy of science and to the axiology of science and technology, and refers to some of the main collaborations between Olivé and the author of this work as promoters of Ibero- American knowledge-based communities. Finally, it highlights the importance of the Euro- Mexican project promoted by Olivé around knowledge societies and cultural diversity.Este artículo analiza la evolución del pensamiento de León Olivé desde sus primeras contribuciones a la epistemología hasta sus importantes aportaciones a los estudios CTS. Asimismo, subraya sus contribuciones a la filosofía social de la ciencia y a la axiología de la ciencia y la tecnología y hace referencia a algunas de las principales colaboraciones entre Olivé y el autor de este trabajo como impulsores de comunidades iberoamericanas de conocimiento. Al final, se destaca la importancia del proyecto euro-mexicano que impulsó Olivé en torno a las sociedades de conocimientos y la diversidad cultural.Este artigo analisa a evolução do pensamento de León Olivé desde suas primeiras contribuições para a epistemologia até as importantes contribuições para os estudos CTS. Também destaca a sua contribuição para a filosofia social da ciência e para a axiologia da ciência e a tecnologia, e cita algumas das principais colaborações entre Olivé e o autor deste trabalho como fomentadores de comunidades ibero-americanas de conhecimento. Por último, salienta-se a importância do projeto euro-mexicano promovido por Olivé em relação às sociedades de conhecimento e à diversidade cultural
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Ideal Model to Compare Patients, Psysician-and Neurophysiological Oriented Outcomes-Italian Multicenterric Study of CTS (1123 Hands)
No full textBackground: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a very common disease (10% life-time risk of developing this pathology) and has a particular clinical-instrumental pattern: clinical diagnosis is usually easy and sensitive, so it is considered the gold standard test, but in most cases clinical diagnosis is only based on history and on referred symptoms while clinical examination is normal. On the other hand neurophysiological evaluation is a very sensitive diagnostic method (<95%) and it is now considered fundamental to confirm the clinical diagnosis.
Methods: The "Italian CTS Study Group" has performed a wide multicentric study (20 centres) on 1123 idiopathic CTS hands through a large and multi-prospective evaluation. A thorough assessment was obtained through: 1) the patient-oriented measurement by a validated self-administered questionnaire (Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire - using the validated Italian version); 2) the physician-oriented evaluation (an historical-objective scale was used); 3) the neuropysiological evaluation (according to the neurophysiological classification and following the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine guidelines).
Results and conclusion: New and interesting data were observed: male and female CTS differences, the different behaviours of symptoms and hand function in relation to the nerve impairment etc. Some of the results have confirmed some commonly-accepted data, conclusively assessing it with a well-represented population and using validated measurements. Moreover, such an amount of data disclosed new interesting relationships. The clinical-neurophysiological assessment, never performed before in such a wide population, appeared extremely consistent and especially the patient-oriented measurement of CTS provides interesting information. Vice versa, CTS appeared as an ideal model to evaluate the importance of different parameters for outcome assessment
CTS Report (February 2009)
No full textArticles in this issue: Best-selling author to give spring luncheon presentation; University to study low-carbon fuel standard; Value Capture study workshop in March; Energy uncertainties: supply chain impacts in the Upper Midwest; U of M leadership evident at TRB annual meeting; Transportation workforce faces shortage; Staffing updateCenter for Transportation Studies. (2009). CTS Report (February 2009). Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/164017
Políticas, investigações e práticas em Educação CTS: um panorama brasileiro
No full textThe text is a synthesis of the exposition presented by the author during the third-round table of the Ibero-American STS Seminar, basically approaching two aspects. The first in relation to the political dimension of the movement and its connections with the Latin American Thought STS; and the second related to research and practices developed by the community of researchers linked to STS Education in Brazil.El texto es una síntesis de la exposición presentada por el autor durante la tercera mesa redonda del Seminario Iberoamericano CTS, abordando básicamente dos aspectos. El primero en relación a la dimensión política del movimiento y sus conexiones con el Pensamiento Latinoamericano CTS; y el segundo relacionado con investigaciones y prácticas desarrolladas por la comunidad de investigadores vinculados a la Educación CTS en Brasil.O texto é uma síntese da exposição apresentada pelo autor durante a terceira mesa redonda do Seminário Ibero-Americano CTS, abordando basicamente dois aspectos. O primeiro em relação à dimensão política do Movimento CTS e suas conexões com o Pensamento Latino-Americano CTS (PLACTS); e o segundo relacionado com as pesquisas e práticas desenvolvidas pela comunidade de pesquisadores ligados à Educação CTS no Brasil
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