76 research outputs found
Serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the dorsal raphe are differentially altered in a mouse model for parkinsonism
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor impairments caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition to these symptoms, PD patients often suffer from non-motor comorbidities including sleep and psychiatric disturbances, which are thought to depend on concomitant alterations of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission. A primary locus of serotonergic neurons is the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), providing brain-wide serotonergic input. Here, we identified electrophysiological and morphological parameters to classify serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the murine DRN under control conditions and in a PD model, following striatal injection of the catecholamine toxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Electrical and morphological properties of both neuronal populations were altered by 6-OHDA. In serotonergic neurons, most changes were reversed when 6-OHDA was injected in combination with desipramine, a noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor, protecting the noradrenergic terminals. Our results show that the depletion of both NA and dopamine in the 6-OHDA mouse model causes changes in the DRN neural circuitry.Funder Grant reference number Author:
Knut och Alice
Wallenbergs Stiftelse
KAW 2017.0273 Gilad Silberberg
Hjärnfonden FO2021-0333 Gilad Silberberg
Vetenskapsrådet 2019-01254 Gilad Silberberg
Vetenskapsrådet 2020-06365 Yvonne Johansson
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 848002 Raffaella Tonini, Rosario Moratalla, Gilberto Fisone and Gilad Silberberg
Vetenskapsrådet 2019-01170 Gilberto Fisone
Hjärnfonden FO2018-0124 Gilberto Fisone
The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and interpretation, or the
decision to submit the work for publication.Peer reviewe
Road Environment and Driver Fatigue
No full textSummary: We distinguish between fatigue caused by the demands of the driving task itself (see Hancock & Desmond, 2001) from the standard traditional approach that links fatigue predominately to the lack of sleep. Fatigue can be caused by two sources: (1) the driver’s initial state before starting the drive, or (2) the characteristics of the drive and the road environment; both sources can have a cumulative effect. It is not clear what principles are involved in making one road environment more prone to inducing driver fatigue than another. For the purpose of the current presentation we provide empirical data on road environment and driver fatigue summarized from a series of three experiments that the first author has conducted at Ben-Gurion University (see Oron-Gilad, 2003; Oron-Gilad, et al., 2001). Those are examined in relation to the Hancock and Warm (1989) model of adaptability. The most significant and consistent findings of the three experiment is in the way that fatigue is reflected in driving performance across different road environments. These findings suggest that drivers are flexible in the way they handle fatigue over the course of time. They can adopt different strategies to compensate for their performance decrement, by focusing efforts on critical elements of each different type of roadway. Understanding of this dependency of fatigue symptoms on road conditions is of especial relevance to designers of technological fatigue countermeasures as well as those of future roadway systems
Analog-digital co-existence in 3D-IC
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 231-246).Ubiquitous mobile communication creates an increasing demand for high data rates, complex modulation schemes and low power design. The cost and performance benefits of conventional lithographic scaling are diminishing as process cost increases exponentially. 3D integration has the potential to keep driving performance forward while keeping cost down. The possibility to integrate separate dies with low-parasitic, dense interconnect and shorter routing provides area and power benefits. However, new challenges must be addressed in order to enable design in this new dimension and provide system level improvements. This thesis explores the impact, challenges and advantages of using 3D integration for combining digital and analog circuits for RF applications. The use of a vertical solenoid inductor in a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is proposed. The inductor design utilizes the through-silicon-vias of the 3D stack as part of its geometry. The solenoid inductor exhibits a 28%larger inductance and a 6 dB higher quality factor compared to a conventional planar inductor occupying the same area. The VCO circuit phase noise is improved by 6 dB and exhibits an improved immunity to coupling from adjacent digital clock lines routed on the bottom tier of the 3D stack. An efficient hardware implementation is presented for an LTE uplink channel. The proposed design processes input data for cellular transmission. The core of the computation includes a variable-length, high-order, mixed-radix FFT and IFFT blocks. The use of energy efficient circuits and algorithms enables achieving an energy efficiency of up to 95 pJ/Sample and additional power savings of up to 24% for different operation modes. Both designs are combined along with digital-to-analog conversion to create a partial cellular transmitter in 3D-IC. Highly flexible and configurable design allows for various partitioning of the system. The 3D design has a digital link energy efficiency of up to 0.37 pJ/bit, compared to the 33.3 pJ/bit consumed in a multiple die partitioning and 0.83 pJ/bit for a 2.5D interposer emulated design. The use of the solenoid VCO along with digital-analog partitioning between the die tiers enables high immunity to noise and reduction of spurs at the VCO output.by Gilad Yahalom.Ph. D
1EFFECTS OF FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE ON PYREXIA, PRODUCTION AND BIOENERGETIC VARIABLES IN POSTPARTURIENT DAIRY COWS By
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
Three essays on bureaucratic reputation: predictors, measures, and strategies
No full textBureaucratic reputation has been defined as a set of beliefs about an organization’s capacities, intentions, history, and mission that are embedded in a network of multiple audiences (Carpenter, 2010, 45). An agency’s reputation is closely linked to its level of approval and support, allowing the agency to establish autonomy, accumulate power, and enhance legitimacy when it is effectively managed (Maor, 2016). Also, previous studies have shown that the reputational concerns of agencies shape their behaviors, such as accountability, collaboration, and communication strategies (Busuioc, 2016; Gilad, Maor, & Ben-Nun Bloom, 2013; Ingold & Leifeld, 2014).
While scholars have paid increasing attention to the consequences of bureaucratic reputation for the behavior and autonomy of public organizations, little is known about: 1) measuring bureaucratic reputation in the eyes of citizens and other audiences, 2) predictors of citizens’ reputation judgments of various agencies, and 3) strategies to shape audiences’ reputation judgments. All of these issues are key to understanding and thus managing bureaucratic reputation. Given that knowing how reputations are formed and cultivated remains “fundamental to understanding the role of public administration in a democracy” (Carpenter & Krause, 2012, 26), more research on bureaucratic reputation from the viewpoint of citizens is needed.
This dissertation probes three different research questions related to the construction of bureaucratic reputation in the eyes of citizens. The theoretical frameworks are grounded upon both the accountability and management literatures, particularly governance theory and New Public Management. Based on these perspectives, the first essay focuses on developing and validating reputation measurements through an empirically grounded scale development process. The second essay explores predictors of citizens’ reputation judgments of U.S. federal agencies using national survey data. The third essay examines reputation management, particularly the effect of communication strategies on citizens’ reputation judgments, utilizing a set of survey experiments.
The results provide empirically grounded tools and ideas that help better understand bureaucratic reputation at the individual level of the citizenry, perhaps the most important audience of any bureaucracy. First, the results provide a validated scale to measure bureaucratic reputation that can be used in surveys and other studies. Second, the results show how citizens’ characteristics shape their reputation judgments of federal agencies. Third, the results demonstrate how citizens’ reputation judgments can be managed through agency communication strategies after a policy or administrative failure. Taken together, these findings enhance the theoretical understanding of bureaucratic reputation and provide public agencies with empirical implications for managing their relations with the public.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
Reinstating and marking spatial parcel boundaries as a base for a 3D digital cadastre by means of real time kinematics gps
No full textThe inability of the existing 2D Cadastre to facilitate the rapid developments on one hand and the growing land shortage on the other hand necessitates a fundamental change in the cadastral system. Based on the existing 2D cadastre, a 3D cadastre system for land rights registration is proposed in this paper. A general description and definitions of its components are detailed. Additionally a description of a GPS RTK reinstating/marking technique for 3D spatial parcel is also detailed
Designing Robots with the Context in Mind- One Design Does Not Fit All
No full textRobots’ visual qualities (VQs) impact people’s perception of their characteristics and affect users’ behaviors and attitudes toward the robot. Recent years point toward a growing need for Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) in various contexts and functions, interacting with various users. Since SAR types have functional differences, the user experience must vary by the context of use, functionality, user characteristics, and environmental conditions. Still, SAR manufacturers often design and deploy the same robotic embodiment for diverse contexts. We argue that the visual design of SARs requires a more scientific approach considering their multiple evolving roles in future society. In this work, we define four contextual layers: the domain in which the SAR exists, the physical environment, its intended users, and the robot’s role. Via an online questionnaire, we collected potential users’ expectations regarding the desired characteristics and visual qualities of four different SARs: a service robot for an assisted living/retirement residence facility, a medical assistant robot for a hospital environment, a COVID-19 officer robot, and a personal assistant robot for domestic use. Results indicated that users’ expectations differ regarding the robot’s desired characteristics and the anticipated visual qualities for each context and use case.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Design Aesthetic
Software Simulation of Numerically Controlled Machining by Gilad Israeli
No full textI hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii The field of numerically controlled (NC) machining has long been interested with predicting and measuring the errors in machining. Creating a simulation of NC machining is one way of achieving this. This thesis presents one such implemen-tation of an NC simulation. It also runs a number of numerical and physical tests to verify the simulation’s correctness. The numerical tests show that the simulator work correctly as well as providing guide lines for appropriate simulation parame-ters. The physical tests show that the results of the simulation match the results of real NC machines. It is hoped that this thesis can provide a guide for the creation of machining simulators and their verification. ii
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