109 research outputs found
Determinants of Domestic Water Use in Bauchi Metropolis: A Model Perspective
No full textThere are various uses of water; domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural. However, water is a scarce resource and water shortages are experienced in Nigerian cities. Several factors are reported- inability to abstract water from source, rapid urbanization, changes in life style and economic activities, inadequate information on pattern of water use and determinants of water use. Determinants domestic of water use vary from place to place and their significance also vary. This study aimed at analyzing the determinants of domestic water use in Bauchi metropolis Data was collected using stratified systematic random sampling. 381 household were sampled and analyzed using SPSS software. The regression analysis has this model. Y = - 0.012 + 0.989X1 + 1.997X2 + 1.009X3 + 1.002X4 + 1.005X5 + 0.996X6 + 0.998X7 + 1.997X8 + 1.005X9 + 1.000X10+ 1.010X11,. Result of the analysis reveals that price, gender, occupation and water source were leading determinants, while religion, household size, and education followed. The multiple correlation coefficient in R= 1.000 indicates that all the variables tested correlated positively with the dependent variable- domestic water use. As a further measure of the strength of the model, the SE of the regression (0.051) was compared with the STD of average water use (6.871). Since SE is much lower than STD, showed that the model is really fit for explaining the determinants of domestic water use in Bauchi metropolis. Keywords: determinants, domestic, water use, model.
Pattern of Domestic Water Use in Bauchi Metropolis
No full textWhere there is water there is life. Life exist around numerous uses of water which makes it important for survival and luxury. Pattern of domestic water use refers to the use of water for various domestic activities. However, accurate data on pattern of domestic water use are scarce in Nigerian urban centers. This study collected data from randomly selected households in the low , medium and high density residential areas of Bauchi metropolis .The data was analyzed using Microsoft excel and presented in tables The study found out that the pattern of water use at household and per capita level were similar. The pattern were bathing which consume (45%) of total domestic water use at household level, flushing toilet (15%), cooking (5%), drinking (7%), Muslim prayer (10%), Christin prayer (1%),washing cloth (7%), washing dishes (4%), brushing teeth (1%) and so on. However, there is slight variation in the pattern of water use within the density areas where there is no water use for Christian prayer in the low and high density residential areas but only in the medium density area. Keywords: pattern, domestic, water use, density areas
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF RABBIT BUCKS TO QUANTITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION AND FEEDING TIME
No full textThe experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feed restriction, feeding time and their interaction on haematological and serum profile in rabbit bucks. Eighteen (18) rabbit bucks were used for the study. The rabbit bucks were fed 75.00, 67.50 and 60.00g commercial growers’ pellets to represent 100, 90 and 80% daily ration respectively. The eighteen rabbit bucks were divided into two groups of nine (9) bucks each. The first group was fed in the morning while the second group was fed their daily ration in the evening. Bucks fed 100% daily ration served as control. The study adopted a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the 4th week of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each replicate for determination of hematological and serum biochemical indices. Data obtained were subjected to General linear model (GLM) procedure in a completely randomized design, using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The result showed that feed restriction affected (p<0.05) PCV, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets of rabbit bucks in the study. Feeding time significantly influenced (p<0.05) PCV, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Restricted feeding significantly affected (p<0.05) total protein, creatinine and serum enzymes. There was significant interaction between feed restriction and time of feeding on AST and ALT of the bucks fed 90% daily ration. In conclusion, Feeding rabbit bucks 90% of their daily ration in the evening improves most haematological and serum biochemical parameters without compromising the health of the animals
PERFORMANCE, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF RABBIT BUCKS FED SUPPLEMENTAL LEVELS OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of rabbit bucks. Eighteen bucks were used for the study. They were assigned to three treatment groups with 6 bucks per treatment, replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design for twenty-eight (28) days. The bucks were allowed one week of acclimatization before the commencement of the study, during which they were fed commercial growers diets and forages. The bucks were fed a formulated ration supplemented with S. cerevisiae at 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6g respectively and were coded T1, T2 and T3 respectively. T1served as control. Growth parameters, haematological indices and serum chemistry were measured in the course of the study. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 21, and means were separated using Duncan of same software. The results revealed that S. cerevisae did not have effect (p>0.05) on the growth parameters in the rabbit bucks. This study revealed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not have significant effect (p>0.05) in the PCV of bucks in the study as T1, T2 and T3 all had similar (p>0.05) PCV values of 39.00, 39.00 and 41.00% respectively. S. cerevisiae influenced (P<0.05) serum enzymes but did not have significant effect (p>0.05) on total protein, blood urea, ALT creatinine and glucose. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of S. cerevisiae at 0.60% did not have significant effect on growth parameters and most haematological and serum biochemical indices.
Parasitic Agents in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Open Markets in Bauchi, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the parasitic contamination in fruits and vegetables in the Bauchi area, North-East Nigeria.
Methods: From May to July 2017, a total of 776 samples comprising 182 samples of four different types of fruits, and 594 samples of six different types of vegetables were screened by simple floatation and formol-ether concentration techniques. The isolated parasitic ova and cysts were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics with reference to the standard keys. The data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS computer software version 21.0.
Results: Totally, 26 out of 182 fruit samples (14.3%), and 82 out of 594 vegetable samples (13.8%) were contaminated with various parasitic ova and cysts. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common parasitic contaminant in both fruits and vegetable samples. The differences were not statistically significant in the prevalence rates of contamination among different types of fruits and vegetables (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables consumed in Bauchi, Nigeria are the major sources of parasitic infections and may have serious public health implications. It seems that health education with respect to personal hygiene and eating habits is the most practical and useful approach in order to desired control in the studied area. The local people must be effectively trained for proper washing and disinfecting of the fruits and vegetables prior to consumption.
DOI: 10.29252/jfqhc.5.3.8
The effects of Niger State water treatment plant effluent on its receiving river (Kaduna)
No full textThe effect of water treatment plant effluent on its receiving river (Kaduna) was examined. Samples were collected from the effluents discharge from Chanchaga water treatment plant into upstream and down stream of the receiving river monthly for six month. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory for microbial counts and identification, as well as physico-chemical properties. Laboratory analysis confirmed that the sludge recorded the highest number of pathogenic organisms like Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Shigella sonnei, Chromobacterium violaceum, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The result depicts seasonal changes in which higher numbers of microorganisms were recorded during the raining season. The values of total alkalinity, chloride, dissolve oxygen, sulphate, biochemical oxygen demand, organic matter and turbidity of sludges were all higher than the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) limits for effluent discharge into surface water. The investigation revealed that the watertreatment plant effluent may have adverse effects on its immediate environment
Diversity, nesting behaviour, thermoregulation and cephalic secretions of termites from two Nigerian savannahs
No full textThesis (PhD (Entomology))--University of Pretoria, 2021.Seven species of mound building termites from five genera were identified thus; Amitermes evuncifer, Cubitermes oculatus, Macrotermes bellicosus, M. subhyalinus, Odontotermes sp., Trinervitermes geminatus and T. occidentalis. Deviating from the norms of using the traditional soldiers’ morphology alone for identification, a proposed identification keys for mound building termites in the savannah using both morphological characters and mound structures were introduced. Two or three of the four types of mound structures; dome, cone, cathedral and mushroom were identified to be associated with the seven species of termites from the Sudan and Sahel savannahs. To address a taxonomic gap especially on termites from West Africa, a novel chemotaxonomic approach that profiles cephalic and cuticular secretions from termites was used to identify them to species level. Termites are known for their abilities to regulate microclimatic conditions within their nests and keep them at optimum through the mounds that they build or the location where they build them. These mechanisms of regulations have been shown to vary between species, with some species adapting passive or active behaviour such as nest site selection and nest structures that permit passive heating or cooling. However, little is known if same species of termites would use similar or different nest cooling mechanisms when they occur in different habitats i.e. if the environment does influence such behaviour. The findings show that most of the termite build their mounds in the shade as against the open in areas with high temperatures indicating preferences for nesting sites. Mound architecture was also found to play a role in thermoregulation within the termites’ mounds. The thesis also looked at the diversity, density, location and types of termites’ mounds from two Nigerian savannahs. It further compared the architectural designs of the mounds built by these species to find out the modes of thermal regulations used.Zoology and EntomologyPhD (Entomology)Unrestricte
Cost-Effective Meal Planning Strategies for Maintaining Nutritional Quality in Financial Hardship among Families in Plateau State, Nigeria
No full textThis study addresses the issue of maintaining nutritional quality amidst financial hardship faced by families in Plateau State, Nigeria. Surveys research designed was used for the study. The study covers 3 local government areas in Plateau State, ensuring diverse representation. The sample size of 400 families residing in Plateau State was used. Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study which capture the demographic information, dietary habits, household budget allocation for food, and perceptions of nutritional value. Mean and standard deviation was used to present result for the findings. The findings of the study revealed that that there should be cost-effective meal planning strategies in promoting healthy eating habits. Also, socioeconomic factors impact cost-effective meal planning in promoting healthy eating habits. Based on the findings, stakeholders, policymakers, and community organizations should implement interventions that support cost-effective meal planning, enhance nutritional literacy, and alleviate financial burdens on families in Plateau State. This study may empower families to make informed dietary choices and achieve better health outcomes despite economic constraints
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