650 research outputs found
Nahaanu Junuudu
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Docturu (Doctor) Zakiu, who was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, and who lived in the Agric community of Tamale. Docturu Zakiu received the manuscript from a man named Afa Mumuni. Baba Issahak went to Afa Mumuni to learn to sing the song, as Docturu Zakiu was not trained in singing.This is one of the three manuscripts in the collection written in Arabic. Baba Issahak had no information on the contents or context of the text. The song text is contained on the first page, while written glosses added by Baba Issahak.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Salatu
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.As its Arabic name suggests, this song is a prayer. Baba Issahak had no other information about its contents.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
N Sabili N Sabili Ngo (I am writing my story)
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: Baba Issahak received a copy of this manuscript from a man identified as Alhaji Iddrisu, who lived in the community of Voggu, in the Tolon district of the Northern Region.This piece is a report on Afa Ajura's visit to Nigerian Independence festivities as a member of the Ghana delegation, which had been sent by President Osagyefo Kwame Nkrumah in 1960. In the text, Afa Ajura lists some of the Ghanaians who went to Nigeria, important Nigerian people (big men) they met, the things they saw, the fact that all things they were given were complimentary (transportation, food); important cities and states visited, including Kano. This piece is a fact-based report, and contains no moral, spiritual, or social lessons or commentary, although it does implicate Afa Ajura in national politics at the time.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Duniya Be Shiegukam Da Naara (Everything in the World Has an End)
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: Afa Ajura intially gave the manuscript to a man identified as Afa Mumuni, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Baba Issahak made a copy of the text in his own hand, and went to learn the singing from Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.This is Afa Ajura's longest and most expansive piece, covering a wide range of topics, with the over-arching theme of morality as well as mortality. It references the history of the Dagbon Kingdom, African history, and world history; current events and events that were to come; proper behavior of children, women, and young men, and society more broadly. The title is taken from a common Dagbanli proverb, which notes that all things and people will pass away eventually. Afa Ajura lists off several great chiefs and warriors, asking "Where have they gone? They have passed, and so, too, will all of us." Portions of the piece predict future circumstances that Baba Issahak, Saeed Dawuni, and Fuseini Abdul-Fatawu agreed had come to pass in Dagbon, and which were decidedly negative developments: Afa Ajura speculated that there would come a time when young men would wear shorts below their anus, walk with their hands in their pockets while smoking marijuana or tobacco; and that the day would come when young women refused to marry, kept and decorated their own rooms, and will have men visit her in her room.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Afanim Zaa Nini Binya Wudi Ningbu Ni Taribia? (Why Are All of the Muslim Leaders Singing in the Mosque?)
No full textThere are two copies of the song in the collection, "Afanim Zaa Nini Binya Wudi Ningbu Ni Taribia AA Hand.PDF" and "Afanim Zaa Nini Binya Wudi Ningbu Ni Taribia BI Hand.PDF". "Afanim Zaa Nini Binya Wudi Ningbu Ni Taribia AA Hand.PDF" is a scanned version of a manuscript that has itself been copied, written in Afa Ajura's hand. "Afanim Zaa Nini Binya Wudi Ningbu Ni Taribia BI Hand.PDF" is a scanned version of the same song written in Baba Issahak's hand. The entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.This song is directed toward members of the Tijaniyya community who practice devotional songs in the mosque after prayers. This practiced is rebuked by the author of the Ajami text on the grounds that it is not sanctioned by the Qur’an. According to the author, Christians are the ones who sing in their houses of worship, but Muslims are not supposed to do this. According to Baba Issahak, this song brought about a period of long and intense conflict between the Tijaniyya and Anbariya communities in Tamale, which continues to this day.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Afa Zaa Ngun Pag' Ngo Buguli (Any Malam's Wife Who Has Gone to Lesser Gods)
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.During the mid 20th century, it was common practice for couples who had trouble conceiving to have the woman visit a shrine to be treated by a tendana (fetish priest). Treatments administered by the tendanas generally required the intervention of spirits and/or ancestors, and were predicated on the woman developing and nurturing a relationship with the spirit. Afa Ajura argued in this piece that such practices were against the teachings of Islam, and that malams who sent their wives to shrines were not Muslims at all. As Tijaniyya in northern Ghana is generally tolerant of indigenous religious practices, Afa Ajura would have been addressing that community directly.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Kutiligi (Someone who refuses advice, but who will come to do the right thing out of necessity)
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.Consists of 46 lines of verse. The author addresses the Tijaniyya community, suggesting that they are following the wrong path to God, and that they should rather follow the path outlined in the Qur’an.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Doliya Ti Duuma Naawuni (Follow Our Lord God)
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.Consists of 111 lines of text. This piece is aimed at followers of indigenous religious and spiritual practices, urging them to convert from the polytheistic belief system to Islam.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Damba Do Goli (The Month of Prophet Mohammed's Birth)
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.This piece was intended to educate people about the life of Prophet Muhammad. It discusses his life and parents and how the Qur’an was revealed to him.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
Ngun Kam Ngma Ziri A Sheehu, Cheli O (Any person who tells lies for your Leader, you should leave him)
No full textThe entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images are unavailable. Fieldwork Team: Karl J. Haas, PhD (Pricipal Investigator; Visiting Researcher, African Studies Center), Saeed Alhassan Dawuni (Field Researcher), and Fuseini Abdul-Fataw (Field Researcher). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), Eleni Castro (OpenBU Librarian, Boston University Libraries), and Eric J. Schmidt (Assistant Director, African Studies Center). This collection of Dagbanli Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This project is partly funded by the BU African Studies Center and Middlebury College. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. Access is for research and educational purposes only, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Haas, Karl J., Dawuni, Saeed Alhassan, Abdul-Fatawu, Fuseini, Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni & Schmidt, Eric J. (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Dagbanli Ajami and Arabic Manuscripts of Northern Ghana. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/32937. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The manuscript's owner was given a copy of the manuscript from a man named Afa Mohammed, who had been a student of Afa Ajura. Afa Mohammed was a teacher at the Anbariya Islamic Institute, established by Afa Ajura, and taught Baba Isshak how to sing Afa Ajura's songs. Afa Mohammed maintained a house in the Agric neighborhood in the northern part of Tamale, which is adjacent to the the Anbariya school.This song, written sometime in the 1950s, is directed toward members of the Tijaniyya community. The author alleges that they observe a number of practices not specifically sanctioned by the Qur’an, including the practice of devotional songs in mosques after prayers. When questioned why Tijaniyya followers did these things, they would reply that it was their leader, Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse, whom they called Shehu, who told them to do these things. Afa Ajura's message to them was that they should not blindly follow the words of their leader, but rather go to the Qur’an for guidance.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government
- …
