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The African Continental Free Trade Area and the future of investor-state dispute settlement in Africa /
No full textThe African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement is at the forefront of current African business, trade and legal discussions. The future of African development, on a continental level, is largely tied to the success or failure of this agreement. One of the primary concerns of legal professionals and the international business community is the dispute settlement mechanism that will be built into the agreement. African nations are also acutely aware of the importance of developing a dispute settlement system that strikes the right balance between the interests of international investors and the needs of local populations. However, to date, there has been very little published on this topic as it pertains to the AfCFTA. While several articles look at individual components of the complex topic of African dispute settlement, there are few publications that bring together the various aspects. Individuals shaping this discussion, particularly the legal practitioners working to influence the conversation on how disputes should be carried out under the agreement, will benefit from the comprehensive look provided within the book. Not only does the author provide sound foundational knowledge as to the current landscape of dispute settlement on the continent, but he also presents a clear path forward for the negotiation of the dispute settlement provision of the AfCFTA
De la littérature des travailleurs immigrés à la littérature des migrants: analyse d'un changement de perspective au plan formel et thématique dans la littérature allemande à l'exemple de « Bitte nix Polizei. Eine Kriminalerzählung » (1983) d'Aras Ören et « Unter die Deutschen gefallen. Erfahrungen eines Afrikaners » (1992).
No full textThis research finds its interest in the analysis of the formal and thematic change of perspective from the literature of immigrant workers (Gastarbeiterliteratur) to the literature of migrants (Migrantenliteratur). Such a study is based on the novels mentioned in the title in order to tackle the problem of the change of pen in German literature. Indeed, the literature of immigrant workers which has developed since the 60s and 70s is a medium for communication and denunciation of the living conditions of immigrants who have come to Germany in the framework of multilateral cooperation for the recruitment of workers. work launched by the FRG to revitalize its economy. A decade later, the literature of migrants, globally formed by foreigners, was born and forged a new and plural discourse. While the first sub-field focuses its texts solely on the living conditions of immigrant workers and is however compartmentalized on a dichotomous narrative, the second opens up to other minorities and seeks continuity from the formal and above all thematic point of view. The aim was to adapt their literary productions to current events throughout German society. The analysis of the corpus thus made it possible to show, on the one hand, how the author Aras Ören, in a classic form, represents the meeting between German characters and those of immigrant workers and to highlight the living conditions of the latter in a daily life marked by crime, problems of integration and rejection. On the other hand, it helped to shed light with Chima Oji on the experiences of African, Afro-German, binational, etc. black minorities in a conservative Germany in which they are discriminated against and considered as foreigners with whom the majority society does not share any cultural similarity and identity. However, according to the author's narrative, such a conception of a homogeneous German culture is, today, wrong. In addition, cultures have become heterogeneous, even hybrid. Both the African migrants in text and the other rejected minorities are an integral part of German society. This is what we analyzed with the presence of a diversity of minorities in his story. From these feathers, therefore, emerge two discourses: at the moment when with the first we have a plea for immigrant workers, the second, he, sensitizes German society on the evolution of identities in a world which has become more and more globalized.Le présent travail de recherche trouve son intérêt dans l’analyse du changement de perspective au plan formel et thématique de la littérature des travailleurs immigrés (Gastarbeiterliteratur) à la littérature des migrants (Migrantenliteratur). Une telle étude s’appuie sur les romans évoqués dans le titre afin d’aborder la problématique du changement de plume dans la littérature allemande. En effet, la littérature des travailleurs immigrés qui s’est développée dès les années 60-70, est un medium de communication et de dénonciation des conditions de vie des immigrés venus en Allemagne dans le cadre d’une coopération multilatérale de recrutement de main-oeuvre lancé par la RFA pour redynamiser son économie. Une décennie après, la littérature des migrants, formée globalement par des étrangers, voit le jour et forge un discours nouveau et pluriel. Pendant que le premier sous-champ oriente ses textes uniquement sur les conditions de vie des travailleurs immigrés et se cloisonne cependant sur une narration dichotomique, le second, s’ouvre aux autres minorités et cherche la continuité du point de vue formel et surtout thématique. L’objectif était d’adapter leurs productions littéraires à l’actualité dans toute la société allemande. L’analyse du corpus a permis ainsi de montrer, d’une part, comment l’auteur Aras Ören, sous une forme classique, représente la rencontre entre les personnages allemands et ceux des travailleurs immigrés et de mettre en évidence les conditions de vie de ces derniers dans un quotidien marqué par la criminalité, des problèmes d’intégration et de rejet. D’autre part, elle a permis d’éclairer avec Chima Oji les expériences des minorités noires africaines, afro-allemande, binationales etc. dans une Allemagne conservative dans laquelle elles sont discriminées et considérées comme des étrangers avec qui la société majoritaire ne partagent aucune similitude culturelle et identitaire. Or, suivant la narration de l’auteur, une telle conception sur une culture allemande homogène est, de nos jours, erronée. Par ailleurs, les cultures sont devenues hétérogènes, voire hybrides. Aussi bien les migrants africains mis en texte que les autres minorités rejetées constituent une partie intégrante de la société allemande. C’est ce que nous avons analysé avec la présence d’une diversité de minorités dans son récit. De ces plumes ressortent donc deux discours : au moment où avec le premier nous avons un plaidoyer pour les travailleurs immigrés, le second, lui, conscientise la société allemande sur l’évolution des identités dans un monde devenu de plus en plus globalisé
Peritonite Biliaire Primitive Chez l’Enfant : À Propos de Deux Cas au CHUD Borgou-Alibori, Parakou
No full textIntroduction : La péritonite aigue généralisée est une urgence médico chirurgicale fréquente chez l’enfant dont les étiologies sont diverses. Nous rapportons deux cas rares de péritonite biliaire primitive chez l’enfant dont les suites opératoires ont été simples. Observation clinique : il s’agissait de deux garçons âgés de 07 et 11ans admis aux urgences pour une douleur abdominale évoluant depuis trois semaines au moins chez qui le diagnostic initial de péritonite aigue généralisée par perforation iléale d’origine typhique probable a été posé. Ils ont tous deux bénéficié d’une laparotomie qui a permis de découvrir une perforation vésiculaire dans le premier cas et une association de perforation vésiculaire et iléale dans l’autre cas. Il a été réalisé une cholécystectomie chez les deux, une résection anastomose iléale chez le second, un lavage et drainage péritonéal. Conclusion : la perforation vésiculaire est une lésion rare chez l’enfant et on doit y penser devant une péritonite aigue chez l’enfant.
Introduction: Acute generalized peritonitis is a common medical-surgical emergency with various etiologies. We report two rare cases of primary biliary peritonitis in children at CHUD/B-A whose surgical outcomes were favorable. Clinical observation: These were two male children aged 07 and 11 years admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain that had been evolving for at least three weeks for whom the initial diagnosis of acute generalized peritonitis by ileal perforation of probable typic origin was made. They both underwent a laparotomy which revealed vesicular perforation in the first case and a combination of vesicular and ileal perforation in the other. A cholecystectomy was performed in both, an ileal anastomosis resection in the second, and peritoneal lavage and drainage. Conclusion: vesicular perforation is a rare lesion in children and should be considered in the case of peritonitis
Péritonite Biliaire Primitive Chez l’Enfant : À Propos de Deux Cas au CHUD Borgou-Alibori, Parakou
No full textIntroduction : La péritonite aigue généralisée est une urgence médico chirurgicale fréquente dont les étiologies sont diverses. Nous rapportons deux cas rares de péritonite biliaire primitive chez l’enfant dont les suites opératoires ont été simples. Observation clinique : il s’agissait de deux enfants de sexe masculin âgés de 07 et 11ans admis aux urgences pour une douleur abdominale évoluant depuis trois semaines au moins chez qui le diagnostic initial de péritonite aigue généralisée par perforation iléale d’origine typhique probable a été posé. Ils ont tous deux bénéficié d’une laparotomie qui a permis de découvrir une perforation vésiculaire dans le premier cas et une association de perforation vésiculaire et iléale dans l’autre cas. Il a été réalisé une cholécystectomie chez les deux, une résection anastomose iléale chez le second, un lavage et drainage péritonéale Conclusion : la perforation vésiculaire est une lésion rare chez l’enfant et on doit y penser devant une péritonite aigue chez l’enfant.
Introduction: Acute generalized peritonitis is a common medical-surgical emergency with various etiologies. We report two rare cases of primary biliary peritonitis in children at CHUD/B-A whose surgical outcomes were favorable. Clinical observation: These were two male children aged 07 and 11 years admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain that had been evolving for at least three weeks in whom the initial diagnosis of acute generalized peritonitis by ileal perforation of probable typhic origin was made. They both underwent a laparotomy which revealed vesicular perforation in the first case and a combination of vesicular and ileal perforation in the other. A cholecystectomy was performed in both, an ileal anastomosis resection in the second, and peritoneal lavage and drainage. Conclusion: vesicular perforation is a rare lesion in children and should be considered in the case of peritonitis
Péritonite Biliaire Primitive Chez l’Enfant : À Propos de Deux Cas au CHUD Borgou-Alibori, Parakou
No full textIntroduction : La péritonite aigue généralisée est une urgence médico chirurgicale fréquente dont les étiologies sont diverses. Nous rapportons deux cas rares de péritonite biliaire primitive chez l’enfant dont les suites opératoires ont été simples. Observation clinique : il s’agissait de deux enfants de sexe masculin âgés de 07 et 11ans admis aux urgences pour une douleur abdominale évoluant depuis trois semaines au moins chez qui le diagnostic initial de péritonite aigue généralisée par perforation iléale d’origine typhique probable a été posé. Ils ont tous deux bénéficié d’une laparotomie qui a permis de découvrir une perforation vésiculaire dans le premier cas et une association de perforation vésiculaire et iléale dans l’autre cas. Il a été réalisé une cholécystectomie chez les deux, une résection anastomose iléale chez le second, un lavage et drainage péritonéale Conclusion : la perforation vésiculaire est une lésion rare chez l’enfant et on doit y penser devant une péritonite aigue chez l’enfant.
Introduction: Acute generalized peritonitis is a common medical-surgical emergency with various etiologies. We report two rare cases of primary biliary peritonitis in children at CHUD/B-A whose surgical outcomes were favorable. Clinical observation: These were two male children aged 07 and 11 years admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain that had been evolving for at least three weeks in whom the initial diagnosis of acute generalized peritonitis by ileal perforation of probable typhic origin was made. They both underwent a laparotomy which revealed vesicular perforation in the first case and a combination of vesicular and ileal perforation in the other. A cholecystectomy was performed in both, an ileal anastomosis resection in the second, and peritoneal lavage and drainage. Conclusion: vesicular perforation is a rare lesion in children and should be considered in the case of peritonitis
Proteins involved in endocytosis are upregulated by ageing in the normal human brain: Implications for the development of Alzheimer's Disease
No full text© The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. The greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is advanced age, but the reason for this association remains unclear. Amyloid-β (Aβ) is produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) primarily after APP is internalized by clathrin-mediated or clathrin-independent endocytosis. Changes in endocytosis in AD have been identified. We hypothesized that endocytic protein expression is altered during ageing, thus influencing the likelihood of developing AD by increasing Aβ production. We explored how levels of endocytic proteins, APP, its metabolites, secretase enzymes, and tau varied with age in cortical brain samples from men of three age ranges (young [20-30], middle aged [45-55], and old [70-90]) with no symptoms of dementia. Aβ40 and Aβ42 were significantly increased in old brains, while APP and secretase expression was unaffected by age. Phosphorylated GSK3β increased significantly with age, a possible precursor for neurofibrillary tangle production, although phosphorylated tau was undetectable. Significant increases in clathrin, dynamin-1, AP180, Rab-5, caveolin-2, and flotillin-2 were seen in old brains. Rab-5 also increased in middle-aged brains prior to changes in Aβ levels. This age-related increase in endocytic protein expression, not described previously, suggests an age-related upregulation of endocytosis which could predispose older individuals to develop AD by increasing APP internalization and Aβ generation
Modeling of Unsteady Flow through Junction in Rectangular Channels: Impact of Model Junction in the Downstream Channel Hydrograph
No full textStatistical Analysis for Assessing Randomness, Shift and Trend in Rainfall Time Series under Climate Variability and Change: Case of Senegal
No full textMigration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in a large hydropower reservoir
No full textMigration rates, delay, timing, and success of acoustic-tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presmolts (n = 120) and smolts (n = 57) are reported as they moved through the large Mactaquac Generating Station (MGS) reservoir and subsequently the lower Saint John River (SJR). The potential relationship between fish movements and the MGS operations was examined directly and via a hydrodynamic model. Migration rates were 15.4–29.3 km·day−1 within the river sections and 5.0–13.3 km·day−1 through the reservoir, a significant reduction of 32%–57%. Migratory timing was temporally mismatched with dam operations such that only a few (n = 3) smolts had the option of dam passage via spill. Migration success estimated as apparent survival was high through the reservoir (81%–100%), declined by 8%–32% during passage at the MGS, and additional losses (27%–55%) occurred during the migration to the lower SJR, such that overall survival to the estuary for the groups tagged as autumn presmolts was 61%–65%, and survival for those tagged as spring smolts was 6%–10%.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Author Correction: Implementation, coverage and equity of large-scale door-to-door delivery of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) to children under 10 in Senegal.
No full textA correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper
