1,720,955 research outputs found
AKTIVITAS DIURETIK DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkABSTRACTPapaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most important fruit plant in the fulfillment ofcalcium and source of vitamins A and C. This research aimed to examine diuretics effecct inmale rats and identification of chemical contents in the ethanol extract of papaya seed. Asmuch 15 test animals were divided into 5 groups, that is negative control (0,5% CMCsuspension), positive control (suspension furosemide 5,04 mg / kgBB), dose of extract 0,03g/kgBB dose of extract 0,06 g/kgBB, and dose of extract 0,12 g/KgBB. The test is done bymeasuring of diuretics effect the urine volume incurred for 6 hours. Data obtained wereanalyzed with SPSS ver.20, one way ANOVA test and advanced test that is Duncan test.Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (α <0.05) between the negative controland positive control and dose of extract. Phytochemical screening results obtained arealcaloids and saponins, but is efficacious as of diuretics is an alcaloid. Based on these resultswe can conclude the ethanol extract of papaya seeds have a diuretic effect in male white ratswistar strain and identified the active compounds contained alcaloids and saponins.Key words : papaya seeds, diuretic effect, Rattus norvegicus, phytochemical screening.ABSTRAKPepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman buah yang sangat penting dalampemenuhan kalsium dan sumber vitamin A dan C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengujiefek diuretik pada tikus jantan dan identifikasi kandungan kimia pada ekstrak etanol bijipepaya.Sebanyak 15 ekor hewan uji dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrolnegatif (suspensi CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (suspensi furosemid 5,04 mg/KgBB), ekstrakdosis 0,03 g/KgBB, ekstrak dosis 0,06 g/KgBB, dan ekstrak dosis 0,12 g/KgBB. Pengujianefek diuretik dilakukan dengan mengukur volume urin yang dikeluarkan selama 6 jam. Datayang diperoleh dianalisis dengan SPSS ver.20, uji one way ANOVA dan uji lanjutan yaitu ujiDuncan.Analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan (α < 0,05) antarakontrol negatif dan kontrol positif serta dosis ekstrak. Hasil skrining fitokimia yang diperolehadalah senyawa alkaloid dan saponin, namun yang berkhasiat sebagai diuretik adalahalkaloid. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan ekstrak etanol biji pepaya memilikiefek diuretik pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dan senyawa aktif yang diidentifikasiterdapat senyawa alkaloid dan saponin.Kata kunci : biji pepaya, efek diuretik, Rattus norvegicus, Skrining fitokimi
Scaffolding on Student Construction Errors in Mathematics Problem Solving
No full textThe Purpose of this study is to find out what forms of conceptual construction errors experienced by students in solving mathematical problems and the appropriate form of scaffolding for each concept construction error experienced. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. In determining the subject of this study using purposive sampling technique. The research subjects were students of class XII, the subjects of this study were 6 people which were then reduced to 2 people representing medium and low abilities. The instruments used in this study were test questions and interview sheets. The data obtained were analyzed by the steps (1) Reducing the data. (2) presenting data and (3) drawing conclusions. The results of this study are that S1 experienced more “correct” pseudo construction errors and mis-logical construction with the scaffolding provided, namely level 2 (reviewing, explaining and restructuring) while S2 experienced four types of errors with the scaffolding provided, level 2 scaffolding. each individual will be different because it must be adjusted to the actual development zone of each
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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