91 research outputs found
Abdelkader Fassi Fehri and his contribution to Arabic linguistics
No full textModern anlamda Arap Dilbilim çalışmaları XX. yy.'ın ikinci yarısı ile hız kazanmıştır. Modern dilbilim yaklaşımlarından biri olan Üretici Dönüşümsel Dilbilgisi Kuramının Arap Dilindeki gelişimi, iki aşamada gerçekleşmiştir. Mişel Zekeriyyâ, Davud Abduh, Mazin el-Va'r gibi dilbilimciler, ÜDD kuramının modüllerinden olan Standart Kuram ve Genişletilmiş Standart Kuram çerçevesinde dar kapsamda çalışmalar yapmışlardır. Arap dili verilerinin ÜDD kuramlarının yöntem ve teknikleriyle betimleyici bir şekilde ele alınması ve bu sadette daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılması Faslı dilbilimci Abdukâdir el-Fâsî el-Fihrî (d. 1947-) eliyle olmuştur. Fâsî'nin dilbilim çalışmaları, ÜDD'nin ilke ve parametrelerine paralel olarak gelişmiştir ve bu çalışmalar, kuramın Arap dilbilimine uygulanabilirliği noktasında önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada ÜDD bağlamında Abdulkâdir el-Fâsî el-Fihrî'nin eserleri ve dilbilim görüşleri incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak ÜDD'nin ilke ve parametreleri ele alınmış ve buna ek olarak Arap dilindeki ÜDD çalışmaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra Fâsî'nin bu konuda ortaya koyduğu eserler incelenmiş ve dil tasavvuru hakkındaki kanaatleri ele alınmıştır. Son olarak da Fâsî'nin ele aldığı bazı meseleler, Chomskyci bakış açısı bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınarak Arap dilbilimine katkısı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.Modern Arabic linguistics studies gained momentum in the second half of the XX. century. Development of the Generative-Transformational Grammar Theory in Arabic linguistics, which is one of the modern linguistics approaches, took place in two stages. Initially, some scholars such as Michel Zakaria, Daud Abduh, Mazen al-Var carried out narrow-scope studies within the scope of the two moduls of the Generative-Transformational Grammer Theory; Standard Theory and Extended Standard Theory. Yet then, Moroccon linguist Abdelkader Fassi Fehri (b. 1947-) has descriptively approached to the data of Arabic language with the methods and tecniques of GTG Theory and more comprehensive studies have been made in his hands. The linguistics studies of Fassi have improved in paralel with the principles and parameters of the GTG and these studies have great importance on the applicability of theory into Arabic linguistics. This work examines the works and linguistic views of Abdelkader Fassi Fehri within the context of GTG. In this context, at first, principles and parameters of GTG is discussed and additionally, GTG studies in Arabic are studied. Then, the works of Fassi on the subject are researched and his opinions on the perception of language are analysed. Finally, contribution of some matters which Fassi dealt with to Arabic linguistics is attempted to be revealed by comparision with the approach of Chomsky
THREE ESSAYS ON MANAGEMENT CONTROL
No full textThis dissertation analyzes three drivers of firms’ long-term performance within the dynamic landscape of the contemporary business environment: stakeholder management, resource management and artificial intelligence (AI) tools management.
The debate concerning whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are value- enhancing or value-destroying is very active in both academic and business words. In the first chapter we contribute to this academic debate by analyzing the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP). We use the Covid-19 pandemic as an exogenous shock and use both stock returns and risk measures to examine this relationship across a sample of companies in the travel and leisure (T&L) industry, which were heavily impacted during this period. Consistent with stakeholder salience theory, our results indicate that CSP in salient CSR activities is associated with higher CFP. We also find that companies following a stakeholder salience approach outperform their peers adopting either a stakeholder approach (high-CSP for all CSR activities) or a shareholder-only approach (low- CSP for all CSR activities) and constitute the only group of companies that did not experience a significant decline in stock returns during the Covid-19 market downturn. Finally, we find that the CSP-CFP relationship has an inverted U-shape suggesting the existence of an optimal level of CSP that maximizes CFP.
This work has both theoretical and practical contributions. managers need to define effective and context-dependent CSR activities by focusing on salient CSR activities and defining the optimal CSP level. In can also be informative to regulators, NGOs and other stakeholders to understand the stakeholder-firm relationship. More specifically, it can help deduce when
pressures on managers are necessary – i.e., when it is not (or no longer) financially beneficial for firms to voluntarily address these issues – and deploy resources and measures accordingly. In the second chapter, we empirically examine the relationship between asymmetric cost adjustments (i.e., costs stickiness) and capital structure and profitability. We develop a novel measure of cost stickiness and address endogeneity issues using instrumental variables. We first find that high-sticky-cost firms have lower financial leverage, shorter debt maturity, and higher cash holdings. Our findings imply that cost stickiness increases the risk of default, reducing the optimal leverage. They also suggest that cost stickiness increases financial constraints, leading managers to favor internal financing to pay for operational excess capacity and to sustain investments when sales are low. Moreover, we find that cost stickiness has a positive effect on profitability. Finally, we compare the effects of cost stickiness and the related concept of operating leverage. We observe that, while they have similar effects on capital structure,
operating leverage has an overall negative effect on profitability unlike cost stickiness.
While extensive research has been conducted to document cost stickiness and the factors under which it is amplified, research on the effects of cost stickiness have been very limited. Therefore, by introducing an accounting topic (cost stickiness) as an important determinant of financial leverage, cash holdings, and debt maturity, we add to both the accounting literature by looking further at the financial consequences of asymmetric cost behavior and the corporate finance literature examining the firms’ operating policies affecting capital structure.
In the third chapter, we examine the algorithm appreciation phenomenon and how gender and knowledge influence the level of trust humans place in AI. AI is increasingly utilized to provide real-time assistance and recommendations across a wide range of tasks, especially since the emergence of AI Chatbots such as ChatGPT. However, it is unclear how users perceive the
trustworthiness of these tools, more so given the publicized “hallucinations” that they may experience. We conduct a randomized field experiment to analyze how subject characteristics affect trust in AI versus human peers. We randomly assign students to two experimental groups receiving advice labeled to come from an AI system (treatment group) or labeled as coming from human peers (control group). Our results are in line with recent laboratory experiments documenting algorithm appreciation. However, we find that algorithm appreciation varies with subject knowledge and gender. Specifically, both male and high-knowledge subjects place considerably less weight on AI advice. Our results remain consistent even over an extended out-of-sample period and after providing subjects with performance information.
This highlights the need to tailor AI tools to subject characteristics to significantly enhance their effectiveness and ultimately also the adoption rates. A personalized approach to AI can enhance engagement and mitigate potential adoption barriers. Further research in technology management is needed to explore various factors influencing AI trust. For example, future experimental projects, in collaboration with current co-authors explore various related questions such as: how to build and restore trust in AI; identify the main subject characteristics influencing trust in AI; understand the drivers of gender differences in AI and peer trust; and exploring task characteristics affecting trust in AI.
From a managerial perspective, understanding the circumstances in which AI assistance is beneficial and determining effective control mechanisms is crucial. While literature explores the benefits and challenges of AI, the impact of controlling AI assistance on task performance remains relatively unexplored. One of our ongoing research projects focuses on investigating the effects of restraining and controlling AI assistance on task performance, considering potential trade-offs and implications for human-AI dynamics
Thinking Skills Don’t Protect Service Workers from Replacement by Artificial Intelligence
No full textVorobeva, D., El Fassi, Y., Costa Pinto, D., Hildebrand, D., Herter, M. M., & Mattila, A. S. (2022). Thinking Skills Don’t Protect Service Workers from Replacement by Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Service Research, 25(4), 601-613. https://doi.org/10.1177/10946705221104312----- Funding: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT Portugal) [DSAIPA/DS/0113/2019]. ---%ABS4%Despite the documented benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the service industry, the service employees’ fear of being replaced by AI continues to be a major concern as we transition to the Feeling Economy. This paper builds upon the Feeling Economy framework and the social comparison theory to examine how different service-related tasks (thinking vs feeling) distinctively impact the service employees’ feelings and behavior. Five studies reveal that the presence of AI increases negative outcomes for employees engaging in thinking (vs. feeling) tasks due to its adverse effects on their perceived ability (i.e., relative performance). Findings further indicate that these detrimental effects only happen when service employees compare their abilities with those of AI. This research provides important theoretical and managerial implications, helping to mitigate AI’s negative outcomes on employees’ fear of replacement and reduced job performancepublishersversionpublishe
“Challenging the Authority of Religious Interpretation in Saudi Arabia::The Transformation of Suhaila Zain al-Abedin Hammad
No full textTaking as its starting point that a male monopoly is a problem in the recognition of Islamic religious authority, especially in matters related to women, this chapter discusses the possibilities for challenging this monopoly. The author argues that it is necessary to create alternative sources of authority from within the realm of religious scholarship through women scholars laying direct claim to the interpretation of sacred texts. Al Fassi uses the works and experiences of the Saudi scholar, Suhaila Zain al-Abedin Hammad, as a specific example for this approach. Hammad, an accomplished religious scholar, has worked tirelessly through her writing, both in books and her weekly newspaper column, to address difficult issues in Islamic law, to rethink the use of weak hadiths, and to critique Saudi legal rulings. The chapter also considers the intense backlash against her work and her impact on Saudi public opinion. © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Dina El Omari, Juliane Hammer and Mouhanad Khorchide; individual chapters, the contributors
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Translating Nouzha Fassi Fihri's La Baroudeuse: a case study in post-colonial translation
No full textMy initial translation of the novel, La Baroudeuse, into English raised
several questions for which this project seeks to provide answers through an
analytical case study. Chapter One describes the translation experience. It
includes an analysis of the effects of the novel's post-colonial elements on the
translation process, states the questions that arose, and presents information
gathered from the author, other translations of similar genre, discussions with the
translators of these works, and readers. Chapter Two offers a translator's
analytical definition and description of the process of translating a post-colonial
novel by a Muslim Arab women into English. Chapter Three analyzes the
quantity and quality of variation between the initial and final versions of "The
Fighter"—my translation of La Baroudeuse–to determine how and to what extent
various elements influenced the translator's decisions. Chapter Four presents the complete, final version of "The Fighter." This case study and analysis of the
process of translating this genre of literature into English leads to the conclusion
that multiple factors can shape a translator's perception of audience and influence
translation decisions. The original text sets the first parameters, if the translator
aims to re-create the original as faithfully as possible. To elicit from the receiving
audience a response similar to that of the original audience, the translator may
consider the effect of the original text on the original audiences and situate the
original and the proposed translation within the context of relevant literary
traditions and critical paradigms. Reading other translations and works of other
literary traditions and discussion with other individuals such as the author, other
translators and readers may also influence the translator's decisions. These
experiences can affect the translator's awareness of her own expectations and
those of her anticipated audience, broaden the range of possible translation
choices, and lead to modifications in the manuscript.Comparative Literatur
Salience of stakeholders’ claims and the financial effect of corporate social performance
No full textWe examine the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and
corporate financial performance (CFP) using the Covid-19 pandemic as an exogenous shock.
Our findings are summarized around three main contributions. (1) Consistent with stakeholder
salience theory, we find supporting evidence that the CSP-CFP relationship depends on the
salience of CSR activities. Unlike for non-salient activities, higher CSP in salient activities is
associated with higher CFP. (2) We find that companies following a stakeholder salience
approach (high-CSP only for salient CSR activities) outperform their peers adopting either a
stakeholder approach (high-CSP for all CSR activities) or a shareholder approach (low-CSP
for all CSR activities) and constitute the only group of companies that did not experience a
decline in stock returns during the Covid-19 market crash. (3) We find that the CSP-CFP
relationship is inverted U-shaped and salience increases the optimal level of CSP that
maximizes CFP, suggesting that higher levels of CSP reduce the salience of activities
The impact of CSR activities during times of crisis ::evidence from leisure and travel industry
No full textThis paper examines the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities on market performance and idiosyncratic risk during the Covid-19 health crisis across global firms in the Travel and Leisure industry. Empirical analysis of a sample of 225 firms shows that CSR activities have a negative impact on firm value during the crisis. In addition, we document that CSR activities positively affect the firm’s value during the pre-crisis period through moderating its exposure to market risk. Overall, our results suggest that CSR is perceived as value-destroying by market participants in period of exogenous economic crisis. Interestingly, we also find asymmetrical effects when disentangling our analysis by environmental and social CSR. Environmental (social) CSR is negatively (positively) associated with stock risk during the crisis. We also observe that both of them are negatively associated with stock return during the health crisis
Performance of environmental and social activities in a crisis
No full textThe financial crisis induced by covid-19 pandemic presents a unique exogenous setting to test the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP). We analyze this relationship in the travel and leisure industry, being the most affected during this period, using both stock returns and risk measures. Consistent with stakeholder salience theory, our results suggest that the effect of CSR activities on financial performance depends on the salience of the stakeholders involved. Firms that invest more in activities that benefit the most salient stakeholders (i.e., customers and the environment) have higher stock returns and lower idiosyncratic risk. On the contrary, pre-crisis investments in human rights actions and community engagement are negatively related to firm value. Moreover, we find a concave relationship between CSR and CFP suggesting an optimal level of CSR. These two results provide an explanation for the mixed findings in the literature, in fact, when we exclude the two hypotheses of a contingent and non-linear relationship, we find a neutral relationship, consistent with recent articles
Stakeholder influence and the financial effect of corporate social performance
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic represents a unique exogenous shock that allows to test for
the causal relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial
performance (CFP). We examine this relationship using both stock returns and risk measures
across a sample of companies in the travel and leisure (T&L) industry, known as the most
affected industry in this period. Our findings are summarized around three main contributions.
(1) Consistent with stakeholder salience theory, we find supporting evidence that the CSP-CFP
relationship depends on the salience of CSR activities. Unlike for non-salient activities, higher
CSP in salient activities is associated with higher CFP. (2) We find that companies following
a stakeholder salience approach (high-CSP only for salient CSR activities) outperform their
peers adopting either a stakeholder approach (high-CSP for all CSR activities) or a shareholder
approach (low-CSP for all CSR activities) and constitute the only group of companies that did
not experience a decline in stock returns during the Covid-19 market crash. (3) We find that
the CSP-CFP relationship is inverted U-shaped and salience increases the optimal level of CSP
that maximizes CFP, suggesting that higher levels of CSP reduce the salience of activities
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