2,545 research outputs found
Water Access in Changing Climate in Bangladesh: A Study of Social Impacts on Women Who Manage Household Water
No full textAccess to water depends on the availability of water but climate change impact such as sea level rise, increase frequency and intensity of cyclone, floods, and erratic rainfall reduces the availability of water by either polluting water sources or damaging water supply and management infrastructure. Women are the worst victims of climate change regarding water access as they are primarily responsible for managing water for the household. This study focuses on how climate change is responsible for reducing water access and subsequently bear on women in addressing the water crisis problem. The study found that women face challenges in access to water that affect them in terms of less time, physical and mental health problems, sexual assault/harassment, violence in the household, reduce their income, children’s education, early marriage, divorce, and make more difficult to perform their responsibility. Initiatives should be taken to enhance water access for women on a priority basis
Impact of climate-induced extreme events and demand–supply gap on water resources in Bangladesh
No full textAgriculture, domestic, and industry rely on water resources systems for fulfilling water demand, while water resources systems face both climate-induced extreme events and management and governance problems. These constraints lead to a mismatch between demand and supply of water for those sectors. This study applies central tendency and variability to analyze data and mixed methods approach to interpret the result. From 1999 to 2019, the growth rates of population, gross domestic product, and urban population are -1.354, 6.084, and 3.70%, respectively, contributing to increased water demand. However, the average groundwater depletion increased from 2.455 km(3) (1989-1990) to 4.9016 km(3), while the average flood-affected areas enhanced by 8,644 km(2) in 2014-2018 compared to 1987-1991. Furthermore, salt-affected areas incremented by 222,810 ha in 2009 contrasted to 1973, whereas the mean wind speed of cyclones increased by 30.02 km in 2015-2020 compared to 1988-1995. The mean sea-level rise increased by 16.8 and 169.2 cm in 1995-2000 compared to 1979-1983 in Cox's Bazar and the Char Changa station, respectively. The Mann-Kendall test was applied to detect the trend. This study urges policymakers, water experts, and academics to promote rainwater harvesting that is sustainable to govern rainwater and mitigate water and economic poverty
Does Rainwater Harvesting Contribute to Fight Climate Change and Women Empowerment in Bangladesh?
No full textAgriculture, domestic, and industry rely on water resources systems for fulfilling water demand while water resources systems face both climate-induced extreme events and management and governance problems. These constraints lead to a mismatch between demand and supply of water for those sectors. This study applies central tendency and variability to analyze data and mixed methods approach to interpret the result. Throughout 1999-2019, the growth rate of population, gross domestic product, and urban population is 1.354%, 6.084%, and 3.70% correspondingly, contributing to increased water demand. However, average groundwater depletion increased from 2.455km3 (1989-1990) to 4.9016km3 while average flood-affected areas enhanced by 8,644km2 in 2014-2018 compared to 1988-1993. Furthermore, salt-affected areas incremented by 2,22,810ha in 2009 contrasted to 1973, whereas the mean wind speed of cyclones increased by 30.02km in 2015-2020 compared to 1988-1995. The mean sea-level rise increased by 16.8cm and 169.2cm in 1995-2000 compared to 1979-1983 in Cox’s Bazar and Char Changa station, respectively. The current approach to address the mismatch may not be effective as a long-term solution due to climate change and geographical context so that this study urges policy makers to shift their focus on water sources for addressing the gap between water demand and supply in Bangladesh. This study will create attention of policymakers, water managers, water experts, and academics for further study in adaptation with climate extreme events which impact on water resources, damage social economic and enviornmnetal assets, and displaced people. It also urges finding and accommodating a sustainable approach to reducing the water demand-supply gap. This study is relevant for various government organizations dealing with water resources management, policymakers, and professionals in water resources management and governance. Sustainable water resources management is one of the significant factors in achieving sustainable development goals and alleviating poverty. Since sustainable development is a multidimensional concept, it is influenced by different factors like water access, poverty, socioeconomic development. Rainwater collection and use are ways to ensure sustainable water resources management and increase water access where formal water suppliers fail to address the water crisis. This research explores what key factors influence the economic benefit of rainwater harvesting using Ordinary Least Square regression on primary data collected from 1040 households at a subdistrict of southwestern Bangladesh. Six factors have been measured the price of water, age of rainwater harvesting, the total cost of rainwater harvesting, storage capacity, number of children, and income. It is the first kind of empirical research that connects rainwater harvesting, economic advantage, and econometric analysis. The empirical result shows that income (1.253***), storage capacity (49.425***), price of water (80669.9***), age of rainwater harvesting (8740.16***), and total cost (1.649***) have positive correlation with economic benefit while the number of children (-3501.90***) has a negative. It concluded that economic benefit from rainwater harvesting could be improved by including in water management policy or different policies for rainwater harvesting, particularly for the rain-intensive country. Moreover, it can be a tool to alleviate poverty and achieve sustainable development goals through increasing water access. However, context specificity and multidimensionality is the limitation of this study. Water security has been long connected with facilitating women empowerment that is more crucial in developing countries. The rising water demand may hamper water security, leading to a constraint empowerment process. Women empowerment is rising in Bangladesh, but the connection between water security through rainwater harvesting and women empowerment is the first study in this circumstance. It may provide an alley to determine the connection between water security ensured by rainwater harvesting and empowerment. This quantitative study explored the survey data of 1051 households to measure the possibility of economic, social, and political empowerment through water security. The result shows that economic, social, and political empowerment has a positive and statistically significant relation with water security, but context specificity indicates that interpretation of the findings is not uncomplicated. Moreover, male household head, income, number of family members, and operating rainwater harvesting negatively influence water security level while the cost to build up rainwater harvesting infrastructure, storage capacity, and land ownership positively influences water security. Based on the results, policies and programs that stimulate women's empowerment need more understanding and strategies concerning water security and empowerment for gender equality and achieve sustainable development goals five and six
ゴンドワナ・Barapukuria石炭盆地 （北西バングラデシュ）の多層・長壁式採炭に伴う地質学的災害危険分析：数値シミュレーションに基づく評価
No full text琉球大学博士（学術）This dissertation connects the Boundary Element Method (BEM) and Finite Element Method (EFM) with its practical applications to recognize underground mining related geo-environmental hazards associated with the Gondwana Barapukuria Coal Basin of northwest Bangladesh. .A total of three models are presented to recognize ground movement and water inrush/inflow. The study uses both FEM and BEM numerical analyses to evaluate stress redistribution, strata failure, and water inflow enhancements that result from the coal extraction operations. It is apparent from the fracture heights that large amounts of caving would occur towards the roof due to the multi-slice extraction of coal, and finally would be linked with the water-bearing Dupi Tila Formation. For the case of seam gas outburst, three models are also presented in this study. Model A assumes horseshoe-shaped geometry, model B assumes trapezoid-shaped geometry, and model C assumes horseshoe-shaped geometry coupled with a roof fall-induced cave generated by the break-up of rock materials along the vertical dimension of an igneous dyke. From these simulation results, it is thought that the extension of the dyke-induced perturbation zone toward the roof, floor, and rib sides of the entry roadway initially creates small tensional cracks that gradually grow into large-scale tensional features. These features could also be responsible for high concentrations of gas, which are emitted into the mine from fractured coals due to insufficient mine ventilation and low atmospheric pressure. Mining-induced fault reactivation and its impacts on main conveyor belt roadway have been focused as an adverse geo-hazard for the safe operation of the mine. The simulation results illustrate that the mining-induced redistribution of stresses causes significant deformation within and around the two faults_ Failure trajectories that extend towards the roof and left side of fault indicate that mining-induced reactivation of faults is not sufficient to generate water inflow into the mine. However, if movement of strata occurs along the fault planes due to regional earthquakes, and if the faults intersect the overlying Lower Dupi Tila aquiclude, then liquefaction could occur along the fault zones and enhance water inflow into the mine. Considering all geo-hazards, I recommend for rethinking about coal bed methane (CBM) resource potential rather than underground mining of Barapukuria coal basin.学位論
A paradox of the world population stabilization policy
No full textMd. Mahmudul Alam, Rafiqul Islam Molla, Khondaker Mizanur Rahman, Md. Wahid Mura
Urban Local Government and Environmental Management in Bangladesh: A Study on Chunarughat Paurashava
No full textUrban local government is a vital part for the delivery of services to people. Along with other responsibilities, urban local government in Bangladesh is also responsible for environmental management. This study aims to identify the role of Paurashavas (which are administrative units at every municipality composed of elected members) in protecting a healthy and clean environment. Examining Chunarughat Paurashava, the study finds that Paurashavas have an important role in environmental management such as garbage collection, waste disposal, sewerage construction, public park protection, and so on. However, the provision of these kinds of services is hindered by various lacks, like infrastructure, logistic support, trained manpower, and funds, as well as peoples’ participation. The study makes various recommendations to overcome these problems.local government, environmental management, Bangladesh, Paurashava, Chunarughat
Industrial policy 2005 of Bangladesh: a critical analysis of achievements and challenges
No full textThis thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Governance and Development, 2008.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 111 - 116).Muhammad Rafiqul IslamM. Governance and Developmen
Climate Change and Agricultural Growth: An Examination of the Link in Malaysia
No full textMd. Wahid Murad, Rafiqul Islam Molla, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar, Md. Abdur Raqui
Coastal States' control over driftnet fishing in the South Pacific... by M. Rafiqul Islam
No full textFew regional affairs that have united the South Pacific island nations as solidly as has the controversial driftnet fishery
Assessment of wind energy potential mapping for Peninsular Malaysia / Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
No full textWind energy generation is growing rapidly worldwide and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. In this study, the most accepted 2-parameter Weibull distribution model has been applied for assessment of wind energy potentiality. The wind directions have been also identified using the WRPLOT View software. The Geographical Information System (GIS), ArcGIS 9.3 software, has been applied to present the predicted monthly and yearly mean wind speed in the form of contour maps. The wind speed data of 15 stations has been collected from the Malaysian Meteorological Department over the period of 2008-2009.
Based on the experimental data, it is found that the numerical values of both Weibull parameters (k and c) for Peninsular Malaysia vary over a wide range. It is found that the daytime, from 8 am to 6 pm, is windy for all the years, while the night time is relatively calm. Most of the monthly mean wind speed values are between 1.5 m/s to 4.5 m/s, but some are over 4.5 m/s and few are under 1.5 m/s. The mean wind speeds for all the years are lower than 4.5 m/s and the range of the yearly mean wind speed values is from 0.90 to 4.06 m/s. It is found that the yearly mean wind speed at Mersing is 4.06 m/s in 2008 and 4.01 m/s in 2009, which is capable of producing commercial wind energy by using current technology.
The monthly highest value of wind power density was found to be 227.1 W/m2 at Mersing in January, 2009 and the lowest value of wind power density was 1.3 W/m2 in November 2008 at Batu Embun. The average value of the monthly wind power density was estimated 26.76 W/m2. The range of the values of monthly wind energy density was found to be between 11.23 to 1962 kWh/m2/year whereas the average wind energy density was found to be 231.20 kWh/m2/year.
Mersing is the most „windy‟ place with the largest scale parameter c, and its most frequent wind speed is 3.5 m/s. The maximum percentage of error between Weibull and observed wind speed frequencies occur at 3 m/s or more than 3 m/s is around 20%. From cumulative distribution function, it is found that Mersing will have the highest operating possibility of 67% (around 5789 hours per year). For all the sites, the prevailing winds from the most probable wind directions on the percentage ranging from 15 to 41% and the wind speeds less than 3 m/s are ranging from 11.2-89.2%.
The geographical parameters (latitude, longitude, and altitude), and months of the year were used as input data, while the monthly and yearly mean wind speeds were found as the output. It is seen that the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia is windier than that of the other parts in Peninsular Malaysia. The predicted wind speed values are given in the form of monthly and yearly maps, which can be easily used for assessment of wind energy potential for different locations within Peninsular Malaysia
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